scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Heavy and Essential Metals in Trophic Levels of Pond Ecosystem

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Parven ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
SB Quraishi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Pond Ecosystem

Bioaccumulation of heavy and essential metals was examined in duckweed (first trophic level) and in a pyralid insect larva (second and successive trophic level) in two different ponds e.g. organic and inorganic ponds. Hospital's waste-materials and inorganic fertilizers were used as duckweed nutrients in organic pond and inorganic pond, respectively. A total of 24 water, duckweed and insect samples were used for analysis of essential and heavy metals. Toxic metals were found to transmit and persist in duckweed. The insect is a duckweed consumer in pond ecosystem. Persistence of heavy metals and essential metals was evidenced in the insect when its larval stages were examined. Nine heavy/essential metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, Fe and Hg) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All of these trace metals were greater in evidence in organic pond than the inorganic pond. Some heavy and essential metals did not bio-accumulate from duckweed to insect larval body. Some toxic metals such as Lead, Copper, Manganese and Cobalt were evidenced at high concentration in water, duckweed and insect larvae. The experimental results indicated that persistence of heavy/essential metals occurred in successive trophic levels of pond ecosystem. Key words: Duckweed, pyralid insect, heavy and essential elements, bio-accumulation, pond ecosystem, trophic level DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2957 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 131-138, 2009

scholarly journals Bioremoval of hazardous cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper and cadmium compounds from contaminated soil by Nicotiana tabacum plants and associated microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
О. A. Havryliuk ◽  
V. M. Hovorukha ◽  
A. V. Sachko ◽  
G. V. Gladka ◽  
I. O. Bida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration

Contamination of soils with heavy metals leads to reduction of soil fertility, destruction of natural ecosystems and detrimental effects on the health of society by increasing content of metals in the food chains from microorganisms to plants, animals and humans. Bioremediation is one of the most promising and cost-effective methods of cleaning soils polluted with toxic metals. According to current researchers, microorganisms and plants have the genetic potential to remove toxic metals from contaminated sites. The method of thermodynamic prediction was used to theoretically substantiate the mechanisms of interaction of soil microorganisms and plants with heavy metals. According to the our prediction, exometabolite chelators of anaerobic microorganisms may increase the mobility of metals and thereby contribute to the active transport of metals and their accumulation in plants. Plants of Nicotiana tabacum L. of Djubek cultivar were used as plant material for the current investigation. The examined toxicants were heavy metals, namely cobalt (II), nickel (II), chromium (VI), copper (II) and cadmium (II). The aqueous solutions of metal salts were added to the boxes after two months of plants growing to the final super-high concentration – 500 mg/kg of absolutely dry weight of soil. Quantitative assessments of copper and chromium-resistant microorganisms were made by cultivation on agar nutrient medium NA with a gradient of Cu(II) and Cr(VI). The concentration of metals in soil and plant material (leaves, stems and roots) was determined by atomic absorption method. The study revealed that heavy metals inhibited the growth of the examined tobacco plants. This was expressed by the necrosis of plant tissues and, ultimately, their complete death. Despite this, all investigated heavy metals were accumulated in plant tissues during 3–7 days before death of plants. The uptake of metals was observed in all parts of plants – leaves, stems and roots. The highest concentrations of Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI) were found in the leaves, Cu(II) – in the roots. The results show that the bioremoval efficiency of the investigated metals ranged 0.60–3.65%. Given the super-high initial concentration of each of the metals (500 mg/kg), the determined removal efficiency was also high. Cadmium was the most toxic to plants. Thus, the basic points of the thermodynamic prognosis of the possibility of accumulation of heavy metals by phytomicrobial consortium were experimentally confirmed on the example of N. tabacum plants and metal-resistant microorganisms. The study demonstrated that despite the high initial metals concentration, rate of damage and death of plants, metals are accumulated inplant tissues in extremely hight concentrations. Soil microorganisms were observed to have high adaptation potencial to Cu(II) and Cr(VI). In anaerobic conditions, microorganisms presumably mobilize heavy metals, which later are absorbed by plants. The obtained results are the basis for the development of environmental biotechnologies for cleaning contaminated soils from heavy metal compounds.

scholarly journals Assessing the risk of heavy metals contamination in milk from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
ZH Shar ◽  
OP Pirhot ◽  
HH Shar ◽  
MK Channa
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Milk is an essential component of human food, and natural source of many important elements. Besides essential elements it is also became a source of toxic metals due to heavy environmental pollution. In order to assess the essential metals (calcium) and toxic metals (cadmium and lead) in milk, sixty different fresh milk samples were analyzed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Accuracy and precession were checked by external standard addition method. Calcium was found in all samples with highest concentration (24µg/L) in camel milk. Lead was found in all milk samples with mean level 3.14µg/L and highest concentration found in packed milk sample 6.7µg/L. Cadmium was detected in 33% of total samples analyzed with range of (1.1-3.1µg/L). Results of this study will be helpful in setting the standards in one of the most consumed commodities in Pakistan.

