scholarly journals Textiles Sector of Pakistan: The Challenge Beyond 2004

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 595-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naheed Zia Khan
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Textiles And Clothing ◽  
The Eu

The world is presently looking forward to embrace the greatest moment of modern history of humankind, turn of the millennium. For Pakistan, however, the millennium celebrations are going to be accompanied by over half a century of missed opportunities and a serious challenge ahead. The focus of this study is Pakistan’s status as a ‘single commodity’ country and the life after 2004 in a post- Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) era. This work intends to use the hindsight to argue that MFA, a cat’s cradle of bilateral textile import quotas, was a blessing in disguise for the value added textiles sector of Pakistan. And the difficulties beyond 2004, when all the quotas have gone, should not be underestimated in a bipolar (NAFTA and the EU) and deregulated world economy . The analysis is carried out in four parts. Part I highlights the economic significance of Pakistan’s textiles industry by briefly analysing its contribution to different sectors of her economy. Part II presents the past, present and future scenario of international trade in Textiles and Clothing (T&C). The present situation of Pakistan’s textiles industry along with its foreign exchange generating performance in the past is assessed in Part III. Finally, Part IV analyses the prospects and challenges faced by the T&C sector of Pakistan.

A Long Stagnation, or Capitalism without Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louçã Francisco ◽  
Ash Michael
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth Prospects

Chapter 11 assesses the growth prospects of the world economy. The history of global economic doomsaying is traced briefly, a frequently reasonable position that has not done well with the facts for the past hundred years. Capitalism has been adept at escaping from the pit and pendulum. A set of global imbalances is then reviewed that are seen as posing a severe threat to global economic stability and certainly to the prospects for sustainable and equitable growth. The Great Recession following the Crash of 2007–8 might be “different this time.” Historical and contemporary fears of “secular stagnation” are discussed but the speculative nature of stagnationist assessments is acknowledged.

scholarly journals Can exports be used as an indicator of technological capabilities of countries?

Geografie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Vlčková
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Product Classification ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
The Eu

During the past 30 years, many emerging economies, especially China, have strengthened their technological and innovative capabilities. Have these countries started to threaten the position of traditional technological leaders? This paper examines whether technological capabilities of an economy can be evaluated based on the goods each economy exports (EXPY). Detailed product classification of exports to the EU in the period between 1984 and 2009 form the underlying data. Further, other data and studies are used to assess the reliability of EXPY. Results show that many emerging economies have significantly increased their technological sophistication; among them exports of Mexico, the Philippines and Malaysia are technologically the most sophisticated. These economies have significant share of foreign value added embodied in exports, though. Therefore, EXPY based on gross exports is not a reliable indicator of technological capabilities of countries and this indicator needs to be combined with other data.

2. The history of EU institutions:

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Renaud Dehousse ◽  
Paul Magnette
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Ideas And Institutions

EU institutions have frequently been reformed since the origins of what is now the European Union (EU), and particularly so over the past twenty years. This chapter explains why and how this quasi-constant change has taken place. It begins by identifying five phases in this history: the founding, consolidation, relaunch, adaptation, and the current phase of reaction to functional challenges. The chapter then assesses the respective weight of state interests, ideas, and institutions in the evolution of EU institutions. In retrospect, institutional change in the EU appears to have followed a functionalist logic, leading to complex compromises that, in turn, prompt regular calls for ‘simplification’ and democratization.

An Assessment of Barbados' Competitiveness within the EU Market 1992-2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Lorde ◽  
Antonio Alleyne ◽  
Brian Francis
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This paper assesses Barbados' competitiveness within the EU market in light of its recent signing of an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU in 2008. Using SITC data from 1992-2006, indices of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) were calculated. We found that Barbados possesses comparative advantages in Live Animals; Raw Sugars, Beet and Cane; and Spirits. However, policies such as the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), stringent sanitary and phytosanitary requirements, onerous rules of origin and non-tariff barriers including technical barriers to trade, threaten to undermine these advantages. These developments strongly suggest that Barbados must move agriculture up the value chain and increase value-added, as well as integrate it more fully with other sectors of its economy. Greater attention must be focused on countries in the EU other than the UK, if full advantage is to be taken of the EPA, as the UK market is already mature. There is evidence that export opportunities to these countries exist in other commodity groups (Fuels, Lubricants, etc.; Animal, Vegetable Oils Fats, Wax; Chemicals, Related Products; Manufactured Goods). When these issues are placed within the context of Barbados' history of weak capacity to take advantage of the market access opportunities available from their trading arrangements, the overarching challenge for Barbados is one of effective market access. This will require, among other things, a capable export promotion agency. The export of non-traditional commodities should be promoted, and greater support, perhaps in the form of incentives, should be provided to large firms that are not yet exporters to encourage them to look beyond the domestic market.

