scholarly journals A Identification and Isolation of Several Bacteria from oral cavity among human in Soran City

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Holem Balaky ◽  
Alaa Taha Younis Al-Hammadi
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The aim of this study has been to estimate that the number of bacteria in the mouth exceeds the total number of people on the planet. In this context, scientists have discovered more than 700 different types of human oral bacteria. With such a large number of oral bacteria present, many diseases that may threaten health, especially oral health, can emerge. For this reason, this study was employed and conducted on 252 healthy people in the Soran area of the city of Erbil. Both sexes were involved and different ages were selected. Swabs taken from 226 participants gave positive growths on different culture media. The biochemical properties of the isolates were tested according to Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and UK Standards for Microbiology Investigation. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent isolated pathogen (47.83%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.30%), Bacillus subtilis (23.91%), Enterococcus faecalis (5.43%), Enterobacter aerogenes (4.35%), and Klebsiella pneumonia (2.17%) respectively. Antibiotic Susceptibility testing of different species of bacteria was also performed according to Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar by using commercial antibiotic discs. It seems that the different species of bacteria showed various sensitivity patterns to several kinds of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Commercial Antibiotic Discs in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Mercy I. Aboh ◽  
Yakubu Ya’aba ◽  
Shehu B. Mohammed ◽  
Peters O. Oladosu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Accuracy Of Results

Clinically, antimicrobial susceptibility testing results provide guidance in the choice of antimicrobial agents in patient care. The accuracy of results from antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be affected by multiple factors including the media, antimicrobial discs or preparations, inoculum’s size, plate reading and incubation conditions. Misleading results from antimicrobial susceptibility test leads to the indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics and have impacted grossly to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of different brands of locally and foreign manufactured multi-antibiotic discs on bacteria and assess any significant variation. Two brands each of locally and foreign manufactured multi-antibiotic discs were purchased from retail stores within the FCT. The antibacterial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhi ATCC 9150, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Streptococcus pyogenes were carried out using agar diffusion method. There were differences between the diameter zones of inhibition produced by the local brands and the foreign brands of antibiotic discs. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30 µg) disc produced the highest variation within the four brands with zones of inhibition range 12.0 – 20.0 mm against the test organisms. There is need for regulatory bodies like NAFDAC and SON to routinely validate and assess the qualities of these products in the market.

scholarly journals Phenotypic detection of beta-lactamases production in enterobacteriaceae

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Pavlovic ◽  
Neda Konstantinovic ◽  
Katarina Kostic ◽  
Snezana Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Different Types

Introduction. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the most commonly used antibacterial drugs. However, many bacteria have developed resistance to these antibiotics, and the most common form of resistance is the production of beta-lactamase enzymes. Many members of the Enterobacteriaceae family produce different types of these enzymes. Objective. The aim of this study was to perform phenotypic detection of production and identification of beta-lactamase type in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from different clinical specimens from patients hospitalized in the Clinical Center of Serbia. Methods. The strains of Enterobacteriaceae were collected between November 2011 and January 2012 in the laboratory of the Clinical Center of Serbia. The isolates were identified according to the standard microbiology procedures and confirmed by the Vitek2 automated system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method, and the phenotypic detection of production and identification of betalactamases was performed according to previously described methodologies. Results. In this study, a total of 172 Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated. Further testing was performed on 54/145 (37.2%) strains showing decreased susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics: 13/85 (15.3%) Escherichia coli, 31/46 (67.4%) Klebsiella pneumoniae and 10/14 (71.4%) Proteus mirabilis. Among them, 40/145 (27.6%) strains produced extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs), 9/145 (6.2%) - AmpC, 1/145 (0.7%) - K1 beta-lactamase and 4/145 (2.8%) - carbapenemases. Carbapenemases were predominantly detected in K. pneumoniae (75%). Conclusion. Enterobacteriaceae produce different types of betalactamases, and the most common type in our study was ESBLs. Production of carbapenemases detected in Enterobacteriaceae is also an associated problem.

