scholarly journals Scoping Review: Pengaruh Paparan Asap Rokok Terhadap Kadar Kotinin Dalam Tubuh Perokok Pasif

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina Tul Munawaroh ◽  
Annisa Rahmah Furqaani ◽  
Lelly Resna Nugrahawati
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family

Perokok pasif adalah orang tidak merokok, namun ikut menghirup asap rokok dari orang-orang merokok di sekitarnya. Produk yang dihirup dihasilkan dari asap utama yang dihembuskan dan asap dari ujung rokok yang masih membara. Perokok pasif memiliki kandungan nikotin yang akan dimetabolisme menjadi kotinin menggunakan enzim CYP2A6 Cytochrome P450, Family 2, Subfamily A, Polypeptide dan didistribusikan dalam tubuh perokok pasif seperti darah, saliva, dan urine. Hasil metabolisme mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar kotinin dalam tubuh perokok pasif. Dampak peningkatan kadar kotinin menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan seperti lung cancer, oral cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dan coronary heart disease. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis pengaruh paparan asap rokok terhadap kadar kotinin dalam tubuh perokok pasif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode scoping review dengan subjek artikel ilmiah nasional dan internasional yang memenuhi kriteria kelayakan (eligible). Hasil pada penelitian ini diambil dari artikel yang akan dinilai secara PICOS, yaitu Population: anak-anak perokok pasif yang terdapat pada jurnal artikel, Intervention/Exposure: asap rokok sekunder, Comparison: anak-anak yang tidak tinggal dengan perokok, Outcome: kadar kotinin dalam tubuh perokok pasif, Studi: RCT, clinical trial, dan cross sectional. Artikel yang memenuhi kelayakan (eligible) ada 6 artikel. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada perokok pasif menunjukan kadar kotinin yang meningkat.  Scope Review: The Effect of Cigarette Exposure to Cotinine Levels in The Body of Passive SmokersSecondhand smoke is a product produced from the main smoke that is exhaled and the smoke from the tip of the cigarette that is still burning. Passive smokers who contain nicotine which will be metabolized into cotinine use the enzymes CYP2A6 Cytochrome P450, Family 2, Subfamily A, Polypeptides and distros in the body of passive smokers such as blood, saliva and urine. From the measurement results the increase in cotinine levels in the body of passive smokers. The impact of increasing levels of cotinins causes health problems such as lung cancer, oral cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and coronary heart disease. The research objective was to analyze the effect of cigarette smoke on cotinine levels in the body of passive smokers. The research was taken using the scoping review method with the subject of national and international scientific articles that meet the eligibility criteria (elegible). The results in this study were taken from articles to be taken using PICOS, namely Population: children of passive smoking found in journal articles, Intervention/Exposure:secondary cigarette smoke, Comparison: children who do not live with smokers, Results: body cotinine levels in passive smokers, Studies (RCT, clinical trial, and cross sectional). There are 6 articles that fulfill the eligibility (elegible). The conclusion of this study shows that exposure to passive smoking using cotinine concentrations taken in the body of passive smokers shows an increase in cotinine levels.

scholarly journals STUDY OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS (CRP) AND BODE INDEX IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
C. Siddhuraj
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Bode Index

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and currently represents the fourth leading cause of death in world and it is recently recognized as a multicomponent disorder, associated with systemic inflammation and extra pulmonary manifestation. Current study aimed to assess the correlation of BODE index severity and CRP levels (systemic inflammatory biomarker) in COPD. Study is designed as prospective, cross sectional study design and 60 subjects fulfilling criteria were recruited. Spirometry was performed to note FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75% and PEFR. The BODE index was calculated for each patient using the body mass index, FEV1%, the distance walked in 6 min and modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnoea scale score. The systemic inflammatory marker C Reactive Protein (CRP) was found to be positive in 21 patients (35%) out of 60. 13 patients (72.2%) out of 18 in Severe COPD had CRP positive, while only 7 (28%) out of 25 in Moderate and 1 (6.25%) out of 17 in Mild COPD showed CRP positive. BODE index severity directly correlates with the CRP which implies that underlying systemic inflammation is present in COPD.

