scholarly journals Effect of Solanum gilo leaf extract on some haematological indices of albino Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Nsimah Monday Essien ◽  
Justina Nwadimma Nwangwa ◽  
Charles Cyprian Mfem ◽  
Johnbull Martins Uket ◽  
Efiok Aniekan Archibong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Haematological Indices

Solanum gilo (eggplant) is an edible vegetable whose leaf is reported to possess numerous medicinal properties due to its rich constituents. Against this backdrop, there is possibility that its consumption may have effect on haematological indices. Therefore this research sought to assess the effect of Solanum gilo leaf diet on some haemotological indices of albino wistar rats. About twenty four (24) albino wistar rats weighing between 120-150mg were randomly assigned into four groups of six animals each. Each rat was allowed to drinking water ad labitum. Control group received normal rodent chow while group 2 was fed 5% Solanum gilo diet. Group 3 was fed 10% Solanum gilo diet and group 4 received 20% Solanum gilo diet. The different diets were prepared by mixing different proportions of ground S. gilo leaves with rodent chow. Automated blood cell analyzer (Model PCE 210, Japan) was used for analysis of haematological parameters. Preliminary study on its proximate composition, showed the appreciable presence of crude fat, protein, fibre and carbohydrate. Consumption of S. gilo caused significant improvement in some blood parameters; notably packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts. Hence, eggplant is a nutritious vegetable with healing, the therapeutic and immunity properties. If exploited in human diet has the potentials of improving quality of life.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Effect of Methanolic Extract of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind on Prednisolone Suppressed Immunity in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nyejirime Young Wike ◽  
Mobisson Samuel Kelechi ◽  
Godspower Onyeso ◽  
Okekem Amadi ◽  
Elizabeth Eepho Krukru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Citrullus lanatus thumb (Cucurbitaceae) commonly called watermelon is widely consumed in this part of the world as food and medicine. This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanolic extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind on prednisolone suppressed immunity in male wistar rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats weighing 150-294g were used in 4 groups with five rats each. Group 1, the control group was given distilled water and feed, Group 2 was given 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind, Group 3 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and Group 4 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind. Prednisolone and the methanolic extract of watermelon rind were administered orally for a period of 30 days. Blood samples were collected by cardio puncture from the rats for white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and granulocyte and monocyte counts at the end of the experiment.  The data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance). Data were considered significant at p<0.05. The results obtained showed that methanolic extract of watermelon rind caused a significant increasen in immune function of rats when compared with the control and immune suppressed rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanolic Root Extract of Holarrhena floribunda on the Lipid Profile and Sex Hormones in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dennis, Amaechi ◽  
E. O. Udosen ◽  
V. S. Ekam ◽  
I. P. Ekpe
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of methanolic root extract of Holarrehna floribunda on the level of some serum sex hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and lipid profile in Wistar rats.   Materials and Methods: Twenty- four male and female Wistar rats (150-250 g body weight) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control male) took normal rat chow and drinking water. Group 2 (control female) took normal rat chow and drinking water, Group 3(Male test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda extract, Group 4(Female test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda. The feeding regimens lasted for 5weeks. Results: The values for the lipid profile shows CHOL in Group 1 and Group 3 were 4.02±0.41 mmol/l  and 5.75±0.09 mmol/l, Group 2 and Group 4 were 3.87±0.22 mmol/l  and 5.80±0.10 mmol/l  respectively, TRIG  for Group 1 and Group 3 were 1.30±0.05 mmol/l  and 2.11±0.15 mmol/l  for Groups 2 and 4 were 1.15±0.03 mmol/l  and (2.10±0.12 mmol/l,HDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 30.01±0.82 mg/dL  and 39.88± 1.24mg/dL,for Groups 2 and 4 were 29.98± 0.77 mg/dL  and 38.20± 1.83 mg/dL, LDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 2.26±0.37 mmol/L  and 4.17±0.35 mmol/L respectively, for Groups 2 and 4 were 3.27±0.47 mmol/L  and 4.06±0.21 mmol/L  respectively, shows significant increase(p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3 and 4.The values obtained showed significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3and 4The serum concentrations of FSH, Estradiol, LH and progesterone in the control Group 2 were 0.38 ±0.07mIU/mL, 7.83±0.35 mIU/mL, 15.50±0.15 Pg/mL and 0.86±0.03 ng/mL respectively, and in test Group 4 were 0.77±0.04mIU/mL, 8.75±0.17 mIU/mL, 21.09±0.79 Pg/Ml 0.33±0.05 ng/mL. Follicle stimulating hormone levels was significantly higher (p<0.05) in test group compared with control. While in Group 1 and 3, the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone in control Group 1 were (0.51 ±0.06) mIU/mL, (16.44±0.31) mIU/mL and (8.41±0.50) ng/mL respectively and in test Group 3 were 0.88±0.06 mIU/mL19.88±1.46mIU/mL and10.68±0.64 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The extract improves the level of sex hormones in both the male and female rats.  which could enhance reproductive functions in normal rats and those with loss of reproductive function.

