Present scenario of policies & hazards related to alcohol in India

Although the use of various psychoactive substances such as alcohol, cannabis and opioids has been observed in India for centuries. Use of psychoactive substances impacts on academic, social, psychological, economical and physiological development of people with their families negatively. Alcoholic beverages are the most important product of global addiction demand, which is a reason of many deaths and diseases worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a major problem in India because of the various reasons like socio-cultural, difference in alcohol policies and practices state wise, lack of awareness of alcohol related problems, false mass media propaganda, various patterns of alcohol consumption and as a symbol of status both in urban and rural areas across the country. As per people’s opinion, they consumes it because it induces feeling of relaxation and tranquility, suppress anxiety and increases confidence. However with increasing dose, pleasant euphoric starts which means they feels that they are in heaven and that gives way to feelings of depression. That’s why this is called as substance of abuse. This review article focuses on ethyl alcohol (alcohol),its pharmacology,policies in India, different patterns of drinking, prevalence of alcohol consumption globally and nationally, medical and other consequences like suicide and road accidents, harmful effects on the mental, physical and social health with treatment options for alcoholism.

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Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4185

Author(s):

Katarzyna Zatońska ◽

Piotr Psikus ◽

Alicja Basiak-Rasała ◽

Zuzanna Stępnicka ◽

Maria Wołyniec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Frequent Consumption ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

High Level

(1) Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of alcohol consumption in the PURE Poland cohort study baseline. (2) Methods: A Polish cohort was enrolled in the baseline study in 2007–2010. The study group consisted of 2021 adult participants of urban and rural areas from the Lower Silesia voivodeship in Poland (747 men and 1274 women). (3) Results: In the overall study population, 67.3% were current drinkers, 10.3% were former drinkers, and 22.4% were abstainers. Current use of alcohol products was more prevalent in men (77.2%), people living in urban areas (73.0%), and people with a higher level of education (78.0%). The percentage of current drinkers decreased with increasing age (from 73.4% in 30- to 44-year-olds to 48.8% in participants aged 64 and more). The majority of participants (89.2%) declared a low level of alcohol intake. The chance of high level of intake of alcohol was four times higher in men than in women (OR 4.17; CI 1.64–10.6). The majority of participants (54.6%) declared most frequent consumption of low-alcohol drinks (beer, wine) and 21% declared most frequent consumption of spirits. Current drinkers had almost 1.5-fold higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than never drinkers (OR 1.49, CI 1.03–2.17; OR 1.66, CI 1.27–2.18, respectively). Former drinkers had higher odds for hypertension and CVD than never drinkers (1.73, CI 1.05–2.85; OR 1.76, CI 1.22–2.53, respectively). (4) Conclusions: In our cohort study, we observed several socio-demographic factors differentiating the patterns of alcohol consumption. The preventive programs should focus predominantly on men, people aged <45 years, and those with a higher level of education.

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Perception of alcohol policies by consumers of unrecorded alcohol - an exploratory qualitative interview study with patients of alcohol treatment facilities in Russia

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-019-0234-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Neufeld ◽

Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽

Lori E. Ross ◽

Carina Ferreira-Borges ◽

Jürgen Rehm

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Alcohol Treatment ◽

Qualitative Interview ◽

Interview Study ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Alcohol Policies ◽