Lung Disease and Genomics

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Research and application of genomic medicine in lung disease during the past century has clarified our understanding and focus on specific phenotypes, helping clinicians tailor treatment for individual patients. Cystic fibrosis and lung cancer have been researched extensively; specific genotypes have been instrumental in precision medicine to treat these lung diseases. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are more complex and heterogeneous in their pathogenesis, genotypic profile, and phenotypic expression, making treatment more difficult with increasing disease severity. This article focuses on the evolving state of the science of precision medicine in lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. The body of knowledge in lung disease is growing related to pharmacogenomics, clinical guidelines, genome editing, and approaches to genomic health that will guide clinical treatment options, reduce risk, and promote health.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Klára Szalontai ◽  
Nikolett Gémes ◽  
József Furák ◽  
Tünde Varga ◽  
Patrícia Á. Neuperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Disease Epidemiology

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.

scholarly journals Prognostic and functional impact of perioperative LAMA/LABA inhaled therapy in patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Azuma ◽  
Atsushi Sano ◽  
Takashi Sakai ◽  
Satoshi Koezuka ◽  
Hajime Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inhaled Therapy ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important risk factor for postoperative complications and mortality. To determine the effects of perioperative combination therapy, using a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA), on preoperative lung function, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and long-term outcome in COPD patients. Methods Between January 2005 and October 2019, 130 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed COPD underwent surgery for lung cancer. We conducted a retrospective review of their medical record to evaluate that LAMA/LABA might be an optimal regimen for patients with COPD undergoing surgery for lung cancer. All patients were received perioperative rehabilitation and divided into 3 groups according to the type of perioperative inhaled therapy and management: LAMA/LABA (n = 64), LAMA (n = 23) and rehabilitation only (no bronchodilator) (n = 43). We conducted a retrospective review of their medical records. Results Patients who received preoperative LAMA/LABA therapy showed significant improvement in lung function before surgery (p < 0.001 for both forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%pred). Compared with patients who received preoperative LAMA therapy, patients with LAMA/LABA therapy had significantly improved lung function (ΔFEV1, LAMA/LABA 223.1 mL vs. LAMA 130.0 mL, ΔFEV1%pred, LAMA/LABA 10.8% vs. LAMA 6.8%; both p < 0.05). Postoperative complications were lower frequent in the LAMA/LABA group than in the LAMA group (p = 0.007). In patients with moderate to severe air flow limitation (n = 61), those who received LAMA/LABA therapy had significantly longer overall survival and disease-free survival compared with the LAMA (p = 0.049, p = 0.026) and rehabilitation-only groups (p = 0.001, p < 0.001). Perioperative LAMA/LABA therapy was also associated with lower recurrence rates (vs. LAMA p = 0.006, vs. rehabilitation-only p = 0.008). Conclusions We believe this treatment combination is optimal for patients with lung cancer and COPD.

scholarly journals A population-based analysis of spirometry use and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in lung cancer

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Corriveau ◽  
Gregory R. Pond ◽  
Grace H. Tang ◽  
John R. Goffin
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Morbidity Score

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are associated diseases. COPD is underdiagnosed and thus undertreated, but there is limited data on COPD diagnosis in the setting of lung cancer. We assessed the diagnosis of COPD with lung cancer in a large public healthcare system. Methods Anonymous administrative data was acquired from ICES, which links demographics, hospital records, physician billing, and cancer registry data in Ontario, Canada. Individuals age 35 or older with COPD were identified through a validated, ICES-derived cohort and spirometry use was derived from physician billings. Statistical comparisons were made using Wilcoxon rank sum, Cochran-Armitage, and chi-square tests. Results From 2002 to 2014, 756,786 individuals were diagnosed with COPD, with a 2014 prevalence of 9.3%. Of these, 51.9% never underwent spirometry. During the same period, 105,304 individuals were diagnosed with lung cancer, among whom COPD was previously diagnosed in 34.9%. Having COPD prior to lung cancer was associated with lower income, a rural dwelling, a lower Charlson morbidity score, and less frequent stage IV disease (48 vs 54%, p < 0.001). Spirometry was more commonly undertaken in early stage disease (90.6% in stage I-II vs. 54.4% in stage III-IV). Conclusion Over a third of individuals with lung cancer had a prior diagnosis of COPD. Among individuals with advanced lung cancer, greater use of spirometry and diagnosis of COPD may help to mitigate respiratory symptoms.

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