Bionomic Survey of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Alusi Kelaan and Waturu on 2016

Abstract Background Female mosquitoes serve as vectors for a host of illnesses, including malaria, spread by the Plasmodium parasite. Despite monumental strides to reduce this disease burden through tools such as bed nets, the rate of these gains is slowing. Ongoing disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic may also negatively impact gains. The following scoping review was conducted to examine novel means of reversing this trend by exploring the efficacy of insecticide-treated window screens or eaves to reduce Anopheles mosquito bites, mosquito house entry, and density. Methods Two reviewers independently searched PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases on 10 July, 2020 for peer-reviewed studies using insecticide-treated screens or eaves in malaria-endemic countries. These articles were published in English between the years 2000–2020. Upon collection, the reports were stratified into categories of biting incidence and protective efficacy, mosquito entry and density, and mosquito mortality. Results Thirteen out of 2180 articles were included in the final review. Eaves treated with beta-cyfluthrin, transfluthrin or bendiocarb insecticides were found to produce vast drops in blood-feeding, biting or mosquito prevalence. Transfluthrin-treated eaves were reported to have greater efficacy at reducing mosquito biting: Rates dropped by 100% both indoors and outdoors under eave ribbon treatments of 0.2% transfluthrin (95% CI 0.00–0.00; p < 0.001). Additionally, co-treating window screens and eaves with polyacrylate-binding agents and with pirimiphos-methyl has been shown to retain insecticidal potency after several washes, with a mosquito mortality rate of 94% after 20 washes (95% CI 0.74–0.98; p < 0.001). Conclusions The results from this scoping review suggest that there is value in implementing treated eave tubes or window screens. More data are needed to study the longevity of screens and household attitudes toward these interventions.

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Mosquito Behavior of Mansonia and Anopheles and Its Relationship With the Filariasis Disease in Taniwel Timur District and Taniwel, Seram barat regency

EDU SCIENCES JOURNAL ◽

10.30598/edusciencesvol1iss2pp90-100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 90-100

Author(s):

Johanis F Rehena ◽

Muhammad Nur Matdoan

Keyword(s):

Fish Farming ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

Health Centers ◽

Community Relations ◽

Local Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

Mosquito Behavior ◽

At Home

Mansonia mosquitoes are in endemic forest and swamp areas, dirty environments and unused fish farming areas, Mansonia mosquitoes are aggressive and suck blood when humans are at night, outside the home. Anopheles actively seeks blood during illness and at night. This research uses survey and cross sectional research, it discusses to study mosquitoes, the density of mosquitoes mansonia and anopheles, as well as looking at the development of disease (prevalence) of filariasis. The population in this study is the population and population of mosquito mansonia and anopheles in East Taniwel and Taniwel Districts. Filariasis in Taniwel and East Taniwel Sub-districts, West Seram District was reported in local health centers of around 15 people. The outbreak of filariasis in Taniwel District around 2010-2019. Mansonia bleeds people at home when sick at 18: 00-18: 45. While outside the house at night 20: 00-20: 45. While Anopheles mosquitoes bite humans, at dusk and at night at 16.00-24.00, The peak is 02.00-03.00. The density of mansonia mosquitoes in Sohuwe Village, 4.00 - 5.85, Lumalatal 5.00 - 6.60 and Maloang 4.00-5.50 (moderate), Anopheles in Sohuwe 7.00-9.85, Lumalatal 5.89- 6.82, Maloang 5.00-6.50 (high). The prevalence of filariasis in Sohuwe 0.66, Lumlat 0.88. and Maloang 1.54. There is a relationship between attitudes and community relations with filariasis

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Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Risk factors about Malaria in High Endemic Rural Eastern Tanzania

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41901/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ladslaus Laurent Mnyone ◽

Baraka Mwamundela

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Facility ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Control Measure ◽

Self Medication ◽

Night Time ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

Demographic Risk ◽

Demographic Risk Factors ◽

Malaria Protection

Abstract Background: Understanding area-specific knowledge, attitudes, practices and demographic risk factors towards malaria is becoming critical for designing appropriate awareness and control strategies. Methods: A cohort of respondents from 243 randomly selected households across 3 villages in eastern Tanzania was assessed using a standard questionnaire and direct observation.Results: Fifty-three percent of respondents cited Anopheles mosquitoes that were responsible for transmitting malaria, and 85% of those explicitly cited female Anopheles mosquitoes. The rest (47%) knew that malaria is transmitted by a mosquito but could not name it. Commonly cited mosquito breeding sites were water bodies (75%) and rubbish (24%). Majority (61%) knew that the under-fives were most vulnerable to malaria. ITNs were mostly (64%) cited as a means of malaria control. Commonly cited malaria mosquito entry routes were windows (46%), eave opening (10%) and opening on the walls (4%). Majority (70%) confirmed malaria at the health facility. The rest (30%) relied on symptoms. Majority (96%) preferred modern antimalarials. Seventy-nine percent of the respondents owned at least one ITN. Cooking was done predominantly (77%) outdoors, finished cooking and went to bed after 20:00h. Most (58%) respondents still attended night-time outdoor communal gatherings without malaria protection. Conclusions: The current study indicate that majority of participants were aware that Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for transmitting malaria, they bred in water, under-five children were most vulnerable to malaria, and ITNs constituted the most deployed control measure. Most respondents preferred confirming malaria at the health facility and treatment with modern antimalarials. Yet, the rate of self-diagnosis and self-medication, as well as inappropriate use of bednets requires great improvement. Demographic risk factors for early- and/or outdoor-transmission included night-time outdoor cooking and attending communal gatherings without malaria protection. The findings warrant a subsequent study to show a causal link between night-time outdoor activities, vector biting patterns and malaria prevalence.

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Evaluation of the Larvicidal Potential of the Leaf Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit against Anopheles Mosquitoes

Asian Journal of Research in Zoology ◽

10.9734/ajriz/2018/v1i229676 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Amaka, John I. ◽

Attah, D. Daniel ◽

Obisike, Victor U. ◽

Benedict, Aboje G.

Keyword(s):

Mosquito Control ◽

Larval Instar ◽

Test Organism ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Hyptis Suaveolens ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Layer Chromatography

This study evaluated the larvicidal potential of the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit on the 4th larval instar of laboratory-reared Anopheles spp at varying concentrations of 0.1ml, 0.2ml, 0.3ml, 0.4ml and 0.5ml for specified periods of 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts identified bioactive components like alkaloid, saponin, phenol, anthraquinone and flavonoid. The LC50 and LC90 values obtained indicate that the ethanolic leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit had the greatest toxicity on the test organisms within 24hrs of exposure at median LC50 value of 0.485ml compared to the LC50 value of 0.625ml by its aqueous extract. The relative median potency estimates indicate that within 24 hrs, the ethanolic Hyptis suaveolens Poit was 0.161 times more potent on the test organism than aqueous Hyptis suaveolens Poit. The result of this research, therefore, underscores the efficacy of Hyptis suaveolens Poit as an eco-friendly alternative in Anopheles mosquito control. It is, therefore, recommended that quantitative phytochemical screening, application of column chromatography as well as thin layer chromatography be carried out on the extracts to isolate and purify toxic phytochemicals with larvicidal potentiality.

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