The Invitation to the Dance. An intertextual reassessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 419-463
Author(s):  
Julia Habetzeder
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
Model Image ◽  
Female Type ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Group Compositions ◽  
Reconstructed Model ◽  
Scholarly Attention

With its original manifestation generally dated to c. 150 BC, the Invitation to the Dance is a textbook example of Hellenistic sculpture. But despite much scholarly attention there is still no consensus as to what motif the sculpture group depicts. Inspired by intertextual theory, this study catalogues and re-examines 35 sculptures of the female figure and 34 sculptures of the satyr. The article focuses on preserved sculptures, rather than a reconstructed model image. Variations of the repeated forms are highlighted as significant for the interpretation of the types. The reading of the Invitation to the Dance thus put forward suggests that the group composition displays the moment after the satyr has pulled the female’s garment down from her upper body. It is furthermore emphasized that both satyr and female figure were at times—perhaps even predominately—displayed as solitary figures. The satyr’s foot-clapper is suggested to have been included primarily in instances where the satyr was displayed on his own. Sculptures of the female figure fending off —though not touching—an intrusive companion could have been paired with other Dionysian figures as well, a practice that might be reflected in sculptures that show this female type in other group compositions.

scholarly journals Optimizing turn-taking in interpreter-mediated therapy: on the importance of the interpreter’s speaking space

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Vranjes ◽  
Hanneke Bot
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
The Past ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Therapeutic Counseling ◽  
Scholarly Attention

This paper highlights two types of turn-taking problems that can occur in dialogue interpreting within the context of mental healthcare. Although interpreting in mental health care has received some scholarly attention over the past two decades, the multimodal dimension of such encounters has not been investigated in detail so far.Based on a dataset of video recorded psychotherapeutic sessions with refugees, the study aims to show how interpreters deal with turn-taking issues during the conversation and how this affectsboth their ownrolein the encounter and the interaction itself. Both verbal and nonverbal behavior (gaze orientation and gestures) were taken into account. The data were analyzed qualitatively by drawing on the insights from Conversation Analysis (CA). The analysis suggests that problems may arise when the interpreter is not able to negotiate the moment of turn transfer or his/her turn space during the talk.Such problems in the coordination of turn-taking with the interpreter can even result in loss of information. We argue that turn-taking in therapeutic counseling with an onsite interpreter is a collaborative achievement between both speakers and the interpreter, and that acknowledging the interpreter as a co-participant with rights for speaking space supports the interpreting process.

Rhythmical eye-head-torso rotation alters fore-aft head stabilization during treadmill locomotion in humans*

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Nicole Paquet ◽  
Douglas G.D. Watt ◽  
Luc Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
The Moment

A repetitive manoeuvre called torso rotation (TR) is known to temporarily reduce the gain of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex by 10–15% consists of a series of rhythmical rotations of the eyes, head and upper body executed continuously for 30 minutes while standing. Our aim was to investigate whether TR affects the ability to hold the head in a fixed fore-aft position relative to space while walking on a treadmill with eyes closed. Ten healthy subjects stood in a carefully standardized position on a stationary treadmill. The treadmill started unexpectedly and ran for 4 s at 29 cm/s. The test stimulus was a linear acceleration in the fore-aft direction at the moment of treadmill start-up. Linear head position (i.e., ability to stabilize the head) was measured during and following the stimulus. A mechanical system prevented head rotation. Two series of 60 trials were performed before TR (control 1 and control 2 series) and one after TR. Before TR, subjects drifted rearward at an average drift velocity ± S.D. = 3.1 ± 0.9 cm / s. This drift was reasonably stable over time within and between the two control series. After TR, head holding ability was further impaired, with subjects having more difficulty to stabilize their head after treadmill start-up. In the first 10 trials after the arrest of TR, the average drift velocity was significantly larger than before TR ( 6.1 ± 1.5 cm / sec, p < 0.01). Recovery to control values followed a roughly exponential time course, with 67% impairs the ability to sense and/or respond to fore-aft linear accelerations of the head following treadmill start-up in the absence of vision.

scholarly journals How group composition affects cooperation in fixed networks: Can psychopathic traits influence group dynamics?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Testori ◽  
RB Hoyle ◽  
Hedwig Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Group Compositions

