scholarly journals Sero-diagnostic studies on the occurrence and prevalence of bovine spongiform encephalopathies in Nasarawa state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Odonye DD ◽  
Amuta EU ◽  
Ogbonna IO ◽  
Odonye EP ◽  
Abisabo A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Casualty Slaughter ◽  
Cattle Herds

The study was conducted to determine the occurrence and the prevalence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy among cattle herds in Nasarawa State, Nigeria using targeted sampling approach. The procedure of sampling adapted was a “double” targeted method for survey. First, a BSE risk group was targeted ‘emergency or casualty slaughter’ and within this Group, animals with signs indicative for BSE were sub-targeted. Two sampling locations were chosen; Akwanga central abattoir and Lafia central abattoir, both located in Nasarawa North and Nasarawa south senatorial district. Immediately the suspected animals were slaughtered, the caudal brain stem was harvested and examined for the disease specific form of the prion protein, PrPSc, using Western Blot technique after proteinase K digestion. A total of 2000 cattle of local breeds, aged ≥ 24 months and above were clinically examined. A total of 147 (7.4 %) of the cattle sampled were clinically suspicious for BSE. No sample was positive for BSE. Fluorescent antibody test for rabies and H&E staining on samples were carried out to observe for differential diagnosis. These showed no pathological lesions indicative for neurological disease. While our findings do not exclude the presence of BSE in Nasarawa State, we demonstrate that targeted sampling of ruminants for neuroinfectious disease is possible in developing countries, pointing to the possibility of implementing such a monitoring scheme in Nigeria to prevent economic losses in ruminant livestock as BSE caveats from endemic countries have shown.

scholarly journals A Targeted Survey for Scrapie in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
O. O. Nwankiti ◽  
E. I. Ikeh ◽  
O. A. Arowolo ◽  
A. J. Nwankiti ◽  
M. O. Odugbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Casualty Slaughter ◽  
Plateau State

Scrapie, a disease of sheep and goats with a progressive course and fatal outcome, has not been identified in Nigeria. Anecdotal scrapie reports by livestock workers abound. Livestock diseases like scrapie form huddles in livestock economics of countries. For 8 months we surveyed for scrapie targeting emergency/casualty slaughter sheep and goats in Jos, Nigeria. We clinically examined 510 sheep and 608 goats of local breeds, aged from 12 months to 5 years. In total 31 (5.10%) goats and no sheep were clinically suspicious for scrapie. Caudal brainstem tissues of suspect animals collected postmortem were analyzed for the disease specific form of the prion protein, PrPSc, using Bio-Rad’s TeSeE ELISA rapid test kit. No sample was positive for scrapie. Fluorescent antibody test for rabies and H&E staining on samples were carried out for differential diagnosis. These showed no pathological lesions indicative for neurological disease. While our findings do not exclude the presence of scrapie in Jos, we demonstrate that targeted sampling of small ruminants for neuroinfectious disease is feasible in developing countries, pointing to the possibility of implementing such a monitoring scheme in Nigeria to prevent economic losses in small ruminant livestock as scrapie caveats from endemic countries have shown.

scholarly journals Current trends in bovine abortion in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora L. Morrell ◽  
Carlos M. Campero ◽  
Germán J. Cantón ◽  
Anselmo C. Odeón ◽  
Dadín P. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
Bovine Abortion

ABSTRACT: Bovine abortion is an important cause of significant economic losses in beef and dairy herds. This syndrome is usually difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to characterize bovine abortion causes in Argentina by standard diagnosis procedures (histology, bacterial and viral isolation) and other diagnostic tests like direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), fetal serology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PCR, showing their specific advantages and limitations. Necropsies were performed in 150 aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the diagnostic laboratories of Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Argentina. Etiological diagnosis was confirmed in 78 fetuses (52% of the cases). Most causes of abortion were of infectious origin, being Neospora caninum (14.67%), Campylobacter fetus sp. (9.33%), Leptospira spp. (7.33%) and Brucella abortus (6.65%) the main microorganisms identified. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV) were diagnosed in 2 (1.33%) and 3 (2%) cases, respectively. This study showed a better characterization of bovine abortion compared with previous researches done on this topic.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in Animals: A Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Gavier-Widén ◽  
Michael J. Stack ◽  
Thierry Baron ◽  
Aru Balachandran ◽  
Marion Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Prion Strain

