Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems

(1) Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of alcohol consumption in the PURE Poland cohort study baseline. (2) Methods: A Polish cohort was enrolled in the baseline study in 2007–2010. The study group consisted of 2021 adult participants of urban and rural areas from the Lower Silesia voivodeship in Poland (747 men and 1274 women). (3) Results: In the overall study population, 67.3% were current drinkers, 10.3% were former drinkers, and 22.4% were abstainers. Current use of alcohol products was more prevalent in men (77.2%), people living in urban areas (73.0%), and people with a higher level of education (78.0%). The percentage of current drinkers decreased with increasing age (from 73.4% in 30- to 44-year-olds to 48.8% in participants aged 64 and more). The majority of participants (89.2%) declared a low level of alcohol intake. The chance of high level of intake of alcohol was four times higher in men than in women (OR 4.17; CI 1.64–10.6). The majority of participants (54.6%) declared most frequent consumption of low-alcohol drinks (beer, wine) and 21% declared most frequent consumption of spirits. Current drinkers had almost 1.5-fold higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than never drinkers (OR 1.49, CI 1.03–2.17; OR 1.66, CI 1.27–2.18, respectively). Former drinkers had higher odds for hypertension and CVD than never drinkers (1.73, CI 1.05–2.85; OR 1.76, CI 1.22–2.53, respectively). (4) Conclusions: In our cohort study, we observed several socio-demographic factors differentiating the patterns of alcohol consumption. The preventive programs should focus predominantly on men, people aged <45 years, and those with a higher level of education.

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Knowledge and attitude of South-Indian smokers towards smoking associated health risk

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1708706 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 024-030

Author(s):

Ananya Madiyal ◽

Vidya Ajila ◽

G. Subhas Babu ◽

Shruthi Hegde

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education ◽

South Indian ◽

Intentions To Quit ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

High Level

Abstract Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of South-Indian smokers towards health effects of smoking and their intentions to quit. Study design: A cross sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted among 550 smokers hailing from South India who reported to the out-patient department of the dental hospital. Results: Highest incidence of smoking in men was seen in those who received moderate level of education and those residing in rural areas. In female smokers, the highest incidence was seen in those residing in urban areas (53.8%) with a high level of education (38.4%). We found that males continued their habit mainly to destress while females used it to socialize. Majority of the participants were aware that smoking causes a host of problems in the oral cavity and 68.18% were aware that passive smoking was injurious to the body. Most of the responders admitted to having observed warnings on tobacco products and were willing to quit the habit with help from their dentists. Conclusion: Smokers are at risk for various diseases that include the cardiovascular, respiratory and reproductive systems as well as the oral cavity. This study sheds light on the level of awareness among current tobacco users and the areas of deficiency in patient education which should be addressed by clinicians.

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Cities and villages in the religious conflict circle: Socio-demographic factors of communal and sectarian conflict in West Java, Indonesia

HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies ◽

10.4102/hts.v77i4.6854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Adon N. Jamaludin

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Religious Conflict ◽

Religious Communities ◽

West Java ◽

Sectarian Conflict ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

The One

This article analyses the forms of religious conflict in cities (urban areas) and villages (rural areas) in Indonesia. The main locus of this study is in 11 regencies and cities in West Java, a province with the highest ranking of violations of religious freedom in Indonesia for the last two decades (2000–2020). These regencies and cities include: Bekasi Regency, Bekasi City, Bogor Regency, Bogor City, Tasikmalaya Regency, Bandung Regency, Bandung City, Kuningan Regency, Garut Regency, Cianjur Regency and Cimahi City. The study confirms that the sociological characteristics of urban and rural areas influence the tendency of different forms of conflict in both areas. On the one hand, heterogeneous urban social conditions tend to have an impact on the forms of conflict between religious communities – Muslims and Christians. On the other hand, the homogeneous rural social conditions affect the forms of conflict that are internal to religious communities or fellow Muslims. This study shows that religious conflict in a region cannot be generalised because each region has different socio-demographic conditions. Therefore, knowledge of differences in socio-demographic conditions in each region is very important because it will determine the form, causes and the ways to handle the conflicts in each region.Contribution: This study contributes to mapping the different sociological characteristics of religious conflict in cities and villages in West Java. It can be used as an illustration for other regions in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.

