scholarly journals Assimilation of Cyanobacteria by the Freshwater Bivalve Nodularia douglasiae: Insights from Long-Term Laboratory and Field Feeding Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Kotaro Sugawara ◽  
Megumu Fujibayashi ◽  
Kunihiro Okano ◽  
Yukio Enda ◽  
Shintaro Ichinoseki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Bivalve ◽  
Feeding Experiments

scholarly journals Long‐ term effects of water quality on the freshwater bivalve Diplodon chilensis (Unionida: Hyriidae) caged at different sites in a North Patagonian river (Argentina)

Ecohydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María S. Yusseppone ◽  
Viginia A. Bianchi ◽  
Juan M. Castro ◽  
Carlos M. Luquet ◽  
Sebastián E. Sabatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Freshwater Bivalve

Nutritive Value and Safety of Hydrogenated Vegetable Fats as Evaluated by Long-Term Feeding Experiments with Rats

1957 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater ◽  
Arthur F. Wells ◽  
Lilla Aftergood ◽  
Harry J. Deuel
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Feeding Experiments

scholarly journals Iron, Phosphorus and Trace Elements in Mussels’ Shells, Water, and Bottom Sediments from the Severnaya Dvina and the Onega River Basins (Northwestern Russia)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3227
Author(s):  
Artem A. Lyubas ◽  
Alena A. Tomilova ◽  
Artem V. Chupakov ◽  
Ilya V. Vikhrev ◽  
Oksana V. Travina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Freshwater Bivalve ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Trace elements in freshwater bivalve shells are widely used for reconstructing long-term changes in the riverine environments. However, Northern Eurasian regions, notably the European Russian North, susceptible to strong environmental impact via both local pollution and climate warming, are poorly studied. This work reports new data on trace elements accumulation by widespread species of freshwater mussels Unio spp. and Anodonta anatina in the Severnaya Dvina and the Onega River Basin, the two largest subarctic river basins in the Northeastern Europe. We revealed that iron and phosphorous accumulation in Unio spp. and Anodonta anatina shells have a strong relationship with a distance from the mouth of the studied river (the Severnaya Dvina). Based on multiparametric statistics comprising chemical composition of shells, water, and sediments, we demonstrated that the accumulation of elements in the shell depends on the environment of the biotope. Differences in the elemental composition of shells between different taxa are associated with ecological preferences of certain species to the substrate. The results set new constraints for the use of freshwater mussels’ shells for monitoring riverine environments and performing paleo-reconstructions.

scholarly journals Nutrition mediates the expression of cultivar–farmer conflict in a fungus-growing ant

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (36) ◽  
pp. 10121-10126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Z. Shik ◽  
Ernesto B. Gomez ◽  
Pepijn W. Kooij ◽  
Juan C. Santos ◽  
William T. Wcislo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Geometric Framework ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Leafcutter Ants ◽  
Attine Ants ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Ecological Dominance

Attine ants evolved farming 55–60 My before humans. Although evolutionarily derived leafcutter ants achieved industrial-scale farming, extant species from basal attine genera continue to farm loosely domesticated fungal cultivars capable of pursuing independent reproductive interests. We used feeding experiments with the basal attineMycocepurus smithiito test whether reproductive allocation conflicts between farmers and cultivars constrain crop yield, possibly explaining why their mutualism has remained limited in scale and productivity. Stoichiometric and geometric framework approaches showed that carbohydrate-rich substrates maximize growth of both edible hyphae and inedible mushrooms, but that modest protein provisioning can suppress mushroom formation. Worker foraging was consistent with maximizing long-term cultivar performance: ant farmers could neither increase carbohydrate provisioning without cultivars allocating the excess toward mushroom production, nor increase protein provisioning without compromising somatic cultivar growth. Our results confirm that phylogenetically basal attine farming has been very successful over evolutionary time, but that unresolved host–symbiont conflict may have precluded these wild-type symbioses from rising to ecological dominance. That status was achieved by the evolutionarily derived leafcutter ants following full domestication of a coevolving cultivar 30–35 Mya after the first attine ants committed to farming.

Anorexia and progressive weight loss in long-term feeding experiments with sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 193-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. WALKER ◽  
J. M. THOMPSON ◽  
R. F. BAYFIELD ◽  
D. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss

Selection of Prey by American Lobsters (Homarus americanus) When Offered a Choice Between Sea Urchins and Crabs

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2199-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia D. Evans ◽  
Kenneth H. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Cancer Irroratus ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Selection Of

American lobsters (Homarus americanus) were presented with various numerical combinations of sea urchins (Strongyhcentrotus droebachiensis) and rock crabs (Cancer irroratus) in long-term laboratory feeding experiments. They exhibited a 5:1 preference for crabs when the numerical ratio of urchins to crabs varied from 0.25:1 to 8:1. Lobsters presented with a superabundance of sea urchins (urchin:crab ratios of 16:1 and 100:1) maintained relatively constant proportions of urchins and crabs in their diet. Direct observation indicated that lobsters feed selectively. Their role as key predators in kelp–sea urchin communities is discussed. Key words: food preference, predation, Canadian Atlantic, bioenergetics

scholarly journals Helpers increase the reproductive potential of offspring in cooperative meerkats

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1609) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F Russell ◽  
A.J Young ◽  
G Spong ◽  
N.R Jordan ◽  
T.H Clutton-Brock
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Suricata Suricatta ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Adaptive Nature

In both animal and human societies, individuals may forego personal reproduction and provide care to the offspring of others. Studies aimed at investigating the adaptive nature of such cooperative breeding systems in vertebrates typically calculate helper ‘fitness’ from relationships of helper numbers and offspring survival to independence. The aim of this study is to use observations and supplemental feeding experiments in cooperatively breeding meerkats, Suricata suricatta , to investigate whether helpers influence the long-term reproductive potential of offspring during adulthood. We show that helpers have a significant and positive influence on the probability that offspring gain direct reproductive success in their lifetimes. This effect arises because helpers both reduce the age at which offspring begin to reproduce as subordinates and increase the probability that they will compete successfully for alpha rank. Supplemental feeding experiments confirm the causality of these results. Our results suggest that one can neither discount the significance of helper effects when none is found nor necessarily estimate accurately the fitness benefit that helpers accrue, unless their effects on offspring are considered in the long term.

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