© 2019 The Authors. Static networks have been shown to foster cooperation for specific cost-benefit ratios and numbers of connections across a series of interactions. At the same time, psychopathic traits have been discovered to predict defective behaviours in game theory scenarios. This experiment combines these two aspects to investigate how group cooperation can emerge when changing group compositions based on psychopathic traits. We implemented a modified version of the Prisoner's Dilemma game which has been demonstrated theoretically and empirically to sustain a constant level of cooperation over rounds. A sample of 190 undergraduate students played in small groups where the percentage of psychopathic traits in each group was manipulated. Groups entirely composed of low psychopathic individuals were compared with communities with 50% high and 50% low psychopathic players, to observe the behavioural differences at the group level. Results showed a significant divergence of the mean cooperation of the two conditions, regardless of the small range of participants' psychopathy scores. Groups with a large density of high psychopathic subjects cooperated significantly less than groups entirely composed of low psychopathic players, confirming our hypothesis that psychopathic traits affect not only individuals' decisions but also the group behaviour. This experiment highlights how differences in group composition with respect to psychopathic traits can have a significant impact on group dynamics, and it emphasizes the importance of individual characteristics when investigating group behaviours.

scholarly journals How group composition affects cooperation in fixed networks: Can psychopathic traits influence group dynamics?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Testori ◽  
RB Hoyle ◽  
Hedwig Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Group Compositions

© 2019 The Authors. Static networks have been shown to foster cooperation for specific cost-benefit ratios and numbers of connections across a series of interactions. At the same time, psychopathic traits have been discovered to predict defective behaviours in game theory scenarios. This experiment combines these two aspects to investigate how group cooperation can emerge when changing group compositions based on psychopathic traits. We implemented a modified version of the Prisoner's Dilemma game which has been demonstrated theoretically and empirically to sustain a constant level of cooperation over rounds. A sample of 190 undergraduate students played in small groups where the percentage of psychopathic traits in each group was manipulated. Groups entirely composed of low psychopathic individuals were compared with communities with 50% high and 50% low psychopathic players, to observe the behavioural differences at the group level. Results showed a significant divergence of the mean cooperation of the two conditions, regardless of the small range of participants' psychopathy scores. Groups with a large density of high psychopathic subjects cooperated significantly less than groups entirely composed of low psychopathic players, confirming our hypothesis that psychopathic traits affect not only individuals' decisions but also the group behaviour. This experiment highlights how differences in group composition with respect to psychopathic traits can have a significant impact on group dynamics, and it emphasizes the importance of individual characteristics when investigating group behaviours.

The Court and the Old Dominion: Judicial Review Among the Virginia Jeffersonians

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Constitutional Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Over the past 30 years, a growing amount of scholarly attention has been paid to forms of constitutional interpretation other than judicial review, ranging from departmentalism to explicitly removing judicial review from the court's purview. As many of these works have recognized, such skepticism is not new, but has a strong historical tradition. What has not often been noted, however, is that differing conceptions of judicial review—even opposition to judicial oversight of legislative actions—existed nearly from the moment thatMarbury v. Madisonwas decided. This article examines some of these divergent opinions on judicial review in the Early Republic by studying how it was perceived by the Old Republicans, the conservative faction of the Virginia Jeffersonians.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding the optimisation of the spike in modern volleyball

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Hans-Eric Reitmayer ◽  
Sorin Grădinaru
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Accelerated Motion ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Vertical Leap ◽  
The Moment

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse in detail the aspects regarding increased efficiency of the spike in the game of volleyball, given the requirements of a flawless technique that will maximize the potential of the players. Our intention was to verify whether the steps of approach are unfolding in a uniformly accelerated motion and are leading to a vertical leap in the desired parameters at the moment of take off. We also wanted to check if the range of upper body motion is a determinant in the efficiency of the spike consisting in a high striking point and a remakable hitting force. Material and methods: The video footage was obtained from 6 players of “U” Timisoara's volleyball team and 6 international players. For the analysis and processing of the footage the program Kinovea was used and the following parameters were assessed: striking speed(m/s), range of motion (cm and °), flexion between arm and forearm, angle of arm with the vertical at contact, movement speed for the first, second and third approach steps. Results: The international subjects had a 12 cm longer path of the hand in striking motion. Given the shorter segments of “U” Timisoara's players, they compensate by having a 2° larger range of motion, above the elite players. We recorded diferent angles of the spiking arm with the vertical for the 2 groups, namely a mean of 24.5° for the elite players and just 15° for the players of “U” Timisoara. These aspects lead to a striking speed 3m/s higher for the international spikers compared to “U” Timisoara sportsmen. Having measured a uniformly accelerated approach for the international subjects, “U” Timisoara's players don't respond to the same requirement with close values of the second and third step of approach.

scholarly journals Humanization and policy support: A replication-extension on group-composition framing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Findor ◽  
Matej Hruška ◽  
Roman Hlatky ◽  
Alexa Dvorská ◽  
Tomáš Hrustič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Unitary Groups ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Group Compositions ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Different Levels

