scholarly journals Assessing the risk of heavy metals contamination in milk from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
ZH Shar ◽  
OP Pirhot ◽  
HH Shar ◽  
MK Channa
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Milk is an essential component of human food, and natural source of many important elements. Besides essential elements it is also became a source of toxic metals due to heavy environmental pollution. In order to assess the essential metals (calcium) and toxic metals (cadmium and lead) in milk, sixty different fresh milk samples were analyzed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Accuracy and precession were checked by external standard addition method. Calcium was found in all samples with highest concentration (24µg/L) in camel milk. Lead was found in all milk samples with mean level 3.14µg/L and highest concentration found in packed milk sample 6.7µg/L. Cadmium was detected in 33% of total samples analyzed with range of (1.1-3.1µg/L). Results of this study will be helpful in setting the standards in one of the most consumed commodities in Pakistan.

Metal interactions within and between tissues of nestling rooks Corvus frugilegus

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Orłowski ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Zbigniew Kasprzykowski ◽  
Zbigniew Zawada
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Metal Interactions ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Corvus Frugilegus ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
High Level

AbstractWe analyzed interactions of concentrations of 11 essential and nonessential elements, including toxic metals within and between internal organs (liver, kidney and lung), muscles and bones of nestling rooks Corvus frugilegus with acute cadmium contamination and elevated level of lead. The number of statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) metal-metal relationships (positive/negative) within particular tissues was the highest in the kidney (7/6), following in the bone (9/2), liver (6/4), lung (5/2) and muscle (5/2). We found eight significant interactions of lead with other metals, and only two of cadmium (only with lead and cobalt, which probably mirrored a greater ability of lead (than in the case of cadmium) to functional and kinetic interaction with other metals, and/or inhibiting effect of lead or cadmium in co-accumulation. Furthermore, a positive relationship between concentration of cadmium and lead in the kidney could hint at the key importance of this organ in detoxification of both toxic metals. Analyses of relationships of individual metals between examined tissues show only positive results in the case of copper (n = 8), following potassium (n = 3), zinc and iron (in both cases n = 2) and a single ones for calcium and magnesium. We concluded that the lack of significant relationships of individual toxic metals (cadmium or lead) between analyzed tissues could result from high levels of these metals, which destroyed detoxifying capacity of kidney, and ultimately enabled a rapid bioaccumulation of these inorganic contaminations in all tissues of examined nestlings. An explanation of concentration of toxic metals in tissues of animals, especially in the case of their high level, require an identification of the actual level of essential elements associated with physiological status of organism.

scholarly journals ExSTA: External Standard Addition Method for Accurate High-Throughput Quantitation in Targeted Proteomics Experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1600180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassene Mohammed ◽  
Jingxi Pan ◽  
Suping Zhang ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Christoph H. Borchers
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Standard Addition Method ◽  
Targeted Proteomics ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
External Standard

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Heavy and Essential Metals in Trophic Levels of Pond Ecosystem

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Parven ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
SB Quraishi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Pond Ecosystem

Bioaccumulation of heavy and essential metals was examined in duckweed (first trophic level) and in a pyralid insect larva (second and successive trophic level) in two different ponds e.g. organic and inorganic ponds. Hospital's waste-materials and inorganic fertilizers were used as duckweed nutrients in organic pond and inorganic pond, respectively. A total of 24 water, duckweed and insect samples were used for analysis of essential and heavy metals. Toxic metals were found to transmit and persist in duckweed. The insect is a duckweed consumer in pond ecosystem. Persistence of heavy metals and essential metals was evidenced in the insect when its larval stages were examined. Nine heavy/essential metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, Fe and Hg) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All of these trace metals were greater in evidence in organic pond than the inorganic pond. Some heavy and essential metals did not bio-accumulate from duckweed to insect larval body. Some toxic metals such as Lead, Copper, Manganese and Cobalt were evidenced at high concentration in water, duckweed and insect larvae. The experimental results indicated that persistence of heavy/essential metals occurred in successive trophic levels of pond ecosystem. Key words: Duckweed, pyralid insect, heavy and essential elements, bio-accumulation, pond ecosystem, trophic level DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2957 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 131-138, 2009

scholarly journals Front Cover: ExSTA: External Standard Addition Method for Accurate High-Throughput Quantitation in Targeted Proteomics Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1870010
Author(s):  
Yassene Mohammed ◽  
Jingxi Pan ◽  
Suping Zhang ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Christoph H. Borchers
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Standard Addition Method ◽  
Targeted Proteomics ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Front Cover ◽  
External Standard

scholarly journals Fluorimetric Immunoassay for Multianalysis of Aflatoxins

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizy Kanungo ◽  
Sunil Bhand
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Capture Antibody ◽  
Multianalyte Detection ◽  
Microwell Plate ◽  
Detection And Quantification

A sensitive fluorimetric ELISA was developed for the analysis of aflatoxins. The assay was performed in a 384 microwell plate, wherein high specificity monoclonal antibody against AFM1 (mAb-AFM1) was used as capture antibody and FITC conjugated secondary antibody was used for detection and quantification of the analyte. The linear range of the immunoassay was found to be 6.25–50 pg/mL. AFM1 as low as 1 pg/mL was detected by this method with assay volume 40 μL. The multi-analysis of different aflatoxins was also investigated in the microwell plate, based on the cross-reactivity (CR) approach. Real milk samples were tested along with certified reference material by standard addition method and recovery analysis was done. The mAb-AFM1 showed 23.2% CR with AFB1, 50% CR with respect to AFM2, and least CR towards AFG1 (<1%). Furthermore, mixture analysis of AFM2 and AFB1 was carried out at specific concentrations of AFM1. The advantages of this developed immunoassay are high sensitivity, high throughput, multianalyte detection, versatility, and ease of handling.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxic and Essential Metals in Some Selected Chewing Food Products and their Daily Intake by the Population of Karachi, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Shahid Bhutto ◽  
Nusrat Jalbani ◽  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Razia Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method

The present study focused on different brands of chewing food products which containing some toxic metals (TMs) and essential metals and these samples were analyzed to determine the levels of some toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Mn) and essential metals (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Zn). The samples of gutka (100), sweet supari (63), sweet paan (16) and paan masala (21) were randomly collected from different shops of Karachi, Pakistan. The validity of conventional wet acid digestion method (CAD) was assessed by analyzing two certified reference materials (CRM) Virgina tobacco leaf (CTA-VTL-2) and Bovine liver (1577b) and standard addition recovery test. The limit of detections (LODs, n=10) of the method were found to be 0.144, 14.4, 8.89, 2.76, 4.06, 15.3 and 2.99, 22.9, 9.97, 4.54, 1.89, 1.76 µg L -1 for Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb, respectively. The CAD method was successfully applied to real samples for the determination of toxic and essential metals.

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