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Comprehensive development of the economy of urban and rural areas in Russia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020804019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 208 ◽

pp. 04019

Author(s):

Elena Petrikova ◽

Iuliia Artamonova ◽

Nikita Morgunov ◽

Nikolay Tsveatcov

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Local Population ◽

High Growth ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Comprehensive Development ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

High Level

The task of comprehensive development of the economy of rural and urban areas in the regions of Russia to create socio-economic conditions for development in order to reduce population migration, ensure sustainable development of the territory, a high level and quality of life of the local population - is currently one of the priorities for the Russian economy. The study of international experience has shown that the comprehensive development of territories must begin with the construction of infrastructure that allows creating conditions for a high-quality standard of living of citizens. Then it is necessary to form the sectoral structure of the economy of the territory, which should be as diversified as possible in order to stimulate high growth in the level of income of citizens. The article discusses the principles of developing programs for the comprehensive development of the economy of the territory, the size and sources of funding for such events at the federal and regional levels, as well as the stages of implementation of measures, the reasons for the emergence of risks and restrictions that are advisable to take into account when creating comprehensive development programs, the effects at various levels from their implementation. The results obtained can be used in the implementation of the spatial strategy of Russia, taking into account the territorial and sectoral specifics of regional development.

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Diagnostic analysis of physical fitness and overweight related to adolescent health: Evaluation criteria for health

Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte ◽

10.33155/j.ramd.2016.04.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

F Nunes Valente ◽

F J Aidar ◽

D Gama de Matos ◽

R C Hickner ◽

M L Mazini Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Public Schools ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Study Groups ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between physical fitness, socio-demographic factors and overweight prevalence of adolescent schoolchildren from urban and rural cities. Methods: The study population was made up of 377 male and female teenagers 14–17 years, enrolled in randomly selected public schools in urban and rural areas the northern Brazil. Socioeconomic status, flexibility, abdominal strength, endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured. Results: The students from urban areas had a 55% (confidence interval of 95% = 1.12–2.12) more likely inadequacy physical quality and area of residence when compared to the rural area students. There was an association between muscular strength and endurance and area of residence. These odds ratio results demonstrated that the chances the students presented with inadequacy in this variable were 8.99 (confidence interval of 95% = 1.12–72.30) times higher among schoolchildren in rural compared to urban area. It was observed that 25.1% of teenagers found themselves with inadequate body composition, and the proportion of teenagers with inadequate body composition was higher (p < 0.05) for males (32.3%) compared to females (18%). Conclusion: It was concluded that there was an association between components of health related fitness and area of residence in the current study groups.

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Quantification of Land Cover Changes in Sub-urban Areas of Pekanbaru City

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/887/1/012020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 887 (1) ◽

pp. 012020

Author(s):

F. Firmansyah ◽

A. B. Raharja

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Urban Areas ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

High Level ◽

Two Stages

Abstract Morphologically, land cover, urban and rural areas have different characteristics. It is the same as Pekanbaru City area that has unique characteristics including its surrounding regencies. However, the high level of land demand caused by increasing economic activity, high natural and non-natural population growth, makes the morphology of land cover in urban and rural areas unclear. Empirically this beginning to be considered common in urban areas that have a role as a strategic point or center of economic activity, but one of the concerns is the development of unplanned and dominating areas in a space that later create a more fragile environmental conditions in suburban areas. This study aimed to identify changes in land cover and assess the level of conformity of land use in the suburbs of Pekanbaru City. This study used a description method with two stages, (1). Identifying land cover using temporal images, (2). Analyze the level of conformity of land use. The results showed that there are four patterns of land cover change in the suburbs of Pekanbaru City, especially on the road axis connecting the surrounding area. These developments indicate nonconformity of land use which has an impact on the loss of protected land and productive plantation land in the suburbs of Pekanbaru City.

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Ageing in a changing place: a qualitative study of neighbourhood exclusion

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x1900045x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 2238-2256 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lena Dahlberg

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Political Agency ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Neighbourhood Change ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

High Level

AbstractAn inclusive neighbourhood is a key facilitator enabling older adults to age in place. Neighbourhoods have been identified as a dimension of social exclusion important to older adults, and it has been argued that older adults are particularly vulnerable to neighbourhood change. The aim of this study was to explore older adults’ experiences of neighbourhood exclusion within the context of neighbourhood change. Focus groups were undertaken in the urban and rural areas of a metropolitan borough in England involving a total of 41 older adults, with data analysed via thematic analysis. Urban areas in the borough studied have transformed following the closure of the mining industry, with a high level of deprivation in many areas, while some rural areas have undergone gentrification. Within the context of structural neighbourhood change, four themes were identified: community cohesion, political agency, feelings of safety and the physical environment. The themes were interlinked, which calls for collaboration across traditional lines of professional responsibility, and for research that encompasses different aspects of neighbourhood exclusion. This study contributes with knowledge on older adults’ experiences of exclusion, including novel findings on the importance of political agency and collective memory, and identifies actions to combat exclusion. An active involvement of older adults in the development of initiatives to tackle social exclusion is recommended.

