Novel psychoactive substances: use and knowledge among adolescents and young adults in urban and rural areas

A fertility survey of unmarried adolescents and young adults (953 males and 829 females) in Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana revealed that a substantial proportion of the respondents were sexually experienced. Overall, 66·8% of the males and 78·4% of the females were sexually experienced. The mean ages (±SD) of the males and females were 15·5±2·5 and 16·2±2·0 years, respectively. Most respondents claimed to have received adequate information on reproductive health and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including AIDS. However, 20% and 30% of the respondents in peri-urban and rural areas, respectively, did not know that a girl could get pregnant the first time she has sexual intercourse. The incidence of pregnancy among the unmarried female respondents was relatively high (37%), and was higher in urban than in rural areas. Approximately 47% of those who had ever been pregnant reported that they had had an abortion. Levels of contraceptive awareness were high (98·2% among males and 95·5% among females) but many still engaged in unprotected sexual relations. The most commonly used methods were the condom and the pill. The main reasons given for non-use were that they did not think about contraception, were concerned about the safety of contraceptives, and partner objection. These findings point to the need for targeting of unmarried adolescents and young adults with information on reproductive health and family planning to increase their awareness of the risks of pregnancy, STDs and HIV infection.

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Cannabis use is associated with reduced harm perception towards illicit drugs and experimentation with new psychoactive substances among European adolescents and young adults

10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa5118 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Israel Agaku ◽

Uyoyo Omaduvie ◽

Constantine Vardavas ◽

Filippos Filippidis

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

New Psychoactive Substances ◽

Psychoactive Substances

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Prevalence and predictors of high-intensity end-of-life care among adolescents and young adults with cancer in Ontario: a population-based study using the IMPACT cohort.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.10559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 10559-10559

Author(s):

Hallie Coltin ◽

Adam Rapoport ◽

Chenthila Nagamuthu ◽

Nancy N. Baxter ◽

Paul C. Nathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Young Adults ◽

End Of Life ◽

Rural Areas ◽

High Intensity ◽

Early Period ◽

Population Based ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Eol Care ◽

The Impact

10559 Background: End-of-life (EOL) care in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer is poorly characterized, though this group may be at risk of elevated rates of high-intensity (HI) care and consequently, increased EOL suffering. Few population-based studies exist, and are limited by incomplete clinical information. AYA care patterns can vary by locus of care (LOC – pediatric v. adult), but LOC disparities in AYA EOL care are unstudied. Methods: We conducted a retrospective decedent population-based cohort study of all Ontario AYA diagnosed between 15-21 years of age with 6 prevalent primary cancers between 1992-2012, who died ≤5 years from diagnosis. Chart-abstracted clinical data were linked to health services data. The primary composite outcome (HI-EOL care) included any of: intravenous chemotherapy ≤14 days from death; > 1 emergency department visit ≤30 days from death; or > 1 hospitalization or intensive care unit (ICU) admission ≤30 days from death. Secondary outcomes included measures of the most invasive (MI) EOL care: mechanical ventilation ≤14 days from death, and death in the ICU. Factors associated with HI-EOL were examined. Results: Of 483 patients, 292 (60.5%) experienced HI-EOL care, 98 (20.3%) were mechanically ventilated ≤14 days from death, and 110 (22.8%) died in the ICU. Patients with hematological malignancies (v. solid tumors) were at greatest risk of HI-EOL care (OR, 2.3; 95CI, 1.5-3.5, p < 0.01), mechanical ventilation (OR, 5.4; 95CI, 3.0-9.7, p < 0.01), and death in an ICU (OR, 4.9; 95CI, 2.8-8.5, p < 0.01). AYA who died in a pediatric center were substantially more likely to experience MI-EOL measures compared to those dying in adult centers (mechanical ventilation, OR 3.2, 95CI 1.3-7.6, p = 0.01). Assessment of interactions showed LOC-based disparities widening over the study period (ICU death in pediatric v. adult centres: early period OR 0.9, 95CI 0.3-2.9, p = 0.91; late period OR 3.3, 95CI 1.2-9.2, p = 0.02; interaction term p = 0.04). AYA living in rural areas were also at higher risk of experiencing mechanical ventilation (OR, 2.0; 95CI, 1.0-3.8, p = 0.04) and death in ICU (OR, 2.1; 95CI, 1.1-4.0, p = 0.02). Conclusions: AYA with cancer experience high rates of HI-EOL care, with patients in pediatric centers and those living in rural areas at highest risk of MI-EOL care. Our study is the first to identify LOC-based disparities in AYA EOL care. Future studies should explore mechanisms underlying these disparities, including potential differences in palliative care services.

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Present scenario of policies & hazards related to alcohol in India

International Journal of Science and Research Archive ◽

10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.2.0141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 097-106

Author(s):

Tapan Kumar Mahato ◽

Vishwakarma Singh

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cultural Difference ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Social Psychological ◽

Alcohol Policies ◽

Patterns Of Drinking ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Although the use of various psychoactive substances such as alcohol, cannabis and opioids has been observed in India for centuries. Use of psychoactive substances impacts on academic, social, psychological, economical and physiological development of people with their families negatively. Alcoholic beverages are the most important product of global addiction demand, which is a reason of many deaths and diseases worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a major problem in India because of the various reasons like socio-cultural, difference in alcohol policies and practices state wise, lack of awareness of alcohol related problems, false mass media propaganda, various patterns of alcohol consumption and as a symbol of status both in urban and rural areas across the country. As per people’s opinion, they consumes it because it induces feeling of relaxation and tranquility, suppress anxiety and increases confidence. However with increasing dose, pleasant euphoric starts which means they feels that they are in heaven and that gives way to feelings of depression. That’s why this is called as substance of abuse. This review article focuses on ethyl alcohol (alcohol),its pharmacology,policies in India, different patterns of drinking, prevalence of alcohol consumption globally and nationally, medical and other consequences like suicide and road accidents, harmful effects on the mental, physical and social health with treatment options for alcoholism.

