Biodiversity of Symbiotic Microorganisms of Caulerpa racemosa from Lemukutan Island, Indonesia and Its Antibacterial Activity

ABSTRACTAlgae or seaweed is the dominant part of marine plants. Morphological-ly, it is categorized as non-vascular plants (Thallophyta) because it has no specific structural configuration such as roots, stems and leaves. This marine algae is found abundantly in the waters of Pulau Nain. Algae from these waters was tested in the laboratory to obtain pharmaceutical preparations to be used as antibacterial active ingredients. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of the Caulerpa racemosa algae. Antibacterial activity test showed that the test solution of C. racemosa algae has antibacterial activity on all five test bacteria. The size of inhibition zones formed was relatively smaller, when compared to the size of inhibition zone formed by the comparative antibiotic compounds.Keywords: Caulerpa racemosa, seaweed, antibiotic.ABSTRAKAlga atau ganggang laut (seaweed) adalah bagian terbesar dari tumbuhan laut, dimana secara morfologi dapat dikelompokkan kedalam golongan tumbuhan tidak berpembuluh (Thallophyta) karena tidak memiliki perbedaan susunan kerangka seperti akar, batang dan daun. Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, alga laut banyak ditemukan di daerah perairan Pulau Nain. Dari perairan ini selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian secara laboratories untuk memperoleh sediaan farmasi yang digunakan sebagai bahan aktif antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antibakteri dari alga Caulerpa racemosa. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa larutan uji dari alga C. racemosa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada ke 5 bakteri uji yang diujikan. Ukuran zona hambat yang terbentuk relatif lebih kecil, jika dibandingkan dengan ukuran zona hambat yang dibentuk oleh senyawa antibiotika pembanding.Kata kunci: Caulerpa racemosa, ganggang laut, antibiotik.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI ALGA Caulerpa racemosa DARI PERAIRAN PULAU MANTEHAGE MINAHASA UTARA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.10.2021.34042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 905

Author(s):

Yosefa E.H. Ritan ◽

Defny S. Wewengkang ◽

Jainer Pasca Siampa

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Caulerpa Racemosa ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Chemical Content ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

ABSTRACTAlgae Caulerpa racemosa are able to produce chemical content that leave the potential to be antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the extracts and fractions of algae Caulerpa racemosa had antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The sample was extracted using the maceration method with 95% ethanol and the fractionation method used was liquid-liquid fractionation. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the disc diffusion agar method. The results obtained from the antibacterial activity test on Escherichia coli bacteria produce an inhibition zone in all extracts and fractions used while Staphylococcus aureus bacteria produced an inhibition zone for all extracts and fractions, in ethanol extract with inhibitory value 6.72mm, n-hexane fraction 7.53mm, chloroform fraction 6.93mm and fraction methanol 7.32mm, respectively. The extracts and fractions of algae Caulerpa racemosa samples showed no activity against Escherichia coli, while Staphylococcus aureus has performed antibacterial activity with moderate category. The conclusion of this study, extracts and fractions of algae caulerpa racemosa had no antibacterial activity on the bacteria Escherichia coli while bacteria Staphylococcus aureus had antibacterial activity with moderate inhibition.Keywords: Algae Caulerpa racemosa, Antibacterial, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureusABSTRAKAlga Caulerpa racemosa mampu menghasilkan kandungan kimia yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan fraksi dari alga Caulerpa racemosa di Perairan Pulau Mantehage Minahasa Utara terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli sebagai bakteri Gram-negatif dan Staphylococcus aureus sebagai bakteri Gram-positif. Sampel diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 95% dan metode fraksinasi yang digunakan yaitu fraksinasi cair-cair. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri yang dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil yang didapat dari uji aktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri Escherichia coli tidak menghasilkan zona hambat pada semua ekstrak dan fraksi yang digunakan sedangkan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menghasilkan zona hambat pada semua ekstrak dan fraksi yaitu, ekstrak etanol dengan daya hambat 6,72mm, fraksi n-heksan 7,53mm, fraksi kloroform 6,93mm dan fraksi metanol 7,32mm. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, ekstrak dan fraksi dari sampel alga Caulerpa racemosa tidak memiliki aktivitas pada bakteri Escherichia coli sedangkan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan daya hambat yang sedang.Kata Kunci: Alga Caulerpa racemosa, Antibakteri, Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus

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Efektivitas Ekstrak Kloroform Caulerpa racemosa Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Patogen Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA ◽

10.31957/jbp.103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Sriyati Sampulawa ◽

Ali Awan ◽

Dominggus Rumahlatu

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Green Algae ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Caulerpa Racemosa ◽

Antibacterial Compounds

Acute respiratory infection is a serious health problem in the world and in Indonesia. Acute respiratory infection is caused by a variant of the bacteria and resistance to antibiotics. The Latest researches on antibacterial compounds based on natural ingredients have been conducted. One of them is derived from green algae. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of green algae Caulerpa racemosa extract in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria causing acute respiratory infection. This study includes an extraction process using chloroform. Antibacterial testing was done by using a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, in order to obtain the minimal Inhibitory Concentration. The results showed that C. racemosa extract was able to inhibit the growth of test bacteria Streptococcus mitis, Bacillus anthrachis, and B. cereus, with the best activity at concentration of 0.5% and 80%. Meanwhile the extract did not have the activity to inhibit the Gram-negative bacteria. Phytochemical test showed that chloroform of C. racemosa extract contain steroids and terpenoids compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of testing bacteria. Key words: antibacterial activity, C. racemosa, pathogenic bacteria, Acute respiratory infection

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