Relationship between morphometrics and trophic levels in deep-sea fishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ladds ◽  
MH Pinkerton ◽  
E Jones ◽  
LM Durante ◽  
MR Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gape Size ◽  
Morphological Variables

Marine food webs are structured, in part, by predator gape size. Species found in deep-sea environments may have evolved such that they can consume prey of a wide range of sizes, to maximise resource intake in a low-productivity ecosystem. Estimates of gape size are central to some types of ecosystem model that determine which prey are available to predators, but cannot always be measured directly. Deep-sea species are hypothesized to have larger gape sizes than shallower-water species relative to their body size and, because of pronounced adaptive foraging behaviour, show only a weak relationship between gape size and trophic level. Here we present new data describing selective morphological measurements and gape sizes of 134 osteichthyan and chondrichthyan species from the deep sea (200-1300 m) off New Zealand. We describe how gape size (height, width and area) varied with factors including fish size, taxonomy (class and order within a class) and trophic level estimated from stable isotopes. For deep-sea species, there was a strong relationship between gape size and fish size, better predicted by body mass than total length, which varied by taxonomic group. Results show that predictions of gape size can be made from commonly measured morphological variables. No relationship between gape size and trophic level was found, likely a reflection of using trophic level estimates from stable isotopes as opposed to the commonly used estimates from FishBase. These results support the hypothesis that deep-sea fish are generalists within their environment, including suspected scavenging, even at the highest trophic levels.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN COCONUT WATER

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
MdDidarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, Aboni Afrose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Aas Method

This study was based on determining concentration of essential and toxic heavy metal in coconut water available at a local Hazaribagh area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All essential minerals, if present in the drinking water at high concentration or very low concentration, it has negative actions. In this study, fifteen samples and eight heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method which was followed by wet ashing digestion method. The concentration obtained in mg/l were in the range of 0.3 to 1.5, 7.77 to 21.2, 0 to 0.71, 0 to 0.9, 0 to 0.2, 0.9 to 17.3, 0.1 to 0.9, 0 to 0.9 and 0 to 0.7 for Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Se respectively. From this data it was concluded that any toxic heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni exceed their toxicity level and some essential nutrients were in low concentration in those samples. 

Assessment of micro and macro nutrients in poultry feeds available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Md Didarul Islam ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fahmida Jannat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Macro Nutrients

This study was based on to determine the concentration of macro and micro nutrients as well as toxic and nontoxic heavy metals present in the chicken feed available in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. All macro nutrients, if present in the feed at high concentration have some adverse effect, at the same time if this nutrient present in the feed at low concentration this have some adverse effect too. So that this nutrient level should be maintained at a marginal level. On the other side toxic heavy metals if present in the feed at very low concentration those can contaminate the total environment of the ecosystem. In this study six brand samples (starter, grower, finisher and layer) which was collected from different renowned chicken feed formulation industry in Bangladesh. Those samples were prepared for analysis by wet ashing and then metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that 27.7 to 68.4, 57.3 to 121.9, 0.21 to 4.1, 0.32 to 2.1, 0.11 to 1.58, 0.28 to 2.11 and 0.28 to 1.78 for zinc, iron, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and cobalt respectively. It was found that essential macro and micro nutrients were present in the feed in low concentration on the other side mercury was present in high concentration in the feed samples.

Study of the Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on titania

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lateral Interaction ◽  
Tio2 Surface ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Solution Parameters ◽  
Kinetics Of

The removal of heavy metals from wastewaters is a matter of paramount importance due to the fact that their high toxicity causes major environmental pollution problems. One of the most efficient, applicable and low cost methods for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous solutions is that of their adsorption on an inorganic adsorbent. In order to achieve high efficiency, it is important to understand the influence of the solution parameters on the extent of the adsorption, as well as the kinetics of the adsorption. In the present work, the adsorption of Cu(II) species onto TiO2 surface was studied. It was found that the adsorption is a rapid process and it is not affected by the value of ionic strength. In addition, it was found that by increasing the pH, the adsorbed amount of Cu2+ ions and the value of the adsorption constant increase, whereas the value of the lateral interaction energy decreases.