Evaluations of beneficiary groups matter for individual levels of policy support. A variety of cues and heuristics shape evaluations. One particularly consequential heuristic concerns the beneficiary’s perceived level of humanity. Recent work shows that individuals, individuals within groups (group compositions), and unitary groups evoke different levels of perceived humanity, and that these differences have downstream effects on sympathy and willingness to help. We replicate these findings, and then extend them to government policy support. We find that individuals and group compositions evoke higher levels of support than groups, and that perceived humanity explains this effect. We focus on the Roma, a tough, critical test given pervasive dehumanization and anti-Roma prejudice. Finally, we demonstrate the value of cross-disciplinary extension-replications.

scholarly journals How group composition affects cooperation in fixed networks: Can psychopathic traits influence group dynamics?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Testori ◽  
RB Hoyle ◽  
Hedwig Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Group Compositions

© 2019 The Authors. Static networks have been shown to foster cooperation for specific cost-benefit ratios and numbers of connections across a series of interactions. At the same time, psychopathic traits have been discovered to predict defective behaviours in game theory scenarios. This experiment combines these two aspects to investigate how group cooperation can emerge when changing group compositions based on psychopathic traits. We implemented a modified version of the Prisoner's Dilemma game which has been demonstrated theoretically and empirically to sustain a constant level of cooperation over rounds. A sample of 190 undergraduate students played in small groups where the percentage of psychopathic traits in each group was manipulated. Groups entirely composed of low psychopathic individuals were compared with communities with 50% high and 50% low psychopathic players, to observe the behavioural differences at the group level. Results showed a significant divergence of the mean cooperation of the two conditions, regardless of the small range of participants' psychopathy scores. Groups with a large density of high psychopathic subjects cooperated significantly less than groups entirely composed of low psychopathic players, confirming our hypothesis that psychopathic traits affect not only individuals' decisions but also the group behaviour. This experiment highlights how differences in group composition with respect to psychopathic traits can have a significant impact on group dynamics, and it emphasizes the importance of individual characteristics when investigating group behaviours.

scholarly journals Mammalian spinal biomechanics: postural support in seated macaques

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (12) ◽  
pp. 1703-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianna Gal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Postural Support ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Moment

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the ligamentous lumbar vertebral column of a macaque could potentially provide passive mechanical support to the weight of the head, upper body and forelimbs during upright sitting. The seated flexed curvature of the lumbar spine of Macaca sylvana was estimated from a photograph and was partitioned equally among the lumbar—lumbar intervertebral joints. This flexed curvature was compared with the hyper-extended profile of the unloaded excised ligamentous spine of a related species (Macaca fascicularis) and used to calculate changes in intervertebral angle from the unloaded excised state to the loaded in vivo state. Changes in intervertebral angle were then used to calculate the net flexion moment required to bend the spine from the unloaded curvature to the seated curvature. The moment arm of the ventrally displaced weight of the head, upper body and forelimbs was estimated and used to calculate a corresponding net force. It was found that this force corresponded to approximately 18 % of the total body weight of the 2.34 kg sample animal. This compares with a likely fractional body weight of approximately 30-40 % for the head, upper body and forelimbs of these primates. Therefore, approximately half of the ventral flexion moment associated with the combined weight of the head, upper body and forelimbs during sitting in these animals may be supported by the passive mechanical properties associated with the ligamentous lumbar spine. This represents a potential means of relieving muscular effort and saving metabolic energy.

scholarly journals How group composition affects cooperation in fixed networks: can psychopathic traits influence group dynamics?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Testori ◽  
Rebecca B. Hoyle ◽  
Hedwig Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Group Compositions

Static networks have been shown to foster cooperation for specific cost–benefit ratios and numbers of connections across a series of interactions. At the same time, psychopathic traits have been discovered to predict defective behaviours in game theory scenarios. This experiment combines these two aspects to investigate how group cooperation can emerge when changing group compositions based on psychopathic traits. We implemented a modified version of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game which has been demonstrated theoretically and empirically to sustain a constant level of cooperation over rounds. A sample of 190 undergraduate students played in small groups where the percentage of psychopathic traits in each group was manipulated. Groups entirely composed of low psychopathic individuals were compared with communities with 50% high and 50% low psychopathic players, to observe the behavioural differences at the group level. Results showed a significant divergence of the mean cooperation of the two conditions, regardless of the small range of participants’ psychopathy scores. Groups with a large density of high psychopathic subjects cooperated significantly less than groups entirely composed of low psychopathic players, confirming our hypothesis that psychopathic traits affect not only individuals’ decisions but also the group behaviour. This experiment highlights how differences in group composition with respect to psychopathic traits can have a significant impact on group dynamics, and it emphasizes the importance of individual characteristics when investigating group behaviours.

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