Qualitative Interview Study ◽

Alcohol Related Harm ◽

Related Harm

Abstract Background Over the last decade Russia has introduced various policy measures to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm at the population level. Several of these policies, such as higher pricing and taxation or restrictions of availability, may not work in the case of unrecorded alcohol consumption; they may encourage consumers to switch to unrecorded alcohol and even increase consumption. In the present qualitative interview study we explore the perception of the recently implemented alcohol policies by patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence in two Russian cities in the years 2013–2014 and shed light on possible entry-points to prevention. Methods Semi-structured in-depth expert interviews were conducted with 25 patients of state-run drug and alcohol treatment centers in two Russian cities in 2013 and 2014. The interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results All of the interviewed participants have consumed unrecorded at some point with the majority being regular consumers, mostly switching between recorded and unrecorded alcohol depending on the situation, as predominantly defined by available money and available sources of alcohol. Low price and high availability were reported as the main reasons for unrecorded consumption. Participants voiced a general mistrust of the recently implemented alcohol regulations and viewed them largely as ineffective. They expressed particular concerns over price increases and restriction of night sales of alcoholic beverages. Substantial shifts within the unrecorded alcohol market were reported, with a decreasing availability of home-made beverages in favor of alcohol surrogates in the form of non-beverage alcohol, medicinal and cosmetic compounds. At the same time consumption of home-made alcoholic beverages was seen as a strategy to avoid counterfeit alcohol, which was frequently reported for retail sale. Conclusions Despite the alcohol policy changes in the last years in Russia, consumption of unrecorded alcohol remained common for people with alcohol dependence. Reduction of availability of unrecorded alcohol, first and foremost in the form of cheap surrogates, is urgently needed to reduce alcohol-related harm. Implementation of screening and brief interventions for excessive alcohol consumption in various contexts such as primary healthcare settings, trauma treatment services or the workplace could be another important measure targeting consumers of unrecorded alcohol.

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Evaluation of Drug and Alcohol Abuse in People Aged 15 Years and Older in Iran

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v49i10.4697 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Ali NOORBALA ◽

Armita SALJOUGHIAN ◽

Seyed Abbas BAGHERI YAZDI ◽

Elham FAGHIHZADEH ◽

Mohammad Hadi FARAHZADI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Social Problems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Postal Code ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Sedative Drugs ◽

Drug And Alcohol

Background: Drug addiction is known as one of the health, medical and social problems of the present century. Beyond the harmful physical and mental consequences for addicts, drug abuse can cause serious social problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug and alcohol abuse in individuals aged 15 yr and over in Iran in 2015. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on individuals aged 15 yr and older who lived in urban and rural areas of Iran. Overall, 36,600 individuals were selected by systematic and cluster random sampling. The postal code was used to access the samples in 31 provinces of Iran. In each province 1200 individuals (50% men, 50% women) were evaluated. The used instrument was the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed 4.6% of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4% used Cannabis, 0.4% used Amphetamine stimulants, 6.1% used Sedative drugs, and 2.6% used Alcoholic beverages on a regular basis. Within the last 12 months, 3.9% of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4% used Cannabis, 0.3% used Amphetamine stimulants, 5.8% used Sedative drugs, and 1.9% used Alcoholic beverages. With the exception of Sedatives drugs men used more drugs than women and residents of rural areas used more opium and its derivatives than other groups of drugs. Based on the provincial distribution, Kerman and Qom used the highest and lowest prevalence percentage of Opium and its derivatives respectively. Conclusion: Overall, 2340000 individuals were addicts used Opium and its derivatives in 2015, therefore, medical and health officials should take all necessary measures to deal with these serious social problems.

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“EU SÓ PROVEI!” Estudantes dos espaços rurais maranhenses entre os consumidores de bebidas alcoólicas

InterEspaço Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade ◽

10.18764/2446-6549.e202126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (20) ◽

pp. 202126

Author(s):

Williane de Fátima Vieira Batista ◽

José de Sousa Costa Filho ◽

Luci Mara Bertoni ◽

Luana Vieira de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Central Region ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Research Instrument ◽

