scholarly journals Bioactive chemical constituents, acute toxicity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of Polyalthia longifolia root

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 018-026
Author(s):  
Charles Akhadelor Unuigbe ◽  
Chinem Fumi Unula ◽  
Anthony Aiwonegbe ◽  
Jeremiah Ogboma Uadia ◽  
Isaac Akhigbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

Polyalthia longifolia (masquerade tree) is a plant which is believed to possess varied pharmacological and therapeutic values among different populations. The present report investigated the phytochemical composition, proximate, acute toxicity and antioxidant potential of P. longfolia root. All analyses were carried out using established methods; the antioxidant activity of the crude methanol extract and its fractions (n-hexane and ethyl acetate) were examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay while the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu and the aluminum chloride calibration methods respectively. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and protein in aqueous extract. The proximate analysis showed moisture content, total ash, alcohol extractive value, water extractive value, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash at 8.80, 9.35, 3.28, 3.29, 2.27 and 7.29% respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant property compared to the n-hexane fraction and crude methanol extract in all assays conducted. Also, the methanol fraction was found to have the highest flavonoids and phenolic content among the extract and fractions. Oral administration of crude methanol extract of P. longifolia to Swiss mice was relatively non-toxic at a maximum dose of 5000 mg/kg. The root extract and fractions of P. longifolia indicated moderately high level of some phytochemicals with outstanding radical scavenging activity, and therefore substantiate its use as a conventional and comparatively non-toxic plant antioxidant.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity in Rheum emodi Wall (Himalayan Rhubarb)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Sang Koo Park ◽  
Yoon Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Abts Assay ◽  
Ic50 Values

Using natural products as antioxidant agents has been beneficial to replace synthetic products. Efforts have been made to profile the antioxidant capacities of natural resources, such as medicinal plants. The polyphenol content of Himalayan rhubarb, Rheum emodi wall, was measured and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS+ assay, and the oxidative stress was assessed using SOD enzymatic assay. Five different solvent fractions, n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and water, were used for screening the antioxidant capacity in effort to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The total phenolic contents for R. emodi fractions ranged from 27.76 to 209.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight. DPPH and ABTS+ assay results are presented into IC50 values, ranged from 21.52 to 2448.79 μg/mL and 90.25 to 1718.05 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among other fractions. Also, n-butanol and water fractions showed significantly lower IC50 values than the positive control in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of SOD assay of fractions ranged from 2.31 to 64.78 μg/mL. A similar result was observed with ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest SOD radical scavenging activity. The study suggests that the ethyl acetate fraction of R. emodi possess the strongest antioxidant activity, thus the most efficient in extracting antioxidant contents. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was shown between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity screening assays. The compounds related to the antioxidant activity of R. emodi were identified to myricitrin, myricetin 3-galloyl rhamnoside, and myricetin, which have not been reported in studies about R. emodi before.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Wampee (Clausena lansium(Lour.) Skeels) Peel

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nagendra Prasad ◽  
Jing Hao ◽  
Chun Yi ◽  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
Shengxiang Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activities

Antioxidant activities of wampee peel extracts using five different solvents (ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were determined by using in-vitro antioxidant models including total antioxidant capability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and superoxide scavenging activity. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions, even higher than synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). In addition, the EAF exhibited strong anticancer activities against human gastric carcinoma (SGC-7901), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG-2) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A-549) cancer cell lines, higher than cisplatin, a conventional anticancer drug. The total phenolic content of wampee fraction was positively correlated with the antioxidant activity. This is the first report on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the wampee peel extract. Thus, wampee peel can be used potentially as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants and a possible pharmaceutical supplement.

scholarly journals Effects of solvent extraction system on antioxidant activity of Lamium purpureum L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Slavica Grujic ◽  
Ana Dzamic ◽  
Violeta Mitic ◽  
Vesna Stankov-Jovanovic ◽  
P.D. Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Scavenging Activity

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of aerial parts of Lamium purpureum L. was determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and TRP assays. Contents of flavonoids and phenols were also investigated. The total phenolic content in the extracts, determined using Folin?Ciocalteu assay, ranged between 8.57 to 128.00 mg GAE/g d.e. while concentrations of flavonoids in the extracts varied from 24.20 to 39.80 mg QuE/g d.e. The highest phenolic content was found in methanol extract (128.00 mg GAE/g d.e.). The highest content of total flavonoids was identified in the methanol extract (39.80 mg QuE/g d.e.) and the lowest was in the chloroform (24.30 mg QuE/g d.e.). DPPH scavenging of the extracts was determined and obtained IC50 values ranged from 0.12 to 3.12 mg/mL of solution. The values of ABTS radical scavenging activity ranged from 0.35 to 1.80 mg AA/g. The highest ABTS antiradical activity was registered for methanol extract. The FRAP value was found within the range 0.08 to 1.04 ?mol Fe/mg. The best radical scavenger was methanol (1.04 ?mol Fe/mg). In reducing power assay different extracts of L. purpureum showed increasing of activity with increased concentration, and all extracts possessed substantial dose dependent antioxidant activity. The best reducing capacity was obtained with methanol extract of L. purpureum (0.0132 mg AA/mL). The results in this study confirmed that L. purpureum possesses moderate antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Bioassay Guided Isolation of Free Radical Scavenging Agent from the Bark of Bridelia retusa

