scholarly journals Evaluation of the Larvicidal Potential of the Leaf Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit against Anopheles Mosquitoes

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amaka, John I. ◽  
Attah, D. Daniel ◽  
Obisike, Victor U. ◽  
Benedict, Aboje G.
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Layer Chromatography

This study evaluated the larvicidal potential of the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit on the 4th larval instar of laboratory-reared Anopheles spp at varying concentrations of 0.1ml, 0.2ml, 0.3ml, 0.4ml and 0.5ml for specified periods of 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts identified bioactive components like alkaloid, saponin, phenol, anthraquinone and flavonoid. The LC50 and LC90 values obtained indicate that the ethanolic leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit had the greatest toxicity on the test organisms within 24hrs of exposure at median LC50 value of 0.485ml compared to the LC50 value of 0.625ml by its aqueous extract. The relative median potency estimates indicate that within 24 hrs, the ethanolic Hyptis suaveolens Poit was 0.161 times more potent on the test organism than aqueous Hyptis suaveolens Poit. The result of this research, therefore, underscores the efficacy of Hyptis suaveolens Poit as an eco-friendly alternative in Anopheles mosquito control. It is, therefore, recommended that quantitative phytochemical screening, application of column chromatography as well as thin layer chromatography be carried out on the extracts to isolate and purify toxic phytochemicals with larvicidal potentiality.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Efficacy and GC-MS Analysis of Hyptis suaveolens Leaf Extracts against Anopheles Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Y. D. Dakum ◽  
C. N. Amajoh ◽  
A. Ombugadu ◽  
G. Istifanus ◽  
F. Agwom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract

Mosquitoes are the most important group of insects in terms of public health importance, which transmit serious human diseases. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides to control these mosquitoes causes development of resistance in vector species, and an adverse effect on environmental quality and non-target organisms including human health. Therefore, the use of active toxic agents from plant extracts as alternative mosquito control strategy cannot be over emphasized, as these are non-toxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show target - specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of H. suaveolens against the fourth instars larvae of Anopheles species. Standard WHO protocols was adopted for the larvicidal bioassay. Larvicidal activity was evaluated at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/L. The larval mortality was observed after 24 and 48hours bioassay. The results are mean of three replicates and the mortalities recorded were subjected to chi-square test and probit analysis to determine median lethal concentrations (LC50). TheGC-MS analysis ofthe methanolic leaf extract of the plantrevealed the presence of twelve compounds on the chromatogram. Among the major compounds areOleic Acid (33.33%), Octadecanoic acid (13.52%), 1,3-Cyclohexadiene-1-methanol,alpha.,2,6,6-(10.42%), 1,3-Cyclopentanediol, trans (9.60%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (9.01%) and 4-Hepten-3-one, 4-methyl (7.0%).The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of the plant revealed the presence of Tannins, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Carbohydrates, Cardiac glycoside and resins. The LC50 values estimated were 316.22mg/Lfor methanol extract and 323.59 mg/L for aqueous extract. The differences between the two extracts were however not significantly different at P>0.05. The findings also revealed that mortality was concentration dependent and both extracts showed promising larvicidal activity against Anopheles species larvae. Therefore, the crude leaf extract of the plant is recommended to be used as alternative to synthetic larvicides and further research is needed to test the activity of the plant on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF CALAMUS ROTANG LINN LEAF EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Pallavi Y ◽  
Hemalatha Kpj
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

 Objective: The present study was aimed at phytochemical screening, quantification, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of hexane, chloroform and ethanol leaf extracts of Calamus rotang.Methods: Leaf extracts were prepared according to the polarity of the solvents, i.e., hexane, chloroform, and ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, etc. Quantitative estimation of alkaloids using boldine as standard, phenols using gallic acid as standard, and flavonoids using quercetin as standard were done. HPTLC analysis was done with all three extracts along with quercetin and rutin standards using mobile phase for flavonoids, i.e., 90:10 ratio of chloroform and methanol solvents.Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Hence, quantification was done for these phytochemicals. Alkaloids were present significantly more in hexane leaf extract, i.e., 2.54±0.216mg boldine equivalents/g. Phenols were present significantly more in ethanolic leaf extract, i.e., 49.04±0.364 mg gallic acid equivalents)/g. Flavonoids were present in significant amount in ethanolic leaf extract, i.e., 458.85±5.74 mg quercetin equivalents/g. HPTLC analysis of hexane, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts showed the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, and some unknown flavonoid compounds.Conclusion: Ethanolic leaf extract showed a high amount of phenols and flavonoids. Hence, the extract can be further exploited further for in vitro and in vivo research work.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Leaf Extract Hyptis suaveolens (Bush tea) on Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Collected from Keffi Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
I I Ahmad ◽  
G A Amuga ◽  
R J Ombugadu ◽  
J D C Tongjura ◽  
A A Abdulmalik
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Health Organization

Malaria vector control continues to be a major challenge in -Nigeria. Hyptis suaveolens (Bush tea) is one of the traditionally used mosquitos repellent. The effect of methanolic leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolenson larvae of Anopheles gambiae sampled from Keffi, was conducted following the world Health Organization guidelines for laboratory testing. Samples of the leaf were collected and used for test Procedures. Larvae of A. gambiae were exposed to 50, 100, 150,200, 250 and 0.00(control) mg/ml concentrations of leaf extract for 72 hours. Percentage mortality was calculated by using Abott’s formular and lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by a log dosage probit mortality. The result revealed highest and lowest mortality rate of 25.00 ± 0.00 and 1.66± 0.00 for larvae respectively. There were significant differences at (P<0.05) on the mortality rate on the larvae exposed to different concentrations of the plant extracts. The 72 hours LC50 value leaf extracts on larvae was 52.00mg/ml. The result of this study indicated that Hyptis suaveolens possess larvicidal repellant properties and it should be encouraged to be used in communities at zero expense.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Leaf Extract Hyptis suaveolens (Bush tea) on Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Collected from Keffi Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
I I Ahmad ◽  
G A Amuga ◽  
R J Ombugadu ◽  
J D C Tongjura ◽  
A A Abdulmalik
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Health Organization

