Karakterisasi Proses Gasifikasi Sampah Organik dengan Variasi Jenis Bahan

One of the abundant energy source in Indonesia is organic waste in the form of leafs and branches which is widely avalilable in homeyard. It can be utilized as alternative energy source by gasification process. The objective of the study was to know the influence of raw material and AFR to the characteristic of organic waste gasification process. The raw material used were leafs and branches of melinjo (gnetum gnemon) which obtained from homeyard of inhabitant in Sidomoyo village, Godean sub-district, Sleman Regency, Indonesia. Before being gasified, it was prepared for proximate analysis in laboratorium. The gasification begins by feeding the raw material to the reactor with variation of 100% leaf, 100% branch, and 50%-50% leaf and branch. The gasification process was occured in reactor for one hour, and syn gas which produced has been analized to know the composition of it. Result shows that raw material have influenced the characteristic of gasification process. The highest heating rate was occured for gasification process of 100% leaf and AFR 0.5, which it gas has burned after 25 minuted process in oxidation temperature of 650 0C, reduction temperature of 350 0C, and pyrolysis temperature of 240 0C.

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KARATERISTIK TANAH GAMBUT SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF

Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan) ◽

10.20527/jukung.v4i2.6583 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Ghofur ◽

Aqli Mursadin

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Alternative Energy Source ◽

Key Word

Berdasarkan ketersediaan sumber daya gambut yang besar di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, maka peluang untuk memanfaatkan potensi tanah gambut sebagai sumber energi alternatif sangat besar. Sumber energi yang didapat dari minyak, gas bumi, dan batubara sedikit demi sedikit berkurang, sehingga perlu dicarikan sumber energi alternatif. Peneliti Lahan Gambut dari Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rawa Pertanian (Balittra) Banjarbaru, Dr Muhammad Noor dalam berita Banjarmasin post tanggal 24 Nopember 2005 tentang “PLN Melirik Lahan Gambut” menjelaskan, dalam gambut memang terdapat energi yang dapat membangkitkan tenaga listrik, energi yang terdapat dalam gambut cukup tinggi yakni sekitar 5.000 kilo kalori per kilogram. Di Kalsel, keberadaannya setara dengan 65 miliar barel minyak bumi atau sebesar 10 juta barel per tahun energi yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut beberapa perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana usaha untuk melakukan tanah gambut untuk menjadi sumber energi alternatif yang berkualitas dan mudah digunakan, bagimana karateristik tanah gambut sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Salah satu cara untuk mengoptimalkan potensi gambut adalah memanfaatkannya sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan briket yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar altematif . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah a) memanfaatkan ketersediaan sumber daya alam dengan menggunakan tanah gambut sebagai energi alternatif dan b ) mengetahui Nilai kalori, berat jenis, kadar air dan kadar abu di wilayah studi. Tanah gambut yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk energi alternatif berasal dari Desa Gambut Kabupaten Banjar. Prosedur pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan terhadap karateristik tanah gambut diwilayah studi sebagai sumber energi. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa untuk tanah gambut di Desa Gambut Kec. Gambut bisa untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dengan teknologi pembriketan. Dengan nilai Kadar Air 0,10%, Kadar Abu 72,65%, berat jenis 2,11 Gs dengan nilai kalori 579,2 cal/g bisa digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Key word : energi alternatif, nilai kalori, tanah gambut. Based on the availability of large peat resources in the province of South Kalimantan, the opportunity to utilize the potential of peat soil as an alternative energy source is very large. Energy sources derived from oil, natural gas, and coal gradually diminish, so alternative energy sources are needed. Peatland Researchers from the Agricultural Swamp Research Institute (Balittra) Banjarbaru, Dr. Muhammad Noor in the Banjarmasin post on November 24, 2005 on "PLN Looking at Peatlands" explained that in peat there is indeed energy that can generate electricity, energy contained in peat quite high at around 5,000 kilos of calories per kilogram. In South Kalimantan, its existence is equivalent to 65 billion barrels of oil or 10 million barrels per year of energy produced. Based on this background, several formulations of the problem in this study are how to make peat soils to be a quality alternative energy source that is easy to use, how the characteristics of peat soil as an alternative energy source. One way to optimize the potential of peat is to use it as a raw material in making briquettes that can be used as alternative fuels. The purpose of this study is a) utilizing the availability of natural resources by using peat soil as alternative energy and b) knowing the calorific value, specific gravity, moisture content and ash content in the study area. Peat soil used as raw material for alternative energy comes from the Gambut Village of Banjar Regency. The procedure for conducting research was carried out on the characteristics of peat soil in the study area as an energy source. From the results of this study indicate that for peat soil in the village of Gambut Kec. Peat can be used as an alternative fuel with briquette technology. With a value of 0.10% moisture content, ash content 72.65%, specific gravity of 2.11 Gs with a calorific value of 579.2 cal / g can be used as an alternative fuel. Key word: alternative energy, calorific value, peat soil.