scholarly journals Effect of prolong consumption of crude Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) gel on haematological indices in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
C. O. Nku ◽  
O. E. Ofem ◽  
U. A. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Haematological Indices

Background: Aloe vera is a succulent perennial plant that belongs to the liliaceae family and to a large family called xeroids. It is a magical plant with vast healing properties, but there is paucity in scientific literature on it effects on haematological parameters. The effect of persistent consumption of crude aqueous extract of Aloe vera on haematological indices of albino Wistar rats was investigated in this study.Methods: Twenty four rats were randomly assigned into three groups of eight rats each. Group 1 (control) received 0.26mL of normal saline o.p. Group 2 received 0.26mL of aloe vera extract for 2 weeks while group 3 received 0.26mL of aloe vera extract for 4 weeks p.o. once daily. All animals received drinking water and normal rat chow ad libitum.Results: Results revealed that the control group had a mean PCV of 37.50 ±0.98%; Hb, 11.40 ±0.39g/dL; RBC, 6.91 ±0.35 x106 cells/µL; WBC, 4.36 ±0.54 x103 cells/µL and platelet count, 670.13 ±41.01 x103 cells/µL. These blood parameters were not significantly different in group 2 animals compared with controls, but were significantly higher in group 3 rats compared with controls. Differential WBC counts were as follows for control values: neutrophils, 23.25 ±2.39%; lymphocytes, 72.88 ± 2.55%; monocytes, 0.13 ±0.13%; eosinophils, 3.00 ±0.71% and basophils, 0.13 ±0.12%. Lymphocytes were significantly (p<0.05) higher in group 3 compared with control group.Conclusion: Aloe vera extract contains phytochemicals that boost blood parameters and immunity on prolong consumption. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.11106Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 58-61

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of various analgesic drugs in Wistar rats used as a teaching tool to teach animal experiments to post graduate MD Pharmacology students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Mirza Atif Beg ◽  
Shakti Bala Dutta ◽  
Hitender Kumar ◽  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Shalu Bawa
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

 Background: Postgraduates when join Pharmacology department, they don’t have much idea about guidelines and methods to do animal experiments. This study was designed to sensitize postgraduate students to animal experiments by evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects and the efficacy of diclofenac, tramadol and etoricoxib in reducing paw edema in wistar rats.Methods: The wistar rats of 225-250gram were divided into four groups (n=10 each). In all the groups the paw edema on right paw was created using 0.1ml of 1% formalin subcutaneously. Group 1 rats (control), group 2 were given diclofenac, group 3 were given tramadol and group 4 were given etoricoxib orally. The parameters assessed were water displacement in plethysmography after 2, 4, 24, 48 hours of giving the drug. The circumference of edematous paws after 4 hours, licking of paw was observed over 30minutes of giving the drug and was compared. Pre and post study feedback were obtained from the students by using a preformed questionnaire to assess the knowledge gained by the students.Results: The test showed that all the drugs were effective in reducing inflammation, circumference of edema and the licking duration significantly (p<0.05). The post study answering of questions by postgraduate was 100% in comparison to pre-study answering which was 33%.Conclusions: A short animal study conducted as a teaching tool to postgraduate students was able to teach the guidelines of animal experiments and handling of animals effectively.

scholarly journals Hematology of 2, 4 (Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine) Induced Anaemic Rat Administered with Ficus capensis Fruits and Leave Extract