The World Economy

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 8-33
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Cyclical Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Risks of a US driven slowdown in world activity have receded in the past few months, as US consumer demand remains robust. However, a worsened outlook for Germany and Japan suggests that the recovery will be more gradual than previously anticipated, in part as a consequence of the strengthening of the euro and the yen against the dollar in recent months. We estimate that world growth recorded a modest improvement in 2002, rising to 2.7 per cent from 2.2 per cent in 2001. However, regional cyclical variation increased last year. While 2001 saw a sharp slowdown in growth across all the major regions of the world, with the world's three largest economies recording outright recessions, growth accelerated last year in the US, China and Dynamic Asia, but slowed further in the EU, Japan and South America.

scholarly journals Reconciliation: The Institutionalization of Memory in Post-Yugoslav Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Tjaša Konovšek
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ongoing Project ◽  
The Eu

Abstract For Slovenian society the turning point in 1989 meant many things: the making of a new state, a transition to a new political and economic system, but also a new dimension of remembrance. The democratization process that started in the late 1980s and continued in the 1990s was deeply interwoven with the reconfiguration of public remembrance and the legitimation of the nascent Slovenian state. This resulted in a long and still ongoing project of reconciliation (sprava), a process of surpassing the divisions in society caused by the injustices and crimes committed by the Communist leadership in the previous decades. Its goal seems simple: to reach a point where history will no longer be a source of division in politics and where a relative unity could be established within the society. As it moves away from the discussion of the disputed past itself, this article focuses on the history of the concept of reconciliation and the state's subsequent memorial policy of the last three decades. The development of the concept entails changes in the understanding of the past after two major political shifts: after 1990, when Slovenia became an independent state; and again after 2004, when it joined the European Union (EU). The identification of these shifts is based on the changes in the content of political and public debates. I propose that the Slovenian reconciliation between 1990 and 2004 be regarded as a specific element of the period from the end of communism until the Slovenian accession to the EU (transition), during which the political system changed.

scholarly journals Can Ireland’s emigration past inform the

Chimera ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2012/2013) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Irial Glynn
Keyword(s):  
European Country ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Migration Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integration Problems ◽  
The Eu

No other European country has experienced such high and sustained levels of emigration per capita over the past two centuries as Ireland, with over 10 million having left the island between 1800 and 2000. Since the late 1990s and especially after the expansion of the EU in 2004, Ireland has received an unprecedented number of immigrants. According to the 2011 census, almost 17 percent of the Republic of Ireland’s population was born outside the state and over 12 percent held a different nationality. Thus far, the Irish state has taken a laissez-faire approach to incorporating immigrants into Irish society. To offset some of the integration problems that have developed in other Western European countries that welcomed sizeable amounts of immigrants in earlier decades, this paper argues that Ireland’s extensive history of emigration might be a useful tool to help the country include its increasingly large immigrant community because of the similar migration experience that both communities have encountered in their transnational pasts.

scholarly journals The Position of Sub-Saharan Countries in the World Economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Boris Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Export ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Most of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa belong to the most underdeveloped and poorest countries in the world economy. This region consists of forty-nine countries but at world GDP, world export, world import and inflow of foreign direct investment share only by small percent. There are some positive facts in the recent history of sub- Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa has grown faster than the world economy in the past ten years. The predictions are also positive. There is an expectation of another growth till the 2020. If the sub-Saharan countries want to keep the growth in the future they have to invest to infrastructure, in educational system, in research and science to make their economies more competitive.

scholarly journals Jay R. Mandle. Globalisation and the Poor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. x+157 pages. Paperback. £ 12.95.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
World War I ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
World War ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The issue of globalisation of the world economy has taken centre-stage in discussions relating to the process of economic development and the distribution of income between the developed and developing countries. Although these are many current concerns, globalisation as such has occurred at different points in recorded human history of the past several thousand years. The Roman Empire, for instance, is quoted as one of the earlier examples of globalisation. More recently, the period leading up to World War I saw an increasingly integrated world economy under British Imperial rule. The most recent attempt at globalisation started in the late 1970s and continues to the present day.

scholarly journals “… the ruins of Europe in back of me.” Jan Klata’s Shakespeare and the European condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Titus Andronicus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Liberal Attitude ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heiner Müller ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Identity Problems ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Jan Klata’s Shakespearean productions are famous for his liberal attitude to the text, innovative sets and locations, and a strong contemporary context. His 2004 H., a Teatr Wybrzeże production performed in the Gdańsk Shipyard, reaches to the Polish history of the eighties (the importance of Solidarity and the fall of communism) to comment on the state of the democratic Poland twenty years later. The 2012 Titus Andronicus, a coproduction of Teatr Polski in Wrocław and Staatsschauspiel Dresden, explores the impact of historical traumas on national prejudice and relations within the new Europe. The 2013 Hamlet with Schauspielhaus Bochum again tries to diagnose the contemporary condition and is again deeply rooted in a specific geopolitical context. Discussing both Titus Andronicus and Hamlet, I would like to explore Klata’s formula of working with Shakespeare. Primarily, he takes advantage of the fact that Shakespeare’s texts are not simply source texts but hypertexts with multiple layers of meanings accumulated over the centuries of circulation, production and adaptation. Perhaps similarly to Heiner Müller, whose plays he willingly incorporates in his productions, Klata anatomizes the plays and then radically reconstructs them using other texts, literary and paraliterary. What Klata eventually puts on stage is a hybrid that is rooted in the Shakespearean hypertexts but also heavily draws from historical, cultural and political contexts, and that is relevant to him as the director and to the particular specificities of the venues, theatres and companies he works with. The hybridized and contextualized Shakespeare becomes for Klata a way to comment on current issues that he sees as vital, like dealing with the burden of the past, confronting the reality of the present, or understanding and expressing national identity, problems that are at once universal and specific for a person living in the EU in the twenty first century.

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