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in animals include, among others, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie, chronic wasting disease, and atypical forms of prion diseases. Diagnosis of TSEs is based on identification of characteristic lesions or on detection of the abnormal prion proteins in tissues, often by use of their partial proteinase K resistance property. Correctly sampling of target tissues is of utmost importance as this has a considerable effect on test sensitivity. Most of the rapid or screening tests are based on ELISA or Western immunoblot (WB) analysis, and many are officially approved. Confirmatory testing is normally performed by use of histologic examination, immunohistochemical analysis, certain WB protocols, or detection of prion fibrils by use of electron microscopy (scrapie-associated fibril). The discriminatory methods for diagnostic use are mostly based on WB technology and provide initial identification of the prion strain, particularly for differentiation of BSE from scrapie in small ruminants. Definitive prion strain characterization is performed by use of bioassays, usually in mice. A burgeoning number of transgenic mice have been developed for TSE studies. Development of new tests with higher sensitivity and of more reliable diagnostic applications for live animals tested for food safety reasons is a rapidly developing field. Ultimately, the choice of a test for TSE diagnosis depends on the rationale for the testing.

scholarly journals Use of ELISA based on NcSRS2 of Neospora caninumexpressed in Pichia pastoris for diagnosing neosporosis in sheep and dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Fernandes Pinheiro ◽  
Sibele Borsuk ◽  
Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne ◽  
Luciano da Silva Pinto ◽  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Immunoenzymatic Assay

Neosporosis is a disease caused by the protozoon Neospora caninum that leads to significant economic losses in many countries. In the present study, we report on use of the recombinant protein NcSRS2 of N. caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris in an indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) for diagnosing neosporosis infection in sheep and dogs. We observed that the ELISA test yielded specificity of 94.5% and sensitivity of 100% for sheep and specificity of 93.3% and sensitivity of 100% for dogs. We observed that the sensitivity was higher than shown by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and this was confirmed by means of Western blot. The results from this study suggest that the recombinant protein expressed in P. pastoris is a suitable antigen for use in immunodiagnosis to detect N. caninum in two important species exposed to this parasitosis.

scholarly journals Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and/or Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle Fridlund Plugge ◽  
Fabiano Montiani Ferreira ◽  
Rosária Regina Tesoni de Barros Richartz ◽  
Adriana de Siqueira ◽  
Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis or paralysis, ataxia, behavioral abnormalities, sensory and somatic disorders and chorioretinitis. The samples were analyzed by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), at a cutoff dilution of 1:50. Out of the 147 samples obtained, 17 (11.56%) were seropositive for N. caninum, 31 (21.08%) for T. gondii and four (2.72%) for both protozoa. Serum titration on the positive animals showed that 54.83% (17/31) and 41.18% (7/17) had titers > 1:200 against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. A significant difference in seropositivity for T. gondii (P = 0.021; OR = 2.87; CI = 1.1 > 2.8 > 7.4) was observed between owned dogs (18.11%) and stray dogs (40%). Inclusion of serological tests for neosporosis and toxoplasmosis is recommended in diagnosing neurological diseases in dogs.

scholarly journals Efficient Conversion of Normal Prion Protein (PrP) by Abnormal Hamster PrP Is Determined by Homology at Amino Acid Residue 155

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 4673-4680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzette A. Priola ◽  
Joëlle Chabry ◽  
Kaman Chan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Residue ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Resistant Product

ABSTRACT In the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, disease is closely associated with the conversion of the normal proteinase K-sensitive host prion protein (PrP-sen) to the abnormal proteinase K-resistant form (PrP-res). Amino acid sequence homology between PrP-res and PrP-sen is important in the formation of new PrP-res and thus in the efficient transmission of infectivity across species barriers. It was previously shown that the generation of mouse PrP-res was strongly influenced by homology between PrP-sen and PrP-res at amino acid residue 138, a residue located in a region of loop structure common to PrP molecules from many different species. In order to determine if homology at residue 138 also affected the formation of PrP-res in a different animal species, we assayed the ability of hamster PrP-res to convert a panel of recombinant PrP-sen molecules to protease-resistant PrP in a cell-free conversion system. Homology at amino acid residue 138 was not critical for the formation of protease-resistant hamster PrP. Rather, homology between PrP-sen and hamster PrP-res at amino acid residue 155 determined the efficiency of formation of a protease-resistant product induced by hamster PrP-res. Structurally, residue 155 resides in a turn at the end of the first alpha helix in hamster PrP-sen; this feature is not present in mouse PrP-sen. Thus, our data suggest that PrP-res molecules isolated from scrapie-infected brains of different animal species have different PrP-sen structural requirements for the efficient formation of protease-resistant PrP.

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