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Khaga Raj Sharma ◽  
Achyut Adhikari ◽  
M. Iqbal Choudhary ◽  
Suresh Awale ◽  
Surya Kant Kalauni
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Bridelia Retusa

Bioassay guided fractionation of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of Bridelia retusa yielded tambulin (1), beta-sitosterol (2), and beta-sitosterol glucoside (3), and their structures were elucidated using modern spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and compound 1 was found to be potent antioxidant. The DPPH assay showed that the compound 1 has potent antioxidant activity with IC50 166.15±1.92 SEM [muM] and the radical scavenging activity was found to be 86.03% where as the standard butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) has IC50 value 128.83±2.1 SEM [muM]. The radical scavenging activity of standard butylated hydroxy toluene was about 86% .The total phenolic content in ethyl acetate soluble fraction was found to be 147.20±1.5 mg GAE/gm and the total flavonoid content was found to be 16.64±0.00 mg QE/gm.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 97-101

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of the protection from oxidative stress by various fractions of Artemisia incisa Pamp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386
Author(s):  
A Aziz-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Sehrish Gulzar ◽  
Muhammad Abbasi ◽  
Tayyaba Shahzadi ◽  
Tauheeda Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Value

The methanolic extract of Artemisia incisa Pamp. was dissolved in distilled water and successively partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions and remaining aqueous fraction was evaluated by four methods, i.e., the scavenging activity of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), the total antioxidant activity, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the ferric thiocyanate assay. In addition, the total phenolics was determined. The obtained results revealed that among the studied fractions the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed the most potent DPPH-radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 5.3 ? 0.71 ?g mL-1, which is even more effective than the standard antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 value 0f 12.1? 0.92 ?g mL-1). The ethyl acetate fraction also showed the highest FRAP value (3677.13 ? 27.1 ?g TE mL-1), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (60.93 ? 0.84 % at 500 ?g mL-1) and total phenolic content (95.5 ? 0.05 ?g GAE g-1) as compared to other fractions. However, the remaining aqueous fraction was found to posses the highest antioxidant activity of all the fractions.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plants of Puthan District of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Hari Giri ◽  
Meena Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
Different Parts

Different parts of eleven medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in Puthan district were collected. Three different extracts, methanol, 50% aqueous methanoland 70% aqueous acetone extractswere prepared for each plant material. The methanol extractswere screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. Total phenolic andflavonoid content, as well as DPPH freeradical scavenging activity, were evaluated. All the investigated extracts contain a high amount of phenolics and flavonoids.The highest amount of phenolicsand flavonoids were detected in the methanolextract of bark of Bauhinia variegate(355.35+3.69 mg GAE/g and 209.23 ±1.25 mg QE/g extract). Among the eight tested extracts, the highest radical scavenging activity was shown by methanol extract of bark of B. variegate (IC50 3.68 μg/ml). The extract having the highest phenolic and flavonoid content showed the lowest IC50 demonstrating the positive correlation between radical scavenging activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content.

scholarly journals Identification and in vitro Evaluation of Lipids from Sclerotia of Lignosus rhinocerotis for Antioxidant and Anti-neuroinflammatory Activities

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeranjini Nallathamby ◽  
Lee Guan Serm ◽  
Jegadeesh Raman ◽  
Sri Nurestri Abd Malek ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
Lignosus Rhinocerotis

Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Tiger milk mushroom) is traditionally used to treat inflammation triggered symptoms and illnesses such as cough, fever and asthma. The present study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-neuroinflammatory activities of the extract and fractions of sclerotia powder of L. rhinocerotis on brain microglial (BV2) cells. The ethyl acetate fraction had a total phenolic content of 0.30 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g. This fraction had ferric reducing capacity of 61.8 ± 1.8 mg FSE/g, ABTS•+ scavenging activity of 36.8 ± 1.8 mg TE/g and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 21.8% ± 0.7. At doses ranging from 0.1 μg/mL – 100 μg/mL, the extract and fractions were not cytotoxic to BV2 cells. At 100 μg/mL, the crude hydroethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction elicited the highest nitric oxide reduction activities of 68.7% and 58.2%, respectively. Linoleic and oleic acids were the major lipid constituents in the ethyl acetate fraction based on FID and GC-MS analysis. Linoleic acid reduced nitric oxide production and down regulated the expression of neuroinflammatory iNOS and COX2 genes in BV2 cells.