Metal-induced oxidative stress level in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and its contribution to the severity of the disease: A correlational study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Varsha Shukla ◽  
Siddharth Kumar Das ◽  
Abbas Ali Mahdi ◽  
Shweta Agarwal ◽  
Ragini Alok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Rheumatological Disease ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is an extra-articular rheumatological disease characterised by widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain. Metal-induced oxidative stress contributes to the severity of FMS. AIMS: First, this study evaluated the association between plasma levels of toxic heavy metals and essential metals with oxidative stress (OS) markers. Second, the OS markers and metal contents were correlated with the disease severity by assessing the Fibromyalgia Impact Questioner Revised (FIQR) and tender points (TP). METHOD: A total of 105 FMS patients and 105 healthy controls of similar age and sex were recruited. OS parameter such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl group (PCG), nitric oxide (NO) and essential metals such as zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and toxic heavy metals such as aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) were estimated. RESULTS: Levels of LPO, PCG, NO (p< 0.001) and Cu, Mn, and Al (p< 0.001), were significantly higher, and Mg (p< 0.001) and Zn (p< 0.001) were significantly lower in patients compared to controls. A positive association was observed between OS parameters, FIQR and TP with Cu, Al and Mn. A significant negative association was observed between Zn and Mg with FIQR, TP and OS parameters. CONCLUSION: Heavy metals such as Al induce OS parameters and decrease the levels of essential trace elements such as Mg and Zn, which may be responsible for the severity of FMS.

scholarly journals An analysis of heavy metals contamination and estimating the daily intakes of vegetables from Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732098525
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric Oloya Otim ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Daily Intakes

Background: Environmental contamination with elevated levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr6+), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)—all states of which are found in Uganda—raises health risk to the public. Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Ni for instance are generally considered nonessential to cellular functions, notwithstanding the importance of the oxidative state of the metals in bioavailability. As such, we aimed in this study (i) to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in four vegetables from a typical open-air market in Uganda, (ii) to assess the safety of consuming these vegetables against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of heavy metals consumption, and (iii) to formulate a model of estimated daily intake (EDI) among consumers in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five georeferenced markets of Bushenyi district in January 2020. Amaranthus, cabbages, scarlet eggplants, and tomatoes were collected from open markets, processed, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Modeled EDI, principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to identify relationships in the samples. Results: The levels of essential elements in the four vegetables were found to fall from Co > Cu > Fe > Zn. Those of non-essential metals were significantly higher and followed the pattern Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni. The highest EDI values were those of Cu in scarlet eggplants, Zn in amaranthus, Fe in amaranthus, Co in amaranthus, Pb in cabbages, total Cr in scarlet eggplant, Cd in cabbages and tomatoes, and Ni in cabbages. In comparison to international limits, EDIs for Zn, Cu, Co and Fe were low while Ni in cabbages were high. PCA showed high variations in scarlet eggplant and amaranthus. The study vegetables were found to be related with each other, not according to the location of the markets from where they were obtained, but according to their species by CA. Conclusion: The presence of non-essential elements above WHO limits raises policy challenges for the consumption and marketing of vegetables in the study area. Furthermore, low EDIs of essential elements in the vegetables create demand for nutritious foods to promote healthy communities.

Mechanisms and Remediation Technologies of Sulfate Removal from Acid Mine Drainage

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3252-3256
Author(s):  
Mei Qin Chen ◽  
Feng Ji Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Co Precipitation

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has properties of extreme acidification, quantities of sulfate and elevated levels of soluble heavy metals. It was a widespread environmental problem that caused adverse effects to the qualities of ground water and surface water. In the past decades, most of investigations were focused on the heavy metals as their toxicities for human and animals. As another main constitution of AMD, sulfate ion is nontoxic, yet high concentration of sulfate ion can cause many problems such as soil acidification, metal corrosion and health problems. More attention should be paid on the sulfate ion when people focus on the AMD. In the paper, sulfate removal mechanisms include adsorption, precipitation, co-precipitation and biological reduction were analyzed and summarized. Meanwhile, the remediation technologies, especially the applications of them in China were also presented and discussed.

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