scholarly journals Effects of Drought and Climate Change on Forest damage and Its Hazard Assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbin Bao ◽  
Jiquan Zhang ◽  
Xingpeng Liu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Yuhai Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Effects Of Drought

scholarly journals Climate change and drought effects on rural income distribution in the Mediterranean: a case study for Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 4353-4389
Author(s):  
S. Quiroga ◽  
C. Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper examines the effects of climate change and drought on agricultural outputs in Spanish rural areas. By now the effects of drought as a response to climate change or policy restrictions have been analyzed through response functions considering direct effects on crop productivity and incomes. These changes also affect incomes distribution in the region and therefore modify the social structure. Here we consider this complementary indirect effect on social distribution of incomes which is essential in the long term. We estimate crop production functions for a range of Mediterranean crops in Spain and we use a decomposition of inequalities measure to estimate the impact of climate change and drought on yield disparities. This social aspect is important for climate change policies since it can be determinant for the public acceptance of certain adaptation measures in a context of drought. We provide the empirical estimations for the marginal effects of the two considered impacts: farms' income average and social income distribution. In our estimates we consider crop productivity response to both bio-physical and socio-economic aspects to analyze long term implications on both competitiveness and social disparities. We find disparities in the adaptation priorities depending on the crop and the region analyzed.

Trading space for time: Assessment of tree habitat shifts under climate change using bioclimatic envelopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Enigl ◽  
Matthias Schlögl ◽  
Christoph Matulla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
The Future ◽  
Forest District

<p>Climate change constitutes a main driver of altering population dynamics of spruce bark beetles (<em>Ips typographus</em>) all over Europe. Their swarming activity as well as development rate are strongly dependent on temperature and the availability of brood trees. Especially over the last years, the latter has substantially increased due to major drought events which led to a widespread weakening of spruce stands. Since both higher temperatures and longer drought periods are to be expected in Central Europe in the decades ahead, foresters face the challenges of maintaining sustainable forest management and safeguarding future yields. One approach used to foster decision support in silviculture relies on the identification of possible alternative tree species suitable for adapting to expected future climate conditions in threatened regions. </p><p>In this study, we focus on the forest district of Horn, a region in Austria‘s north east that is beneficially influenced by the mesoclimate of the Pannonian basin. This fertile yet dry area has been severely affected by mass propagations of <em>Ips typographus</em> due to extensive droughts since 2017, and consequently has suffered from substantial forest damage in recent years. The urgent need for action was realized and has expedited the search for more robust alternative species to ensure sustainable silviculture in the area.</p><p>The determination of suitable tree species is based on the identification of regions whose climatic conditions in the recent past are similar to those that are to be expected in the forest district of Horn in the future. To characterize these conditions, we consider 19 bioclimatic variables that are derived from monthly temperature and rainfall values. Using downscaled CMIP6 projections with a spatial resolution of 2.5 minutes, we determine future conditions in Horn throughout the 21st century. By employing 20-year periods from 2021 to 2100 for the scenarios SSP1-26, SSP2-45, SSP3-70 and SSP5-85,  and comparing them to worldwide past climate conditions, we obtain corresponding bioclimatic regions for four future time slices until the end of the century. The Euclidian distance is applied as measure of similarity, effectively yielding similarity maps on a continuous scale. In order to account for the spatial variability within the forest district, this procedure is performed for the colder northwest and the warmer southeast of the area, individually seeking similar bioclimatic regions for each of these two subregions. Results point to Eastern Europe as well as the Po Valley in northern Italy as areas exhibiting the highest similarity to the future climate in this North-Eastern part of Austria.</p>

Climate-induced migration, women and decision making power in the agricultural wage sector in Saiss, Morocco.

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
D. Najjar ◽  
B. Dhehibi ◽  
B. Baruah ◽  
A. Aw-Hassan ◽  
A. Bentaibi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Stay Behind

Abstract This chapter examines the gendered effects of drought-induced migration in rural Morocco for settler migrants and farmers who stay behind in sending communities. Due to state investments in irrigation, the Saiss plains of Morocco are experiencing rural-rural migration as an adaptive strategy for many who are escaping climate change and unemployment, to take advantage of labor opportunities in agricultural sectors elsewhere. The well-being and decision making power of male and female migrants in receiving communities (Betit and Sidi Slimane) and women staying behind in sending communities (Ain Jemaa) are examined. The chapter begins with a literature review on decision making power, gender, migration, and work in rural areas. Following this, the case study characteristics are presented, which detail how climate change is fueling migration, gender norms in host and sending communities, as well as the gender dynamics in accessing economic opportunities and decision making power. The chapter ends with recommendations to strengthen the women's decision making power as migration continues, with a focus on strengthening landed property ownership for women.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought on Outbreaks of Major Forest Pests, Pine Caterpillars (Dendrolimus spp.), in Shandong Province, China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbin Bao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Siqin Tong ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Aru Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Forestry Production ◽  
Ecological Reconstruction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

