scholarly journals Humanization and policy support: A replication-extension on group-composition framing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Findor ◽  
Matej Hruška ◽  
Roman Hlatky ◽  
Alexa Dvorská ◽  
Tomáš Hrustič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Unitary Groups ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Group Compositions ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Different Levels

Evaluations of beneficiary groups matter for individual levels of policy support. A variety of cues and heuristics shape evaluations. One particularly consequential heuristic concerns the beneficiary’s perceived level of humanity. Recent work shows that individuals, individuals within groups (group compositions), and unitary groups evoke different levels of perceived humanity, and that these differences have downstream effects on sympathy and willingness to help. We replicate these findings, and then extend them to government policy support. We find that individuals and group compositions evoke higher levels of support than groups, and that perceived humanity explains this effect. We focus on the Roma, a tough, critical test given pervasive dehumanization and anti-Roma prejudice. Finally, we demonstrate the value of cross-disciplinary extension-replications.

Relative Policy Support and Coincidental Representation

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Enns
Keyword(s):  
Party Identification ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Different Levels

The finding that the preferences of middle-income Americans are ignored when they diverge from the preferences of the rich is one of the most widely accepted and influential conclusions in political science research today. I offer a cautionary note regarding this conclusion. I demonstrate that even on those issues for which the preferences of the wealthy and those in the middle diverge, policy ends up about where we would expect if policymakers represented the middle class and ignored the affluent. This result emerges because even when middle- and high-income groups express different levels of support for a policy (i.e., a preference gap exists), the policies that receive the most (least) support among the middle typically receive the most (least) support among the affluent (i.e., relative policy support is often equivalent). As a result, the opportunity of unequal representation of the “average citizen” is much less than previously thought. The analysis also shows, however, that substantial opportunity exists for unequal representation of strong partisan preferences. Together, these results reinforce the importance of party identification for understanding policy outcomes and who gets represented.

How to Compare the Incomparable: An International Comparison of the Impact of Housing Costs on Levels of Social Assistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kuivalainen
Keyword(s):  
Social Assistance ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Different Levels

This article analyses the importance of housing costs in cross-national comparisons of social assistance. The article explores the model family technique, the most commonly used method of comparing levels of support, and analyses the impact of housing costs on outcomes. The importance of housing costs is assessed by using different definitions of disposable income, by comparing the level of social assistance without, before and after housing costs. Three different rent levels are specified in order to evaluate the impact of housing costs and seven different family types are considered in the analysis. The countries used for comparison are Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, during the late 1990s. The findings show that housing costs have an impact on outcomes in social assistance: when housing costs are disregarded, the differences between countries are greater. The outcomes vary with different calculations of disposable income: the relative value of assistance between countries and families varies, and the ranking of countries is also altered. Different levels of housing costs have a similar impact, showing changes in the relative position of countries. Overall the findings show that taking housing costs into account makes a difference.

scholarly journals Policy Forum: Future Workforce Models—Enabling the Shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-574
Author(s):  
Guy Jason ◽  
Shivani Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Formal Policy ◽  
Policy Forum

Embracing remote work, either fully or partially, allows employers to offer the flexibility that many employees are seeking and also to benefit from various cost savings. As organizations embark on this journey, there are many tax and payroll considerations that should be reviewed up front so that risks relating to non-compliance can be mitigated. What are these corporate tax and payroll considerations? Can a formal policy help to mitigate compliance risks? What are other considerations besides tax and payroll? Should government policy support this workforce shift? This article summarizes the various considerations in developing an organizational remote work policy and concludes that, as is the case for any other business strategy, remote work arrangements have their benefits provided that the associated complexity and costs can be effectively managed.

Heterogeneity among Young People Neither in Employment Nor in Education in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 688 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamille Sales Dias ◽  
Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Socioeconomic Heterogeneity ◽  
Education In Brazil ◽  
Different Levels

We examined the diverse composition of young people aged 15–29 in Brazil who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET). The analysis shows the Brazilian NEET population’s main characteristics by analyzing data from the 2014 National Household Sample Survey. The findings confirm significant socioeconomic heterogeneity in group composition, which allows identification of subgroups with different levels of social vulnerability. A considerable proportion of these young people are in this status due to structural issues and social inequality, and for another significant portion of cases, NEET status is not a problem in itself. Therefore, especially in Latin America where demographic transitions have resulted in large economically active populations, investigations of youth inactivity and risk of social exclusion among this group are warranted.

