scholarly journals https://wjbphs.com/content/visibility-and-invisibility-women-contribution-environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 069-071
Author(s):  
Dhaswadikar U. S.
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Women Scientists ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenging Students ◽  
Women And Science ◽  
Explicit Discussion

Recent study about women and science is a good source of material for addressing the under representation of women in science. This article is the result of an interdisciplinary fusion of science and women’s studies in environment. Discipline demographics reveal that women are presented to textbooks less often expected and that explicit discussion of the social and cultural context is enriched with material about women’s contributions, students’ awareness of women scientists improves. Such knowledge of women can play a critical role in proactively challenging students’ perceptions of ecology.

Women in science: from images to data

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Jami
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women Scientists ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract In recent decades research in the social sciences, including in the history of science, has shown that women scientists continue to be depicted as exceptions to the rule that a normal scientist is a man. The underlying message is that being an outstanding scientist is incompatible with being an ordinary woman. From women scientists’ reported experiences, we learn that family responsibilities as well as sexism in their working environment are two major hindrances to their careers. This experience is now backed by statistical analysis, so that what used to be regarded as an individual problem for each woman of science can now be identified as a multi-layered social phenomenon, to be analysed and remedied as such. Over the last five years, international scientific unions have come together to address these issues, first through the Gender Gap in Science Project, and recently through the setting up of a Standing Committee for Gender Equality in Science (SCGES) whose task is to foster measures to reduce the barriers that women scientists have to surmount in their working lives.

scholarly journals From “Her” Problem to “Our” Problem: Using an Individual Lens Versus a Social-Structural Lens to Understand Gender Inequity in STEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathi N. Miner ◽  
Jessica M. Walker ◽  
Mindy E. Bergman ◽  
Vanessa A. Jean ◽  
Adrienne Carter-Sowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Gender Inequity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
And Mathematics

Increasing the representation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is one of our nation's most pressing imperatives. As such, there has been increased lay and scholarly attention given to understanding the causes of women's underrepresentation in such fields. These explanations tend to fall into two main groupings: individual-level (i.e., her) explanations and social-structural (i.e., our) explanations. These two perspectives offer different lenses for illuminating the causes of gender inequity in STEM and point to different mechanisms by which to gain gender parity in STEM fields. In this article, we describe these two lenses and provide three examples of how each lens may differentially explain gender inequity in STEM. We argue that the social-structural lens provides a clearer picture of the causes of gender inequity in STEM, including how gaining gender equity in STEM may best be achieved. We then make a call to industrial/organizational psychologists to take a lead in addressing the societal-level causes of gender inequality in STEM.

Women in science: Theatrical representations and the realities they mirror

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Jeanne Tiehen
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Culturally Relevant ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Women Scientists ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Theatrical Representations ◽  
Practice Of Science ◽  
The Way

Abstract The practice of science can be affected by gender biases, which may alter the paths and careers of women. In consideration of this reality, this article analyses two science plays that position women as main characters and scientists. Examining Shelagh Stephenson's An Experiment with an Air Pump (1999) and Anna Ziegler's Photograph 51 (2011), the article illustrates how theatre mirrors real world realities, and how the portrayal of women in science plays illuminates their challenges and contributions in science. These plays are then compared to the life experiences described by Eileen Pollack, author of The Only Woman in the Room: Why Science is Still a Boys' Club, and recent studies that document the adversity women in the sciences still endure. In conclusion, this article proposes that the representation of women in science onstage is culturally relevant and important to the way we can reconsider the treatment of women scientists.

scholarly journals Women’s representation in national science academies: An unsettling narrative

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (7/8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Ngila ◽  
Nelius Boshoff ◽  
Frances Henry ◽  
Roseanne Diab ◽  
Shirley Malcom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women In Science ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
National Science ◽  
Average Share

Science academies are well placed to contribute towards strengthening of national systems of innovation through advocating for an increased participation of girls and women in science. To successfully do so, academies would need to overcome challenges faced with regard to women’s representation in their own ranks and women’s resultant full participation in the activities of national science academies. We collected baseline data on the representation of women scientists in the membership and governance structures of national science academies that are affiliated with IAP: the Global Network of Science Academies. Women academy members remained far below parity with men, given that women’s membership was typically about 12%. Women members were better represented in the social sciences, humanities and arts but the corresponding shares rarely exceeded 20%. In the natural sciences and engineering, women’s membership remained well below 10%. On average, the largest share of women members (17%) was associated with academies in Latin America and the Caribbean. The average share of women serving on governing bodies was 20%. To change this unsettling narrative, the importance of academies of science annually collecting, analysing and reporting gender-disaggregated data on membership and activities is highlighted as a key recommendation. Several aspects of women’s representation and participation in national science academies are highlighted for further investigation.

scholarly journals Let's Get Organised: Practicing and Valuing Scientific Work inside and outside the Laboratory

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Garforth ◽  
Anne Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
Women And Science ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk

Over the past thirty years there has been a significant turn towards practice and away from institutions in sociological frameworks for understanding science. This new emphasis on studying ‘science in action’ ( LATOUR 1987 ) and ‘epistemic cultures’ ( KNORR CETINA 1999 ) has not been shared by academic and policy literatures on the problem of women and science, which have focused on the marginalisation and under-representation of women in science careers and academic institutions. In this paper we draw on elements of both these approaches to think about epistemic communities as simultaneously practical and organisational. We argue that an understanding of organisational structures is missing in science studies, and that studies of the under-representation of women lack attention to the detail of how scientific work is done in practice. Both are necessary to understand the gendering of science work. Our arguments are based on findings of a qualitative study of bioscience researchers in a British university. Conducted as part of a European project on knowledge production, institutions and gender the UK study involved interviews, focus groups and participant observation in two laboratories. Drawing on extracts from our data we look first at laboratories as relatively unhierarchical communities of practice. We go on to show the ways in which institutional forces, particularly contractual insecurity and the linear career, work to reproduce patterns of gendered inequality. Finally, we analyse how these patterns shape the gendered value and performance of ‘housekeeping work’ in the laboratory.

Why women stay poor: An examination of urban poverty in India

Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-178
Author(s):  
Koumari Mitra ◽  
Gail R. Pool
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Social

In this paper the relationship of women to poverty in urban areas is explored and the need to understand the gender dimension of poverty in a specific cultural context is emphasised. In recent years there has been an increasing trend to incorporate the gender dimension in the analysis of poverty. The féminisation of poverty is a term used to describe the overwhelming representation of women among the poor. The present study examines the gender bias of poverty which underlies the social and economic subordination of women and the effects of gender on access to basic amenities such as education, health care and labour force participation. The 1996 World Bank publication, Poverty Reduction and the World Bank, identified three components to urban poverty: 1) provision of basic services such as water, sanitation, drainage and roads; 2) taking action on the top threats to health (lead, dust and microbial diseases); 3) making municipal finance more businesslike and inclusive. While these are commendable objectives, the problems of urban poverty for women can be examined in a qualitative way from the point view of how these goals are absorbed into the social and cultural surroundings of the urban poor. Why women are more vulnerable to poverty will be considered here and how the causes and experience of poverty differ by gender are determined, followed by some remarks on how to alleviate women's poverty.

Women break down the barriers to the Vietnamese social sciences and humanities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Income Country ◽  
The West ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Valian rightly made a case for better recognition of women in science during the Nobel week in October 2018 (Valian, 2018). However, it seems most published views about gender inequality in Nature focused on the West. This correspondence shifts the focus to women in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC).

Empathy not quarantined: Association between people’s empathy to others and the COVID-19 pandemic situations based on a national survey study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Jiang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Bu Zhong ◽  
Xuebing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Social

BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic had turned the world upside down, but not much is known about how people’s empathy might be affected by the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study examined 1) how empathy towards others might be influenced by the social support people obtained by using social media; and 2) how the individual demographics (e.g., age, income) may affect empathy. METHODS A national survey (N = 943) was conducted in China in February 2020, in which the participants read three real scenarios about low-income urban workers (Scenario I), small business owners in cities (Scenario II), and farmers in rural areas (Scenario III) who underwent hardship due to COVID-19. After exposure to others’ difficulties in the scenarios, the participants’ empathy and anxiety levels were measured. We also measured the social support they had by using social media. RESULTS Results show that social support not only positively impacted empathy, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario I, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario II, and β = .29, P < .001 for Scenario III, but also interacted with anxiety in influencing the degree to which participants could maintain empathy towards others, β = .08, P = .010 for Scenario I, and β = .07, P = .033 for scenario II. Age negatively predicted empathy for Scenario I, β = -.08, P = .018 and Scenario III, β = -.08, P = .009, but not for Scenario II, β = -.03, P = .40. Income levels – low, medium, high – positively predicted empathy for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 8.10, P < .001, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = 2.14, P = .12, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 2.93, P = .06. Participants living in big cities expressed greater empathy towards others for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 4.03, P =.018, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = .81, P = .45, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 1.46, P =.23. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the literature by discovering the critical role empathy plays in people’s affective response to others during the pandemic. Anxiety did not decrease empathy. However, those gaining more social support on social media showed more empathy for others. Those who resided in cities with higher income levels were more empathetic during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study reveals that the social support people obtained helped maintain empathy to others, making them resilient in challenging times.

The social contagion of utility value: How parents’ beliefs about the usefulness of science predict their children’s motivation and achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 014303432098520
Author(s):  
Ma. Jenina N. Nalipay ◽  
Yuyang Cai ◽  
Ronnel B. King
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Motivation And Achievement

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether parents’ utility value perceptions predicted their children’s utility value perceptions, demonstrating social contagion effects. We also examined whether utility value would predict achievement. This is a cross-sectional study that utilized data from a subsample of adolescent students from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA 2015), which focused on science learning and achievement from 18 regions. We performed multi-level structural equation modeling to analyze the data. Results revealed that parents’ utility value perceptions predicted students’ utility value perceptions, which, in turn, predicted science achievement. The findings of this study provide evidence of the social contagion of utility value perceptions from parents to their children and the critical role of utility value in predicting achievement across various regions/countries. Our study highlights the crucial role parents play in adolescents’ motivational and learning outcomes and suggest parental involvement in programs toward enhancing adolescents’ motivation and achievement.

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