escherichia coli bacteria
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2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Naim Abu-Freha ◽  
Tal Michael ◽  
Liat Poupko ◽  
Asia Estis-Deaton ◽  
Muhammad Aasla ◽  
...  

(1) Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a feared complication of liver cirrhosis. We investigated the prevalence of SBP, positive ascitic fluid cultures, and risk factors for mortality. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients with cirrhosis hospitalized or in follow-up in a single center between 1996 and 2020. The clinical data, long-term complications, and mortality of SBP patients were compared with those of non-SBP patients. Ascitic fluid positive culture was compared with those without growth. (3) Results: We included 1035 cirrhotic patients, of which 173 (16.7%) developed SBP. Ascitic fluid culture growth was found in 47.4% of the SBP cases, with Escherichia coli bacteria detected in 38%, 24.4% grew ESBL-producing bacteria, and 14.5% displayed multidrug resistance. In a Cox regression model, SBP, male sex, prolonged INR at diagnosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma were found to be risk factors for mortality in cirrhotic patients. The long-term all-cause mortality was 60% in non-SBP and 90% in SBP patients. (4) Conclusions: Only a minority of cirrhotic patients developed SBP, 47.4% of which had positive ascitic fluid cultures with high antibiotic resistance. Growth of ESBL and multidrug resistant organisms is becoming more frequent in the clinical setting, reaching SBP mortality of 90%.


Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Massimo Calovi ◽  
Berenice Furlan ◽  
Valentina Coroneo ◽  
Orietta Massidda ◽  
Stefano Rossi

The emergence and spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced the focus of attention on a significant issue: the realization of antimicrobial surfaces for public spaces, which do not require extensive use of disinfectants. Silver represents one of the most used elements in this context, thanks to its excellent biocidal performance. This work describes a simple method for the realization of anodized aluminum layers, whose antimicrobial features are ensured by the co-deposition with silver nitrate. The durability and the chemical resistance of the samples were evaluated by means of several accelerated degradation tests, such as the exposure in a salt spray chamber, the contact with synthetic sweat and the scrub test, highlighting the residual influence of silver in altering the protective behavior of the alumina layers. Furthermore, the ISO 22196:2011 standard was used as the reference protocol to set up an assay to measure the effective antibacterial activity of the alumina-Ag layers against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, even at low concentrations of silver. Finally, the Ag-containing aluminum oxide layers exhibited excellent antimicrobial performances also following the chemical–physical degradation processes, ensuring good durability over time of the antimicrobial surfaces. Overall, this work introduces a simple route for the realization of anodized aluminum surfaces with excellent antibacterial properties.


2021 ◽  
pp. 42-58
Author(s):  
A.N. Bagirli ◽  

Petrochemical products based on petroleum naphthenic acids have special properties. Esters of naphthenic acids possess practically valuable organic compounds. The aim of this work is the development of effective methods for the preparation of aromatic esters based on naphthenic and individual fatty acids which is a very promising direction in the medicine practice. The synthesis of unsaturated racemic and chiral oxyethers was carried out on the basis of the interaction of chloromethylpropargyl (allyl) esters with carbonyl compounds with the participation of metallic zinc. Also, to study the biological activity, racemic and optically active esters were synthesized based on naphthenic acids and unsaturated racemic and chiral oxyesters. As test cultures used: gram-positive (Staphylo-coccus aureus-Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa – Pseu-domonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) bacteria, as well as yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida - Candida albicans. Analysis of the biological activity of the synthesized compounds showed that optically active bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2-methylol monoesters have higher antimicrobial and antifungal activity compared to their racemic analogs and drugs used in medicine.


2021 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Gabriella Novotniné Dankó ◽  
Gyula Dankó †

Although literature data associate the reason of swine edema-disease with certain serotypes of Escherichia coli bacteria, the authors assume that the primary cause of edema is more different. Susceptible agents and factors, mostly of feed compound are involved. During the digestion of some feed-origin protein opiate-like metabolites, exorphins arise, simultaneously arrest the release of acetylcholine. Consequences of acetylcholine shortage are spasm of sphincters (mostly pylorus), intestine-dilatation, contraction of bladder-sphincter, and urine retention. The endorphins and exorphins intensify the insulin release from the pancreas, hypoglycemia evolves, which is associated with loss of balance. According to the authors in edema-disease piglet dies because of hypoglycemia.


2021 ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Sari Suryanah ◽  
Syifa Nurjannah

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial formulations derived from herbal plants against mastitis-causing bacteria in dairy cattle. Herbal extracts composed of betel leaves extract, kecombrang flower extract, and turmeric extract were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. The research was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using ten treatments and four replications at the Laboratory of Research and Testing, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The results showed that herbal antibacterial formulations could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli bacteria. The most inhibitory power was obtained from P8 treatment (50% betel leaves + 50% kecombrang flower + 50% turmeric) categorized in "strong inhibition." The percentage of antibacterial inhibition of P8 formulation compared to chloramphenicol was 32% against Staphylococcus aureus, 33% against Streptococcus agalactiae, and 31% against Escherichia coli. Conclusively, the best herbal antibacterial formulation was a combination of 50% betel leaves extract, 50% kecombrang flower extract, and 50% turmeric extract.


Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3304
Author(s):  
Dominika Czerwińska-Główka ◽  
Katarzyna Krukiewicz

The invention of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pushed the imaging methods and allowed for the observation of cell details with a high resolution. Currently, SEM appears as an extremely useful tool to analyse the morphology of biological samples. The aim of this paper is to provide a set of guidelines for using SEM to analyse morphology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, taking as model cases Escherichia coli bacteria and B-35 rat neuroblastoma cells. Herein, we discuss the necessity of a careful sample preparation and provide an optimised protocol that allows to observe the details of cell ultrastructure (≥ 50 nm) with a minimum processing effort. Highlighting the versatility of morphometric descriptors, we present the most informative parameters and couple them with molecular processes. In this way, we indicate the wide range of information that can be collected through SEM imaging of biological materials that makes SEM a convenient screening method to detect cell pathology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Hertina Silaban

Bacterial infection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the cause of gastrointestinal disorders in humans has increased their prevalence. Treatment using natural ingredients can be a choice of therapy because of the minimal side effects. One of the rare plants believed by the community as an antibacterial is stinking vin’e known as the ‘leaf fart’. The purpose of this research is for knowing the activity of the ethanol extract of Paederia foetida L can affect the growth of E.coli. The serial diffusion disc method is being used as the antibacterial activity test. The concentration  of this extract are 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, 100% with positive control (ciprofloxacin) and negative control (aqua dest). The inhibition zone diameter characterized the effect of Extract on bacterial growth were 6.16 mm of the concentration 10%, 6.667 mm of the concentration 20%, 7.10 mm of the concentration 40 %, 7.78 mm of the concentration 80%, and 10.03 mm of the concentration 100%. As for the negative control has no effect. The study stated that the higher concentration of antibacterial agent used, the greater the inhibition zone formed. Based on the result of the analysis of the data by using the One-Way ANOVA Test showed a probability value (p) = 0.000 or value (p) < 0.05, that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The conclusion is that the Extract of stinking vin’e has an antibacterial effect on the growth of E.coli. Keywords: Antibacterial, E.coli, Extract of  Sembukan leaf


Author(s):  
Ruqayyah Jamaluddin ◽  
Nurfadilah Nurfadilah ◽  
Sunarti Sunarti

Fish is a source of high-quality protein. Protein in fish has a complete composition and amount of essential amino acids. However, fish is a type of food that is susceptible to biological damage and is susceptible to microbial contamination so that it quickly decays. One of the most important microorganisms in spoilage of fish meat is Escherichia coli bacteria. This study aims to determine the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria in scad, tuna and skipjack tuna. The research was carried out from July to September 2021. The research method used was a sample survey method, sampling was carried out at 3 market locations, namely the TPI market and the tasiu market. Furthermore, the samples were analyzed at the Laboratory of Fish Quarantine and Quality Control Center (BKIPM) Mamuju, West Sulawesi. The results showed that the largest E.coli content was found in tuna 1 in the TPI market, which was 20 MPN/g, and the smallest E.coli content was < 3 MPN/g, namely scad fish 1 in the tasiu and TPI markets, tuna 1 and 2 in the TPI market, tuna 2 in TPI market.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3062
Author(s):  
Shengxue Zhou ◽  
Xiaosong Zhai ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Wentao Wang ◽  
Loong-Tak Lim ◽  
...  

In this current work, antimicrobial films based on starch, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and a commercially available AgNPs@SiO2 antibacterial composite particle product were produced by using a melt blending and blowing technique. The effects of AgNPs@SiO2 at various loadings (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) on the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities of starch/PBAT composite films were investigated. AgNPs@SiO2 particles were more compatible with starch than PBAT, resulting in preferential distribution of AgNPs@SiO2 in the starch phase. Infusion of starch/PBAT composite films with AgNPs@SiO2 marginally improved mechanical and water vapor barrier properties, while surface hydrophobicity increased as compared with films without AgNPs@SiO2. The composite films displayed superior antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The sample loaded with 1 wt% AgNPs@SiO2 (SPA-1) showed nearly 90% inhibition efficiency on the tested microorganisms. Furthermore, a preliminary study on peach and nectarine at 53% RH and 24 °C revealed that SPA-1 film inhibited microbial spoilage and extended the product shelf life as compared with SPA-0 and commercial LDPE packaging materials. The high-throughput production method and strong antibacterial activities of the starch/PBAT/AgNPs@SiO2 composite films make them promising as antimicrobial packaging materials for commercial application.


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