As the main defoliators of coniferous forests in Shandong Province, China, pine caterpillars (including Dendrolimus suffuscus suffuscus Lajonquiere, D. spectabilis Butler, and D. tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu) have caused substantial forest damage, adverse economic impacts, and losses of ecosystem resources. Therefore, elucidating the effects of drought on the outbreak of these pests is important for promoting forestry production and ecological reconstruction. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyse the spatiotemporal variation of drought in Shandong Province, using the Standard Precipitation Index, and to investigate the impact of drought on the outbreak of pine caterpillar infestations. Future trends in drought and pine caterpillar populations were then estimated using the Hurst exponent. The results showed that: (1) Drought decreased gradually and showed a wetting trend from 1981 to 2012, with frequency decreasing on a decadal scale as follows: 1980s > 1990s > 2000s > 2010s; (2) The total area of pine caterpillar occurrence decreased strongly from 1992 to 2012; (3) Long-term or prolonged drought had a greater positive impact on pine caterpillar outbreak than short-term drought; (4) In the future, a greater portion of the province’s area will experience increased wetting conditions (57%) than increased drought (43%), and the area of pine caterpillar outbreak is estimated to decrease overall. These findings help elucidate the relationship between drought and pine caterpillar outbreak in Shandong Province and, hence, provide a basis for developing preventive measures and plans.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Drought and Density on Body and Antler Size of Male Iberian Red DeerCervus Elaphus Hispanicus: Climate Change Implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerónimo Torres-Porras ◽  
Juan Carranza ◽  
Javier Pérez-González
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Antler Size ◽  
Effects Of Drought

scholarly journals Large-scale flood hazard assessment under climate change: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 105765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Shadmehri Toosi ◽  
Shahab Doulabian ◽  
Erfan Ghasemi Tousi ◽  
Giancarlo Humberto Calbimonte ◽  
Sina Alaghmand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Hazard Assessment

scholarly journals Multi-hazard assessment in Europe under climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Forzieri ◽  
Luc Feyen ◽  
Simone Russo ◽  
Michalis Vousdoukas ◽  
Lorenzo Alfieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hazard Assessment

scholarly journals Rainfall-intensity effect on landslide hazard assessment due to climate change in north-western Colombian Andes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edier Vicente Aristizábal Giraldo ◽  
Edwin García Aristizábal ◽  
Roberto Marín Sánchez ◽  
Federico Gómez Cardona ◽  
Juan Carlos Guzmán Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Landslide Hazard Assessment ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Colombian Andes ◽  
North Western

Landslides triggered by rainfall are one of the most frequent causes of disasters in tropical countries and mountainous terrains. Recent studies show an upsurge in landslide occurrence as an expected impact of human-induced climate change. This paper presents the analysis and implementation of two different physically-based models, SHALSTAB and TRIGRS, to evaluate the effect of rainfall on landslide hazard assessment in the north-western Colombian Andes. Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves were used in climate change scenarios for different return periods. According to the results, although higher rainfall intensities increase, landslide occurrence does not escalate in a direct or proportional relationship. Considering a steady infiltration process (SHALSTAB), the results show an expansion of d unstable areas, compared with a transient infiltration process (TRIGRS). A greater influence of rainfall duration instead of rainfall intensity was observed. The results highlight the need for studies that incorporate the scenarios of variability and climate change in the hazard assessment and land planning in the long term.

scholarly journals Can Mediterranean terroirs withstand climate change? Case studies at the Alentejo Portuguese winegrowing region

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Lopes ◽  
Joaquim M. Costa ◽  
Ricardo Egipto ◽  
Olfa Zarrouk ◽  
Maria M. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Set Up

Climate change introduced new challenges to vinegrowers in the Mediterranean areas such as the hot and dry winegrowing region of Alentejo, south Portugal. Warmer and drier conditions are harmful for grape yield and berry quality attributes and for vine’s longevity, mainly when optimal thresholds are exceeded. Therefore winegrowers are forced to move from rainfed to irrigated production systems making Alentejo’ wine production strongly based on available water resources for irrigation. This work aims to review and discuss ecophysiological and agronomical data obtained in irrigation trials set up at different terroirs of Alentejo. In the last four decades, classical bioclimatic temperature-based indices showed a significantly positive trend, while the dryness index present a negative trend over time. Furthermore, ecophysiological data collected in deficit irrigation experiments are reviewed and discussed, focusing on the effects of drought and heat stress on vigour, yield and berry composition. Emphasis is given on the indirect effects of leaf senescence on cluster exposure and consequences on berry temperature and composition. In order to promote the sustainability and quality of wine production in these hot and dry terroirs short- to long-term adaptation measures are suggested. The limitations and risks of using deficit irrigation during heat waves are also underlined.

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