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EPA-0797 - Epidemiology of new psychoactive substances in a sample of adolescents and young adults

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78141-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

M. Lupi ◽

G. Martinotti ◽

R. Santacroce ◽

E. Cinosi ◽

F. Petruccelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

New Psychoactive Substances ◽

Psychoactive Substances

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Prevalence and predictors of anaemia among adolescents in India: An exploration from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-476555/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shekhar Chauhan ◽

Pradeep Kumar ◽

Strong Pillar Marbaniang ◽

Shobhit Srivast ◽

Ratna Patel

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Health Concern ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Severe Anemia ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Adolescent Boys

Abstract Background Anaemia is a public health concern affecting both developed and developing countries with significant consequences for both human health as well as social and economic development. Unfortunately, the anaemia intervention program, such as the National Nutrition Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme, mostly targets infants, young children, pregnant and lactation women, and not adolescents. Therefore, this study tries to fill this gap, aimed to study the prevalence of anaemia and the associated factors among adolescent boys and girls residing in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India. Methods Secondary data analysis was performed on cross-sectional survey data from the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) project survey. Three levels of severity of anaemia were distinguished: mild anaemia, moderate anaemia, and severe anaemia. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to find the preliminary results. To provide the adjusted estimates for the analysis, multinomial regression analysis was carried out. Results Overall, a higher percentage of adolescent girls suffered from mild (42% vs. 23.7%) and moderate/severe (20% vs. 8.7%) anemia compared to the adolescent boys. Moderate/severe anemia was 0.24 and 0.49 times less likely among adolescent boys and girls, respectively, who had 10 & above years of schooling than adolescents with no schooling (p < 0.01). Rural adolescent boys were 1.22 (p < 0.10) and 1.49 times (p < 0.05) more likely to suffer from mild and moderate/severe anemia, respectively, compared to urban counterparts. Conclusion Anaemia among adolescents must be addressed through effective public health policy targeting adolescents residing in poor households and rural areas. There is a need to disseminate information about anaemia through mass media, and subsequently, the public health system may be prepared to tailor the needs of adolescent boys and girls.

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The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000588 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 516-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marc Allroggen ◽

Peter Rehmann ◽

Eva Schürch ◽

Carolyn C. Morf ◽

Michael Kölch

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Self Report ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Grandiose Narcissism ◽

Vulnerable Narcissism ◽

The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

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Epidemiological Trends in Attempted Suicide in Adolescents and Young Adults Between 1996 and 2004

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.30.3.115 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 115-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stephanie De Munck ◽

Gwendolyn Portzky ◽

Kees Van Heeringen

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

University Hospital ◽

International Studies ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Epidemiological Trends

Background: Notwithstanding the epidemiological studies indicating an increased risk of attempted suicide among adolescents and young adults, there is a scarcity of international studies that examine long-term epidemiological trends in rates and characteristics of this vulnerable group. Aims: This article describes the results of a 9-year monitoring study of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults referred to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Gent University Hospital (Belgium). Methods: Between January 1996 and December 2004, trends, sociodemographic, and methodrelated characteristics of suicide attempts were assessed by a psychiatrist on data sheets. Results: Attempted suicide rates declined from 1996 to 2001 and then rose until 2004, but did not exceed previous rates. During the 9 years of monitoring, there was a preponderance of female suicide attempters, except for 1997. Rates of attempts and of fatal suicide were negatively correlated. Significantly more males than females deliberately injured themselves. Younger attempters, especially females, significantly more often poisoned themselves with analgesics. In nearly one in five attempts, alcohol was used in combination with other methods, and alcohol intake was more commonly observed in older suicide attempters. Nearly half of the adolescents were identified as repeaters. Conclusions: The results of this study warrant further monitoring of trends and characteristics of young suicide attempters.

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Comparison of Three Questionnaires to Screen for Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000279 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 123-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anne van Alebeek ◽

Paul T. van der Heijden ◽

Christel Hessels ◽

Melissa S.Y. Thong ◽

Marcel van Aken

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Borderline Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Patient Questionnaire ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm Iv

Abstract. One of the most common personality disorders among adolescents and young adults is the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The objective of current study was to assess three questionnaires that can reliably screen for BPD in adolescents and young adults (N = 53): the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD; Zanarini et al., 2003 ), the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th edition – BPD scale (PDQ-4 BPD; Hyler, 1994 ), and the SCID-II Patient Questionnaire – BPD scale (SCID-II-PQ BPD). The nine criteria of BPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV; APA, 1994 ) were measured with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders – BPD scale (SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1995 ). Correlations between the questionnaires and the SCID-II were calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires were tested. All instruments predicted the BPD diagnosis equally well.

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