Evaluating Student's Perceptions of Online Counselor for Independent Language Learning

2006 ◽  
pp. 278-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Student's Perceptions ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Online Counselor

This chapter outlines theOnline Counselor computer program, which has been designedto assist students in planning and organizing their learning using appropriateresources, and evaluating their work. Based on the results of a study implemented forstudents who lack previous independent learning experience, it argues thatOnlineCounselor is effective in guiding their learning and developing their initiative,responsibility, self-awareness and independence in language learning while giving aconsiderable amount of freedom to them in performing tasks. Furthermore, the authorargues that different levels of support are important if online learning is intended toplay a major role in curriculum and teaching programs. Online independent languagelearning is best achieved by developing both learner and teacher autonomy andproviding extensive teacher development activities that encourage instructors toadopt self-reflective attitudes.

Public consultation and participation in Belgium: directly engaging citizens beyond the ballot box?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Van Damme ◽  
Vincent Jacquet ◽  
Nathalie Schiffino ◽  
Min Reuchamps
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Different Levels

In Belgium, as in many other countries, there is a growth of diverse types of public inquiries and public consultation arrangements in policy-making. The rationales behind these consultation processes differ as to perspectives on democracy. Some inquiries and consultations are conceived from an instrumental perspective from which it is believed that engaging citizens in policy analysis has something tangible to contribute, by for instance enriching knowledge of specific policy problems, or by fostering policy support necessary for implementing solutions. From a more substantive view on democracy, citizens’ inquiries are rooted in participative and deliberative democracy, and are expected to contribute to legitimacy. In this chapter, the authors analyze the variety of public inquiries and consultation arrangements in Belgium at different levels of government, with a view to clarifying the public’s role in policy making and policy analysis beyond the ballot box.

Primitive forms of Response to the Matrices Test

1953 ◽  
Vol 99 (416) ◽  
pp. 374-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Old People ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
Primitive Forms ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
Different Levels

I. Problem and Method.Recent work on the psychology of intelligence and thinking suggests that perceptual types of intelligence tests are inadequate for dealing with psychiatric cases, young children, old people, mental defectives, and primitive peoples. The argument is that, in these groups, intellectual processes have either deteriorated from or failed to develop to that level with which most perceptual intelligence tests are concerned. The methods of scoring also assume that the correct answers are always reached in the same way, but this is by no means always the case, as Goldstein and Scheerer (1941, p. 14) have pointed out. The studies of Werner (1948), Piaget (1951), Goldstein (1940), Hanfmann and Kasanin (1942), Rapaport (1951), Moursy (1952) et al. show convincing evidence that cognition can take place at different “levels.” The exact determination of the number, nature, and scope of the different levels remains a task for the future, since the present situation is confused, to say the least.

scholarly journals Government Policies To Improve Tobacco Farmers Business Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Hezron Sabar Rotua Tinambunan ◽  
Hananto Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Business Results ◽  
Banking Institutions

Warehouse Receipt System suggest the potential that can be utilized on the implementation of the Warehouse Receipt System primarily in support of the financing, the minimization of price fluctuations, increase farmers’ income, credit mobilization, improvement of product quality and so on. However, implementation of warehouse receipt system in the agricultural sector is still faced a number of obstacles including transaction costs, inconsistencies in the quantity and quality of agricultural products, the lack of support banking institutions, and the still weak farmer institutions. With institutional farmers are not organized properly, the rules of the warehouse receipt system is still seen as too complicated so that the necessary simplification of procedures so that the warehouse receipt system could be used by farmers. In addition, the socialization of the Warehouse Receipt System and conducive government policy support will be an important factor so that the warehouse receipt system can be implemented optimally.

scholarly journals Extending Dual Arc Consistency

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 781-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nagarajan ◽  
S. D. Goodwin ◽  
A. Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Dual Representation ◽  
Local Consistency ◽  
Arc Consistency ◽  
Binary Constraint ◽  
Binary Compatibility ◽  
The Given ◽  
Different Levels

Many extensions to existing binary constraint satisfaction algorithms have been proposed that directly deal with nonbinary constraints. Another choice is to perform a structural transformation of the representation of the problem, so that the resulting problem is a binary CSP except that now the original constraints which were nonbinary are replaced by binary compatibility constraints between relations. A lot of recent work has focussed on comparing different levels of local consistency enforceable in the nonbinary representation with the dual representation. In this paper we present extensions to the standard dual encoding that can compactly represent the given CSP using an equivalent dual encoding that contains all the original solutions to the CSP, using constraint coverings. We show how enforcing arc consistency in these constraint covering based encodings, strictly dominates enforcement of generalized arc consistency (GAC) on the primal nonbinary encoding.

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