scholarly journals Microstructure and Strain Hardening Behaviour of Iron Chromium Alloy Subjected by Severe Plastic Deformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1472-1476
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Iron Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

Microstructure and strain hardening behaviour of iron-chromium alloy subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) have been investigated in grain refinement and deformation routes. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was used in this SPD technique due to their un-change dimension billet. The purpose of this research is to investigate the structure and the strain hardening of iron chromium alloy subjected by ECAP process. The ECAP process was carried by routes A, Bc and C up to four passes at 423 K temperature. The strength of the material was measured by tensile testing with 3 mm gauge length, and the strain hardening behaviour was investigated based on the true stress-strain curve. The effect of the deformation route on microstructure and texture was observed by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis at the normal, transverse and rolling direction. The result showed that route Bc showed the highest strength and ductility of the ECAP processed material compare to other routes due to their 90 degrees rotation of each ECAP passes number. The increased strength of materials was also associated with grain refinement and accumulation dislocation. It concluded that the ECAP process by route Bc could be used for further material treatment and application for industrial purposes.

scholarly journals Effect of Preliminary Deformation on Microstructure and Texture of Iron-Chromium Alloy Prepared by Severe Plastic Deformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1471
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Preliminary Deformation ◽  
Shear Direction ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Sharp Angle ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Iron Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

The effect of preliminary deformation on the microstructure and texture of iron-chromium alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been investigated in grain refinement and inhomogeneity structure. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a well-known SPD process that uses a die channel with a sharp angle. The texture and misorientation map of ECAP processed material was observed electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, providing information on structure evolution. The observation was done in the transverse plane from the middle to the sub-surface. The data logger also records the pressure of the ECAP process. The result showed that the sub-surface has a more deformed structure than the middle due to the die channel's sharp angle and shear direction. The texture exhibited a random orientation after the first pass ECAP process. The stacking fault energy and accumulation dislocation are also associated with this process. Several shear bands can be seen clearly, which is parallel to the shear direction. It concluded that the preliminary deformation by ECAP was effective to promote grain refinement due to their high equivalent strain

scholarly journals Hardness and Microstructure Homogeneity of Pure Copper and Iron-Chromium Alloy Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Iron Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

Hardness and microstructure homogeneity of pure copper and iron-chromium alloy processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) were investigated in grain refinement. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the well-known techniques of the SPD technique due to their up-scale ability and other methods. SPD was applied to pure copper and iron-chromium alloy at comparable temperatures up to four passes. The microstructure and microhardness were observed and measured in the transverse plane for each billet. The homogeneity observation was carried out from the sub-surface until in the middle of the billet. The result showed that the deformed structure appeared adequately after the first pass and had a higher hardness level. The first pass showed a higher inhomogeneity factor than the fourth pass due to the homogeneity microstructure. The hardness also showed homogeneous value along the transverse plane, and it was concluded that ECAP could achieve complete homogeneity in grain refinement

NI-SPAN-C Alloy 902

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Constant Modulus ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Iron Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract N1-SPAN-C alloy 902 is an age-hardenable, nickel-iron-chromium alloy. Its outstanding characteristic is a controllable thermoelastic coefficient. Proper combination of cold work and thermal treatment can produce an essentially constant modulus of elasticity from -50 F to +150 F. The alloy is especially suitable for many types of precision equipment where elastic members are subject to temperature fluctuations. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Fe-32. Producer or source: Huntington Alloy Products Division, An INCO Company.

UNS N09706

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation And Corrosion ◽  
Iron Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract UNS N09706 is a precipitation-hardenable, nickel-iron-chromium alloy with high strength at temperatures to 1200 F and with good resistance to oxidation and corrosion over a broad range of temperatures and environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-368. Producer or source: Nickel and nickel alloy producers.

ACI TYPE CB-30

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract Type CB-30 is an iron-chromium alloy sufficiently high in chromium content to provide excellent resistance to corrosion by nitric acid, alkaline solutions and many organic chemicals. They alloy maintains an essentially ferritic structure. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-315. Producer or source: Stainless steel foundries.

Microstructural Design of an AlMgSi Alloy via ECAP Processing: An Advanced SPD Manufacturing Technique for NC/UFG Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1114 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Nicolae Serban ◽  
Doina Răducanu ◽  
Vasile Danut Cojocaru ◽  
Nicolae Ghiban
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ecap Processing ◽  
Microstructural Design ◽  
Almgsi Alloy

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) has received enormous interest over the last two decades as a method capable of producing fully dense and bulk ultra-fine grained (UFG) and nanocrystalline (NC) materials. Significant grain refinement obtained by SPD leads to improvement of mechanical, microstructural and physical properties. Compared to classical deformation processes, the big advantage of SPD manufacturing techniques, represented in particular by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is the lack of shape-change deformation and the consequent possibility to impart extremely large strain. In ECAP processing, the workpiece is pressed through a die in which two channels of equal cross-section intersect at an angle of ϕ and an additional angle of ψ define the arc of curvature at the outer point of intersection of the two channels. As a result of pressing, the sample theoretically deforms by simple shear and retains the same cross-sectional area to allow repeated pressings for several cycles. A commercial AlMgSi alloy was investigated in our study. The specimens were processed at room temperature for multiple passes, using three different ECAP dies. All samples (ECAP processed and as-received) were subjected to metallographic analysis and mechanical testing. Several correlations between the main processing parameters and the resulting microstructural aspect and mechanical features for the processed material were established. It was shown that severe plastic deformation by means of ECAP processing can be used in aluminum alloys microstructural design as an advanced tool for grain refinement in order to attain the desired microstructure and mechanical properties.

Computation on continuous grain refinement in AA1050 aluminum during repetitive tube expansion and shrinking technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318
Author(s):  
H Jafarzadeh ◽  
K Abrinia
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Half Cycle ◽  
Tube Expansion ◽  
Element Method

The microstructure evolution during recently developed severe plastic deformation method named repetitive tube expansion and shrinking of commercially pure AA1050 aluminum tubes has been studied in this paper. The behavior of the material under repetitive tube expansion and shrinking including grain size and dislocation density was simulated using the finite element method. The continuous dynamic recrystallization of AA1050 during severe plastic deformation was considered as the main grain refinement mechanism in micromechanical constitutive model. Also, the flow stress of material in macroscopic scale is related to microstructure quantities. This is in contrast to the previous approaches in finite element method simulations of severe plastic deformation methods where the microstructure parameters such as grain size were not considered at all. The grain size and dislocation density data were obtained during the simulation of the first and second half-cycles of repetitive tube expansion and shrinking, and good agreement with experimental data was observed. The finite element method simulated grain refinement behavior is consistent with the experimentally obtained results, where the rapid decrease of the grain size occurred during the first half-cycle and slowed down from the second half-cycle onwards. Calculations indicated a uniform distribution of grain size and dislocation density along the tube length but a non-uniform distribution along the tube thickness. The distribution characteristics of grain size, dislocation density, hardness, and effective plastic strain were consistent with each other.

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