scholarly journals In-vitro scavenging activity and acute toxicity study of methanol leaves extract and fractions of Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. Ex Keay (Ochnaceae) in rats.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste N. Oussou ◽  
Isaac J. Asiedu-Gyekye ◽  
Adou F. Yapo ◽  
Benoit Banga N'guessan ◽  
Patrick Amoateng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Lophira Lanceolata

<p>The present study aims at comparing <em>in-vitro </em>scavenging activities of methanol extract and fractions of <em>Lophira lanceolata</em> leaves, and also to study the oral acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction.</p><p>Petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions were prepared from the methanol extract of the plant. The scavenging activity of DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), the total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents of the extract and fractions were determined by spectrophotometrical methods using gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Qu) as reference antioxidant. The fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>), fifty percent effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) and the antiradical power (ARP) were determined for all extract and fractions. An acute toxicity study using a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg of the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant was conducted in female Albino rats following the OECD (420) Guidelines. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Histopathological examinations of the heart, kidney and liver were performed.</p><p>The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of <em>L</em>.<em> lanceolata</em> had the highest free radical scavenging activity of DPPH (IC<sub>50</sub>=1,43; EC<sub>50</sub>= 0.07 and ARP = 14,28)  and also contain the highest amount of total phenols (14,4±0,02 mg of GA equivalent/g of plant fraction) and total flavonoids (93,3±0,04 mg of Qu equivalent/g of plant fraction) as compared to other fractions and ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub>=5,82; EC<sub>50</sub>= 3.44; ARP=3,44). The hematological parameters and the lipid profile didn’t show any major change compared to the control group. However, a significant increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p&lt;0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, p&lt;0.001) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of <em>L</em>.<em> lanceolata </em>leaves might not totally be safe for consumption, in the conditions of our experiment.</p>

Antioxidant activity of extracts from the bark of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl.

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Gao ◽  
Todd F. Shupe ◽  
Chung Y. Hse ◽  
Thomas L. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana

Abstract The bark of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl. was extracted with methanol and sequentially partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and deionized water. The antioxidant activities of the four extracts were evaluated using the DPPH• and ABTS+• methods. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Butylated hydroxytoluene was used as a positive control in the radical-scavenging activity tests. All the bark extracts showed significant radical-scavenging activity. In the ABTS+• assay, n-butanol extracts exhibited the strongest radical-scavenging activity, followed by ethyl acetate, water, and n-hexane extracts. The greatest total phenolic content was 428.54 mg GAE per gram of dry extract and was detected in the n-butanol extract, followed by the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. The antioxidant activities correlate with the amount of phenolics present in these extracts. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts were rich in phenolics and may represent a good source of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Averrhoa bilimbi: A Prospective Source of Bioactive Compounds against Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Mannan ◽  
Liton Chandra ◽  
A.B.M. Nazmul Islam ◽  
Md. Saddam Hossain ◽  
Md. Kudrat-E-Zahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Scavenging Activity

Averrhoa bilimbi fruit has been studied to find out a possible source of bioactive compounds against antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. To achieve this goal, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of five different fractionates such as methanolic crude, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fraction of A. bilimbi were investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry, disc diffusion and brine shrimp lethality test methods simultaneously. Other phytochemicals viz. carbohydrate, tannins, polyphenols, glycosides, etc. were also screened out by conventional test methods concurrently. Total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents were found to be ranging from 3.807-262.129 mg GAE g–1 and 67.848-1159.061 mg CE g–1, respectively, in all the analyzed fractions. DPPH free radical scavenging activity revealed distinctive IC50 value of 5.63 and 10.26 μg mL–1 in the chloroform and ethyl acetate extractives. Fractionates of petroleum ether and methanolic crude also presented strong cytotoxic potential with the LD50 values of 8.89 and 20.3 μg mL–1 in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay test. Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited good antimicrobial activity with the zone of inhibition against Bacillus cereus (11 mm and 14 mm) and Escherichia coli (7 mm and 9 mm). Finally, it has been recommended that A. bilmbi fruit might be an effective source of bioactive compounds against antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity as well as antioxidant with potent radical scavenging activity.

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