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
N. N. Umerah ◽  
J. I. Okoye ◽  
A. I. Asouzu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Anemia is regarded as public health challenge and is predominant in developing countries due to nutritional deficiencies. Aim/Objectives: The study was carried out to evaluate the biological properties of Ficus capensis fruits and vegetables on some haematological parameters in 2, 4 (dinitrophenyl hydrazine) induced anemic rat. Materials and Methods: Ficus capensis leaves and fruits were separately plucked, sorted cleaned. Twenty male adult rats were purchased from the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each on the basis of body weight. The rats in all the groups received 2, 4-DNPH (20 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 7 days to induce anaemia. Group I were fed rat chow alone, group 2 were fed rat chow with ferrous sulphate, group 3 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis leaves extract and group 4 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis seed extract. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and fruits were tested for haematinic effects in albino rats. Blood parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, White Blood Cell (WBC) count and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured. Results: The result showed that the mean PCV baseline of the rats were (38.72-39.24%), mean PCV of anemic rats (33.01- 34.60%) and the mean PCV of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (34.10%), group 2 (51.81%), group 3 (40.20%) and group 4 (38.20%).The result showed that the mean HB baseline of the rats were (9.67-10.47 g/dl), mean HB of anemic rats (6.50- 7.10 g/dl) and the mean HB of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (6.51 g/dl), group 2 (12.32 g/dl), group 3 (9.73 g/dl) and group 4 (9.69 g/dl). The results of the effect of the extracts on the haematological parameters indicated that oral administration of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis leaves and fruits after 22 days exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in haematinic activity by increasing the blood parameters Hb, PCV, WBC and RBC.

scholarly journals The effects of Dried Guava Waste and Dried Olive Cake as Substitutes for Alfalfa on Rabbit Farm Profit

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Noha Wahed ◽  
Sanad Attalah ◽  
Ragab Darwish ◽  
Mohamed Fouda
Keyword(s):  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Farm Profit ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of adding dried guava waste and dried olive cake as substitution of alfalfa in diet on rabbit farm profits. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Thirty-six Hypluse white rabbits at the age of 33 days with an average body weight of 696.6 g. Procedures: Rabbits were allocated into four groups of nine animals each. Group 1 (Control group) was fed on a basal rabbit diet. Group 2 was fed on a diet containing 5% dried guava waste (DGW) as a substitute for alfalfa, Group 3 which was fed on a diet containing 5% dried olive cake (DOC) as a substitute for alfalfa, and Group 4 which received a diet containing combination of both 5% DGW and 5% DOC as a substitute for alfalfa. Results: The addition of 5% DGW and 5% DOC in diets of rabbits as a substitute for alfalfa resulted in improvements in body weights of animals when compared to the basal diets, whereas the inclusion of the two materials in the diet of rabbits lowered the body weights of animals. The feed intake in group (two and three) was lower than that of the control group. Groups (two and three) showed lower values of feed costs, total variable costs and higher total return, and thus had higher values of profits when compared to the control group. Group four showed higher total variable costs and total costs, while the total return was the lowest and consequently the profit was the lowest also. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The addition of either 5% DGW or DOC in diets of rabbits to substitute a portion of alfalfa appeared satisfactory for rabbit farm profit as their profit were higher than control group by 5.37 and 11.74 LE respectively, while their combination did not appear to be useful and therefore was not recommended.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Sauropus androgynus Leaves Extract To Improve Cognitive Function in Wistar Rats Induced Alzheimer’s

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Rachmat Hidayat ◽  
Raden Ayu Adelia Safitri ◽  
Tungki Pratama Umar ◽  
Arindi Maretzka
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid Formation ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background Sauropus androgynus leaves is the substance which has the potency to prevent degenerative processes. Sauropus androgynus leaves has flavonoid as the main component. Flavonoid has antioxidant and anti neuro-inflammation that can be used to prevent Alzheimer dementia. Research purpose is knowing the effect of Sauropus androgynus leaves for the cognitive function and β-amyloid expression in the hippocampus of wistar rats. Methods Reseacrh was done by in vivo method, where male wistar rats (n=24) were distributed to six groups which consisting of four rats. Group 1: Normal control, group 2: positive control, group 3: standard treatment (B12 vitamin), group 4, 5 and 6 were give Sauropus androgynus leaves extract with the dose of 75 mg/kgBB, 150 mg/kgBB and 300 mg/kgBB, respectively for 28 days. Cognitive function was evaluated by t-maze test, where hippocampal β-amyloid expression was tested by immunohistochemistry. Results Time differences (day 0-28), alternation ratio distinction (day 0-28) and β-amiloid expression were: group 1 (1,84 second; 0,23 unit; 0,518%), group 2 (56,78 second; -0,42 unit; 40,036%), group 3 (34,46 second; -0,25 unit; 33,08%), group 4 (32,83  second; -0,09 unit; 28,88%), group 5 (-3,91 second; 0,42 unit; 14,728%), group 6 (24,25 second; 0,42 unit; 9,4%). Conclusion Sauropus androgynus leaves extract at the dose of 150 mg/kgBB and 300 mg/kgBB can maintain cognitive function by decreasing hippocampal β-amyloid formation.