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Food Waste Behavior among Romanian Consumers: A Cluster Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229708 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9708

Author(s):

Cristina Bianca Pocol ◽

Margaux Pinoteau ◽

Antonio Amuza ◽

Adriana Burlea-Schiopoiu ◽

Alexandra-Ioana Glogovețan

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Online Survey ◽

National Level ◽

Small Cities ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Clustering Model ◽

The Subject ◽

High Level

The main objective of the current study was to conduct an investigation at the national level in order to identify types of consumers depending on their perception of food waste. To do this, an online survey was carried out on a sample of 2541 respondents. Using a K-means clustering model, three clusters of consumers were identified. Cluster 1, “Careless”, consumers who dispose of food and food waste carelessly, are people who come from rural areas or small cities and have a rather low level of education. They do not have much information on the subject of food waste and do not seem to consider it “a problem”. Cluster 2, “Precautious”, composed of responsible people who do not throw away food, are well-informed and consider that all actors in the agri-food chain have a share in the food waste problem. Those who belong to cluster 3, “Ignorant”, are mostly from urban areas and have a high level of education. They were not raised to prevent food waste and therefore lack such habits as adults. They have a fair awareness of this subject, but they do not consider themselves responsible for food waste. The results obtained indicate the need to continue the awareness and education campaigns initiated at governmental and civil society level.

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ANALISIS KERAPATAN VEGETASI UNTUK AREA PEMUKIMAN DENGAN MEMANFAATAN CITRA SATELIT LANDSAT DI KOTA TASIKMALAYA

JURNAL GEOGRAFI ◽

10.24036/geografi/vol8-iss2/845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Miftah Kurnia Hayu ◽

Riki Ridwana

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Global Warming ◽

Human Activity ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Human Life ◽

Vegetation Density ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

High Level

Global warming is an important issue to discuss because it is very impactful to human life, one of the factors influencing increase global warming is decreasing the green vegetation continuously that exist in both urban and rural areas. Especially in urban areas because it is the center of human activity. The high level of human activity centered in the city leads to an increase in the need for land use which will lead to reduced vegetation density levels. Utilization of remote sensing images can be used to determine the density of vegetation in an area. Vegetation density analysis can be done by means of digital imagery intrepetation using the transformation of NDVI (Normalized Different Vegetation Index). The purpose of this research is to know the land use through the calculation of vegetation index of residential area in Tasikmalaya city.

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The Association between Ethnicity and Level of Education with Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in the Context of the Place of Residence in Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40855/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nkemdilim P Anazonwu ◽

Chukwuedozie K Ajaero ◽

Peter O Mbah

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract BackgroundWhile researches have been done separately on ethnicity and level of education as factors of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice, there is dearth of studies on the peculiarities of EBF practice in the context place of residence as regards to the combined influence of ethnicity and level of education. To examine the association of ethnicity and level of education with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice in urban and rural areas of Nigeria.MethodsData was from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) of 2018. The sample comprised of 16,982 urban and 24,834 rural women aged 15-49 years in all the 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The outcome variable was exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) practice while the major predictor variables were ethnicity and level of education. Analyses of data were by descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square and binary logistic regression at 0.05 level of significance. ResultsHigher education levels were significantly associated with decreased engagement in EBF practice in urban and rural areas while ethnic differences were significantly associated with EBF practice in the rural areas. Being aged 25-34 years (OR=2.316; p=0.000) was significantly associated with increased odds of EBF practice in urban areas. Moreover, region of residence was significantly associated with EBF practice in the rural areas. Finally, in both rural and urban areas, households with more than two children were significantly associated with increased odds of EBF.ConclusionsMore sensitization campaigns on the need to incorporate EBF practice into formal employment work ethics where women with higher levels of education mostly work are needed in urban areas. In addition, ethnic practices, which promote EBF practices, should be encouraged in antenatal and postnatal clinics.

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The Rural-Urban Continuum of Polarization: Understanding the Geography of the 2018 Midterms

The Forum ◽

10.1515/for-2020-2102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth M. Johnson ◽

Dante J. Scala

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Political Attitudes ◽

The United States ◽

Rural America ◽

Rural Regions ◽

Urban America ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Continuum

Abstract This study of the 2018 congressional midterms demonstrates how voting patterns and political attitudes vary across a spectrum of urban and rural areas in the United States. Rural America is no more a monolith than is urban America. The rural-urban gradient is better represented by a continuum than a dichotomy. This is evident in the voting results in 2018, just as it was in 2016. We found that the political tipping point lies beyond major metropolitan areas, in the suburban counties of smaller metropolitan areas. Democrats enjoyed even greater success in densely populated urban areas in 2018 than in 2016. Residents of these urban areas display distinctive and consistent social and political attitudes across a range of scales. At the other end of the continuum in remote rural areas, Republican candidates continued to command voter support despite the challenging national political environment. Voters in these rural regions expressed social and political attitudes diametrically opposed to their counterparts in large urban cores.

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