Susceptibility testing of Candida albicans by disk diffusion method: A comparison of the culture media used

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Nascimento Silva ◽  
Antônio Alexandre de Vasconcelos Júnior ◽  
Francisco Afrânio Cunha ◽  
Maria da Conceição dos S. O. Cunha ◽  
Everardo Albuquerque Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Klebsiella pneumonia from Various Clinical and environmental Samples in Diwaniyah hospitals.

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahraa Ahmed ◽  
Firas Srhan Abd AlMayahi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Different Sources

            Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a worrying phenomenon in today's world,    K. pneumoniae is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which causes nosocomial infections as  an opportunistic pathogen but inherently harbored as a part of the natural human microbiota this study aims to inform the sensitivity of bacteria to different antibiotics commonly used in the treatment against K. pneumoniae strains isolated from different infection sites and hospital environmental samples. Samples were collected from different sources (n = 886) were recorded from Diwaniyah hospitals during the period from August 2019 to January 2020, Among the 275 isolates positive for bacterial culture, only 70 isolates (40%) were identified as K.pneumoniae by standard  microbiological techniques and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion testing to 29 antibiotics using the tablet diffusion method according to CLSI 2020,  The results susceptibility testing showed that frequency resistance of K. pneumoniae isolates to Pipercillin and Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid was (100 %), Cefuroxime )97.14%) Cefoxitin (50%), Cefotaxime (74.28%), ceftriaxone (84.28%), aztreonam (52.85%), ceftazidime (81.42%), Tetracycline (70%), Nitrofurantoin (61.42%), Amikacin (57.14%), ciprofloxacin (50%). Also, the results showed the highest frequency of susceptibility            among  K.pneumoniae was associated withOfloxacin(78.57%), Netilmicin(74.28%), Gentamicin(75.71%), Meropenem(68.57%), Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole(64.28%),  Levofloxacin(72.85%).

Isolation and Diagnosis of Fungi from Samples of Spices in the City of Nasiriya

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The City ◽  
Isolated Species

Examination of (35) samples of spices obtained from local markets for the purposes of isolating and diagnosing fungi growing on them. Anine isolates belonging to 13 different types of fungi were diagnosed by the standard dilution method with three replications, and it has been observed that the most samples from which the fungi were isolated is ginger. It was found that the most isolated species of fungi are Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Rizupes spp. A rare colony of fungi was observed, which indicates contamination of the spices under study with the fungus. The present study aims to identify the potential risks of the presence of fungi in spices and what may result from mycotoxins that may be the cause of many chronic diseases as a result of using these spices in large quantities. The study recommends limiting the use of contaminated spices, especially ginger, in preparing food and its uses, in addition to other types such as cloves, black and white pepper, and other types of spices found in the local markets, especially the expired ones.

Fungicidal and Bactericidal Activity of the Alkyl-Substituted Guanidine-Containing Oligomers

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
M.Ya. Vortman ◽  
◽  
Yu.B. Pysmenna ◽  
A.I. Chuenko ◽  
D.R. Abdulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Alkyl Bromides ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Two Stages