Malaria vector control continues to be a major challenge in -Nigeria. Hyptis suaveolens (Bush tea) is one of the traditionally used mosquitos repellent. The effect of methanolic leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolenson larvae of Anopheles gambiae sampled from Keffi, was conducted following the world Health Organization guidelines for laboratory testing. Samples of the leaf were collected and used for test Procedures. Larvae of A. gambiae were exposed to 50, 100, 150,200, 250 and 0.00(control) mg/ml concentrations of leaf extract for 72 hours. Percentage mortality was calculated by using Abott’s formular and lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by a log dosage probit mortality. The result revealed highest and lowest mortality rate of 25.00 ± 0.00 and 1.66± 0.00 for larvae respectively. There were significant differences at (P<0.05) on the mortality rate on the larvae exposed to different concentrations of the plant extracts. The 72 hours LC50 value leaf extracts on larvae was 52.00mg/ml. The result of this study indicated that Hyptis suaveolens possess larvicidal repellant properties and it should be encouraged to be used in communities at zero expense.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Efficacy of Annona muricata (Linn) Leaves against Some Enteric Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Kehinde Yemisi Akinde ◽  
Ebenezer Oluyemi Dada
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms

Aims: This research was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility patterns of some enteric bacteria to aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of Annona muricata leaf. Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Between January, 2019 and May, 2019. Methodology: Extraction of bioactive components of leaves was done by maceration and phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaf extracts to determine the bioactive components present. The bacteria isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using standard methods while the  antibacterial  activity  of  the  plant  extracts on human enteric bacteria was  determined  using  agar well dilution method. A. muricata bark extracts were purified using column chromatography method. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) of the extracts was performed using tube dilution technique. Results: The phytochemical screening of leaf extracts showed presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoid and glycosides. Antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts revealed that aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts had highest zone of inhibition of 22.00±0.58 mm, 24.67±0.33 mm and 24.00±0.58 mm respectively on Salmonella typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for ethanol extract ranged between 25-100 mg/ml and 50-200 mg/ml respectively while methanol extract ranged between 25-50mg/ml and 50-100 mg/ml respectively. Ciprofloxacin (CPX) was significantly (P≤0.5) the most active of all the antibiotics used against the test organisms (both clinical and typed isolates). Conclusion: This research revealed that A. muricata leaf extracts possesses antibacterial activity against human enteric bacteria isolates used in this study. The commercial antibiotics were observed to be effective in inhibiting the test organisms. The purified extracts of A. muricata leaf showed higher inhibitory effect compared to crude extracts which can serve as ingredient for the production of novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of infections caused by enteric bacteria.

Phytochemical screening for identification of bioactive compounds of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) responsible for larvicidal action against Aedes triseriatus Say, 1823 (Diptera : Culicidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Rhitayu Chakraborti ◽  
Probir Kumar Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Aedes Triseriatus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Lc50 Value

Study to assess the larvicidal property of Lantana camara leaves against Aedes triseriatus larvae found that the ethyl acetate extract had profound larvicidal action with the crude extract having a LC50 value of 409.831ppm. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract confirmed the presence of twenty-one compounds out of which beta-caryophyllene covered the highest percentage of the chromatogram area. Further tests with beta-caryophyllene against the mosquito larvae proved it to be the active ingredient of L. Camara with a LC50 value of 104.243ppm.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Isolation of Sinapic Acid from Habenaria intermedia D. Don: A New Chemical Marker for the Identification of Adulteration and Substitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Jaswinder Kaur Virk ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Mukesh Maithani ◽  
Ravindra K. Rawal ◽  
Sanjiv Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Crystalline Powder ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Vriddhi is one of the Rasayana herbs in Ayurveda broadly used in vitality, strengthening Ayurvedic formulations. To fulfill steeply increased demand and declined supply, tubers have been collected in destructive manner resulting in reduced plant population and pushing the plant in Red list of IUCN endangered species. However, manufacturers are using substitutes and other substandard drugs leading to adulteration which puts the importance of therapeutically rich herbal plants at stake. Lack of chemical markers is the main inability of regulatory authorities for not taking any action against this adulteration. Objective: Isolation of chemical marker of plant that can be used as a reference compound for identification of unauthorized substitution. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic and toluene extract of H. intermedia D. Don was done using standard methods followed by column chromatography for the isolation of phytoconstituents. A total of 3004 fractions were collected with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiling and different fractions were pooled. A single compound was isolated and confirmed by chemical test, melting point, spectral analysis and compared with the literature. Results: Phytochemical screening of extracts shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolics. A pure white crystalline powder was isolated by column chromatography which was characterized as 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxycinnamic acid (Sinapic acid) with the help of IR and Mass spectroscopy. Conclusion: This is the first report of Sinapic acid as a novel compound from Vriddhi, Habenaria genus and Orchidaceae family. It can be used as a marker for the identification of unauthorized substitution and adulteration claiming the use of Vriddhi.

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