The Effects of the "XGTQ" Medicine in Treating Cirrhosis in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Thang Duong Minh ◽  
Tuan Anh Hoang ◽  
Son Le Ngoc Bich ◽  
Duong Nguyen Huu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Collagen Accumulation ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Evaluate the effects of "XGTQ" in the treatment of cirrhosis induced by Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in combination with alcohol and high-fat diet on Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Cirrhosis on white rats was induced by subcutaneously injecting CC14 at an initial dose of 5,0ml/kg, followed by 1,2ml/kg once a week in 10 weeks. Then, fed with synthetic food, added 20% fat, and 0.05% cholesterol and iron oxalate. Rats were administered every day with plain water and 1 day with water mixed with 30% ethanol. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and given distilled water (group 1 and 2 or control group), silymarin (group 3 or reference group) or the "XGTQ" drug extract (group 4, 5) for 4 weeks. Collected blood for biochemical test and liver were dissected to evaluate weight, morphology and quantified 4-hydroxyproline to evaluate fibrosis and collagen accumulation. Results: In cirrhotic wistar rats, "XGTQ" drug at 19.6 g/kg/24h and 58.8 g/kg/24h showed the ability of reducing the activity of enzymes AST, ALT in the blood (p<0.01), increasing plasma albumin and decreasing prothrobin time (p<.05); improving physical condition, macroscopic and microscopic images of H&E-stained liver; decreasing the concentration of hydroxyproline in the liver and reducing the level of cirrhosis on the masson-stained templates. The effects of "XGTQ" increased with the dose, and was equivalent to silymarin at the dose of 70 mg/kg/24h. Conclusion: The extract of "XGTQ" drug is effective in treating cirrhosis in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect of MnTE-2-PyP on Lung in Asthma Mice Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmil Terziev ◽  
Violeta Dancheva ◽  
Veneta Shopova ◽  
Galya Stavreva
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To investigate the effects of MnTE-2-PyP on some markers of antioxidant defence system in asthma mice model.Material and Methods. The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, controls; group 2, injected with ovalbumin, group 3, treated with MnTE-2-PyP, and group 4, treated with ovalbumin and MnTE-2-PyP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups content (NPSH) were determined in lung homogenate.Results. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in group 2 decreased significantly as compared to control group. The decrease of the same enzymes in group 4 was lower and significant as compared to group 2. Changes in the glutathione peroxidase activity showed a similar dynamics. The NPSH groups content decreased in group 2. In group 4 this decrease was relatively lower as compared to group 2.Conclusions. The application of MnTE-2-PyP mitigated the effects of oxidative stress in asthma mice model.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of medical treatment in overcoming the ureteral double-J stent related symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Kuyumcuoglu ◽  
Bilal Eryildirim ◽  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Gokhan Faydaci ◽  
Fatih Tarhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Double J Stent ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Stone Treatment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background: We investigated whether the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increased in patients in whom double-J stents were applied. We also evaluated several medical therapy protocols to treat symptoms related with ureteral stents.Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients, in whom unilateral double-j stent was applied during ureteral stone treatment, were included. Before the double-J stent was applied, all patients completed storage components of the “International Prostate Symptom Score” (IPSSs), quality of life components of the IPSS (IPSS-QOL) and “Overactive Bladder Questionnaire” (OABq) forms and scores were calculated. After the procedure, cases were randomized into 5 groups, an antiinflammatory was given to Group 1, spasmolytic to Group 2, anticholinergic to Group 3 and α-blocker to Group 4. No additional drug was given to Group 5 as this control group. During the fourth week of the procedure, IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq forms were again completed and scores were compared with the previous ones.Results: When all the cases were evaluated, the IPSSs, IPSS-QOLand OABq scores of patients in whom the double-J stent was applied were statistically significantly higher the procedure. Compared to the control group, the cases where the double-J stent was applied showed a higher IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq scores and none of the medical therapies could prevent this increase.Interpretation: The frequency of LUTS increased in cases where the ureteral stent was applied and discomfort continued as long as the stent stayed in the body.

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