Biocides are widely used in medicine and various industries to protect against a number of harmful microorganisms. Organic quaternary ammonium and guanidine-containing compounds, the biological action of which is based on membrane-toxic properties, are used as bactericidal preparations. The aim of this work was to study the bactericidal and fungicidal activities of the synthesized oligomeric alkylsubstituted guanidinium bromides with different radicals -C3H7, -C7H15, -C10H21, against different isolates of heterotrophic bacteria and microscopic fungi. Methods. The synthesis of alkyl-substituted guanidiniumcontaining oligomers was performed in two stages. In the first stage, alkyl-substituted guanidine was obtained by the reaction of guanidine, previously converted by alkali from the salt form to the base form by the base and alkyl bromides (Alk=-C3H7 (propyl), -C7H15 (heptyl), -C10H21 (decyl)) in methanol at a temperature of 50°C and a molar ratio of 1:1. The second carried out the reaction between aromatic oligoepoxide DER-331 and alkyl-substituted guanidine in methanol at a temperature of 50°C for 2–3 hours and a molar ratio of 1:2. Bacteria were grown on meat-peptone agar for 48 hours at a temperature of 28±2°С. Test cultures of micromycetes were cultured on agar beer wort (6°B), incubated for 14 days in a thermostat at a temperature of 28±2°C. Antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized alkyl-substituted guanidinium-containing oligomers was determined by standard disco-diffusion method (method of disks on agar) and fungicidal activity was determined by the method of holes in agar. Results. Oligomeric alkylsubstituted guanidinium bromides with different radicals composed -C3H7, -C7H15, -C10H21- synthesized by the reaction of guanidine alkyl bromides with aromatic oligoepoxydes. It was found that alkyl-substituted guanidinium-containing oligomers at a concentration of 1–3% inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli 475, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 465, Klebsiella pneumonia 479, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 109, Staphylococcus aureus 451, E. faecalis 422, Rhodococcus erythropolis 102, Bacillus subtilis 138 and most of the studied micromycetes – Aureobasidium pullulans F-41430, Paecilomyces variotii F-41432, Penicillium funiculosum F-41435, Penicillium ochrochloron F-41431, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis F-41434, Trichoderma viride F-41437, Candida albicans F-41441, Aspergillus flavus F-41442, Aspergillus niger F-41448, Penicillium sp. F-41447. Conclusions. Antimicrobial and fungicidal properties significantly depend on the length of the alkyl radical, with increasing of its length the diameter of the zone of bacterial and micromycetes growth retardation increases.10.15407/microbiolj82.06.054

Levels of Radon in Different Types of Juices Are Different In Origin Consumed and Effective on Human Health in the City of Hilla-Babel-Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
LAKEN H.A. ◽  
AHMED. Y. ALI ◽  
INAAM H. KADHIM ◽  
MOHAMMED R. KAHLIL ◽  
NASIR HUSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Artocarpus hirsutus Seed Extract and its Antibacterial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 980-989
Author(s):  
Sampath Shobana ◽  
Sunderam Veena ◽  
S.S.M. Sameer ◽  
K. Swarnalakshmi ◽  
L.A. Vishal
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bacteria

Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus hirsutus mediated seed extract for nanoparticle synthesis. Background: Gastrointestinal bacteria are known for causing deadly infections in humans. They also possess multi-drug resistance and interfere with clinical treatments. Applied nanotechnology has been known to combat such infectious agents with little interference from their special attributes. Here we synthesize silver nanoparticles from Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract against two gastro-intestinal bacterial species: Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes. Objective: To collect, dry, and process seeds of Artocarpus hirsutus for nanoparticle synthesis. To evaluate the morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles with bacteria. Methods: Artocarpus hirsutus seeds were collected and processed and further silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, UV, FTIR, and SEM. These nanoparticles were employed to study the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes using well diffusion method. Further, morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles on bacteria was studied using SEM. Result: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract and characterization studies confirmed that silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with 25-40 nm size. Antibacterial study exhibited better activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with a maximum zone of inhibition than on Listeria monocytogenes. SEM micrographs indicated that Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were more susceptible to silver nanoparticles due to the absence of cell wall. Also, the size and charge of silver nanoparticles enable easy penetration of the bacterial cell wall. Conclusion: In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the seed extract of Artocarpus hirsutus for the first time exploiting the fact that Moraceae species have high phytonutrient content which aided in nanoparticle synthesis. This nanoparticle can be employed for large scale synthesis which when coupled with the pharmaceutical industry can be used to overcome the problems associated with conventional antibiotics to treat gastrointestinal bacteria.

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