The Role of Socioeconomic Status in the Relationship Between Career Aspirations and Engagement in Career Exploration

Summary While socioeconomic disparities are among the most fundamental causes of health disparities, socioeconomic status (SES) does not impact health directly. One of the potential mediating factors that link SES and health is health literacy (HL). Yet although HL can be considered a modifiable risk factor of socioeconomic disparities in health, the relationship between SES, HL and health disparities is not well understood. This study reviewed the evidence regarding the mediating role of HL in the relationship between socioeconomic and health disparities. Medline, Cinahl, Embase, PsychInfo, Eric, Web of Science, Google, Google Scholar, Mednar, Doaj and Worldcat were used to retrieve studies that specifically addressed socioeconomic and socio-demographic factors related to low HL levels, as well as the mediating role of HL in the relationship between SES and disparities in health outcomes. Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality. Sixteen published studies were retained for inclusion and content analyzed using the constant comparison method. The review indicates that disadvantaged social and socioeconomic conditions contribute to low HL levels, whereby low SES, and particularly educational attainment, is the most important determinant of HL, and that HL mediates the relationship between SES and health status, quality of life, specific health-related outcomes, health behaviors and use of preventive services. HL can be considered as a modifiable risk factor of socioeconomic disparities in health. Enhancing the level of HL in the population or making health services more accessible to people with low HL may be a means to reach a greater equity in health.

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Association of Health Literacy and Socioeconomic Status with Oral Health Among Older Adults in Ghana: A Moderation Analysis of Social Capital

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/07334648211028391 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 073346482110283

Author(s):

Padmore Adusei Amoah ◽

Adwoa Owusuaa Koduah ◽

Razak M. Gyasi ◽

Kingsley Atta Nyamekye ◽

David R. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

We examined the moderating role of social capital (SC) in the association of socioeconomic status (SES) and health literacy (HL) with oral health (OH) status and the intentions to use OH services (IUOHS) among older Ghanaians. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey ( n = 522) and analyzed using ordinal and binary logistic regressions. Bridging SC moderated the relationship between HL and oral health status ( B = 0. 0.117, p < .05) and the association of SES with IUOHS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.144; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.027, 3.599]). Trust modified the association between HL and IUOHS (AOR = 1.051; 95% CI = [1.014, 3.789]). Bonding SC moderated the association between SES and oral health status (B = 0.180, p < .05). However, bonding SC negatively modified the association between SES and IUOHS (AOR = 0.961; 95% CI = [0.727, 0.997]). Cognitive and structural SC modify the associations of SES and HL with OH and IUOHS.

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Career Exploration and Career Decision-Making Difficulties

Journal of Career Assessment ◽

10.1177/1069072717714540 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 445-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Storme ◽

Pinar Celik

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Career Decision ◽

Career Exploration ◽

Career Decision Making ◽

Creative Self ◽

Career Options ◽

The Relationship ◽

Environmental Exploration

This article investigated the moderating role of creative self-efficacy (CSE) on the relationship between career exploration and career decision-making difficulties among French undergraduate students ( N = 415). Drawing a parallel between the career decision-making process and the notion of creative problem-solving, we reasoned that career exploration without CSE—that is, the confidence in one’s own ability to solve original and complex problems—can be associated with career decision-making difficulties. Our study shows that among students who have low levels of CSE, environmental exploration, and self-exploration regarding career options are respectively associated with dysfunctional beliefs regarding one’s career path and general indecisiveness. We discuss the implications of the results.

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Reproduction and opportunity: A study of dual career, aspirations and elite sports in Danish SportsClasses

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/1012690218789037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 38-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lotte Stausgaard Skrubbeltrang ◽

David Karen ◽

Jens Christian Nielsen ◽

Jesper Stilling Olesen

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Public Schools ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Career Aspirations ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Sports Clubs ◽

The World ◽

Elite Sports

In this article we analyze the patterns of retention in SportsClasses of promising young athletes in Denmark. Since 2005, SportsClasses have provided extra training for potential elite athletes in Grades 7–9 in designated Danish public schools. They were introduced after the Danish Ministry of Culture lowered the age of recruitment for athletes from 15 to 12 in response to increased competition in the world of elite sports. The SportsClasses attempt to balance collaboration between two different organizations: Danish public schools; and sports clubs. Using a survey of the student population in 2013 and a follow-up sample in 2015, we explored the respondents’ social backgrounds and experiences in order to understand their likelihood of retention during the program and their career aspirations. Focusing on socioeconomic status (SES), the role of having parents in elite sports, gender, and type of sport, we studied what key experiences and relationships lead students to abandon or sustain their interest in careers related to sports and how this differed for boys and girls. By applying Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and types of capital, we concluded that the program produced elements of both reproduction and opportunity but that the patterns strongly favored the retention of boys compared to girls. Our findings also suggest that the overlap between school and sport may have lead students from higher SES background to focus on education rather than sports.

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