Lack Of Information

“I JUST TASTED IT!” Students from Maranhão's rural areas among consumers of alcoholic beverages“¡SOLO LO PROBÉ!” Estudiantes de espacios rurales maranhenses entre consumidores de bebidas alcohólicasRESUMOAs bebidas alcoólicas, no Brasil, são amplamente aceitas e a primeira experiência de consumo pode ocorrer em crianças que contam com oito anos de idade. Diante desta realidade, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo fazer uma análise sobre tal precocidade. O questionário foi o instrumento escolhido, aplicado de modo individual com o formato de entrevista gravada, aplicado a estudantes do 6º ao 9º ano, residentes em espaços rurais que compõem a região central do Maranhão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a falta de informações, dentro ou fora do espaço escolar, é uma das causas para o consumo, cada vez mais precoce, de bebidas alcoólicas por adolescentes.Palavras-chave: Estudantes; Bebidas Alcoólicas; Espaço Rural. ABSTRACTAlcoholic beverages, in Brazil, are broadly accepted. The first experience of alcohol consumption can happen in children as young as eight years old. Given this reality, this research aimed to provide an analysis about the early consumption of beverages. The research instrument used was a questionnaire, applied individually and in the format of a recorded interview, to students from the sixth and ninth grades. These students are residents of rural areas that are part of the central region of Maranhão. The results obtained showed that the lack of information, inside or outside the School, is one of the causes for the consumption increasingly early, of alcoholic beverages by adolescents.Keywords: Students; Alcoholic Beverages; Rural Space.RESUMENLas bebidas alcohólicas en Brasil son ampliamente aceptadas y la primera experiencia de beber puede ocurrir en niños de 8 años. Ante esta realidad, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar esta precocidad. El cuestionario fue el instrumento elegido, aplicado individualmente con el formato de entrevista grabada, aplicado a estudiantes de 6º a 9º año de la Enseñanza Fundamental, residentes en áreas rurales que conforman la región central de Maranhão. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la falta de información, dentro o fuera del espacio escolar, es una de las causas del consumo, cada vez más temprano, de bebidas alcohólicas por parte de los adolescentes.Palabras clave: Estudiantes; Bebidas Alcohólicas; Espacio Rural.

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Responsible Beverage Service Practices: Comparison between India and Australia

Atna Journal of Tourism Studies ◽

10.12727/ajts.20.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 29-40

Author(s):

Zacharia Joseph ◽

Joby Thomas

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Alcohol Policies ◽

Alcohol Industry ◽

Responsible Beverage Service ◽

Similarities And Differences

Sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages have been rising globally. This is making the alcohol industry worth over $1344 billion today. This rise in alcohol consumption has not been without its gray shades in the form of alcohol abuse, alcohol-related crimes, accidents and deaths. This paper studies and compares the Responsible Beverage Service practices between India and Australia to understand its scope and impact. The study draws upon review and analysis of research and data from literature and alcohol policies of the two countries. The study reveals the similarities and differences in the approach towards Responsible Beverage Service between these two countries and suggests methods to strengthen this practice in India.

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Barriers to the Implementation of Alcohol Policies in Jayapura City

Jurnal PROMKES ◽

10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.101-114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Rahel Violin Kamisorei ◽

Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin ◽

Shrimarti Rukmini Devy ◽

Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Instrumental Case Study ◽

Alcohol Policies ◽

Alcohol Control ◽

Drug Agency ◽

Lack Of Commitment ◽

Integrated Team

Background: Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2018 found as many as 15 provinces out of 35 provinces had a prevalence of alcohol consumption above the national prevalence, and Papua was reportedly in the top 15 of the prevalence of high alcohol consumption (alcohol) as much as 4.6%. Objective: To describe the obstacles to the implementation of local government policies in curbing the circulation of alcohol in Jayapura City. Method: This is a descriptive study using a qualitative single instrumental case study design in Jayapura City from May to September 2020. Purposive sampling technique was employed to determine participants who consisted of an integrated team of alcohol control and supervision (n =6). Data collection was using in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. Result: Communication between the integrated team was not optimal. National Food and Drug Agency (BPOM) had not routinely conducted sample tests as the majority of traditional alcoholic beverages sold in shops such as local liquors were illegal. The division of duties and responsibilities by the integrated team was good, but the execution in the field was not as agreed upon. There were alcohol traders who have not applied for licenses to sell alcohol because the process to get license permits was too complicated. The content of Perda No.8 of 2014 weakened the police because they could not give punishment like Satpol PP, however, Satpol PP did not have an investigating team. Conclusion: The lack of commitment from the control and supervision team of alcohol circulation in carrying out their duties. The resources involved were lacking. Coordination among the integrated teams was not going well thus the division of tasks and authorities with implementation actions in the field did not work according to the policy enforce in Jayapura City. Evaluation of work programs by policy implementers could be carried out to increase the success of implementation.

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