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ENHANCEMENT OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF EM1707PTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) BY ADDING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS SOLID FUEL IN GASIFICATION PROCESS

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v22i2.1566 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 10-20

Author(s):

Amadou Dioulde Donghol Diallo ◽

Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib ◽

Md Zahangir Alam ◽

Maizirwan Mel

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Environmental Benefit ◽

Gasification Process

Empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass-based waste, was deemed a potential replacement for fossil fuel. It is renewable and carbon neutral. The efficient management of this potential energy will help to deal with the problem associated with fossil fuels. However, a key parameter for evaluating the quality of raw material (EFB) as a fuel in energy applications is the calorific value (CV). When this CV is low, then its potential utilization as feedstock will be restricted. To tackle this shortcoming, we propose to add municipal solid waste to enhance energetic value. Thus, two major issues will be solved: managing solid residues and contributing an alternative energy source. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of mixing EFB and municipal solid waste (MSW) to make clean energy that is conscious of the environment (climate change) and sustainable development. The selected MSW, comprising of plastics, textiles, foam, and cardboard, were mixed, with EFB at various ratios. Proximate analysis was used to determine moisture content, ash, volatiles, and fixed carbon, whilst elemental analysis, is used to determine CHNS/O for MSW, EFB and their various mixtures. The CV of each element was also measured. The research revealed a significant increase in the calorific value of EFB by mixing it with MSW according to MSW/EFB ratios: 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 and 1.50 the corresponding calorific values in (MJ/kg) were 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 and 28.47 respectively. While the calorific value of pure EFB was 16.86 MJ/kg, the mixing of EFB with MSW promoted the increase in the CV of EFB to an average of 23.83MJ/kg. Another potential environmental benefit of applying this likely fuel was the low chlorine (0.21 wt. % to 0.95 wt. %) and sulfur concentrations (0.041 wt. % to 0.078 wt.%). This potential fuel could be used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) or refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a pyrolysis or gasification process with little to no environmental effects. ABSTRAK: Tandan buah kosong (EFB), sisa berasaskan biojisim, adalah berpotensi sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Ia boleh diperbaharui dan karbon neutral. Pengurusan berkesan pada potensi tenaga ini dapat membantu mengatasi masalah melibatkan bahan bakar fosil. Namun, kunci parameter bagi menilai kualiti bahan mentah (EFB) sebagai bahan bakar dalam aplikasi tenaga adalah nilai kalori (CV). Apabila CV rendah, potensi menjadi stok suapan adalah terhad. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini mencadangkan sisa pepejal bandaran ditambah bagi meningkatkan nilai tenaga. Oleh itu, dua isu besar dapat diselesaikan: mengurus sisa pepejal dan menambah sumber tenaga alternatif. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi campuran tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan sisa pepejal bandaran (MSW) bagi menghasilkan tenaga bersih dari sudut persekitaran (perubahan iklim) dan pembangunan lestari. Pemilihan MSW, terdiri daripada plastik, tekstil, gabus dan kadbod, dicampurlan dengan pelbagai nisbah EFB. Analisis proksimat telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan kandungan kelembapan, abu, ruapan, dan karbon tetap, manakala analisis asas telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan CHNS/O bersama MSW, EFB dan pelbagai campuran lain. Nilai kalori (CV) setiap elemen turut diukur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penambahan ketara dalam nilai kalori EFB dengan campuran bersama MSW berdasarkan nisbah MSW/EFB 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 dan 1.50 nilai kalori sepadan (MJ/kg) adalah 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 dan 28.47 masing-masing. Manakala nilai kalori EFB tulen adalah 16.86 MJ/kg, campuran EFB dan MSW menunjukkan kenaikan CV dengan EFB pada purata 23.83MJ/kg. Antara potensi semula jadi lain adalah dengan mencampurkan bahan bakar ini dengan kalori rendah (0.21 wt. % kepada 0.95 wt. %) dan kepekatan sulfur (0.041 wt. % kepada 0.078 wt.%). Bahan bakar ini berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar pepejal sampah (SRF) atau bahan bakar yang terhasil dari pepejal sampah (RDF) melalui proses pirolisis atau proses gasifikasi yang sedikit atau tiada kesan langsung terhadap persekitaran.

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Pyrolysis of Coconut Coir and Shell as Alternative Energy Source

Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan ◽

10.15294/jbat.v7i2.11393 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 115-120

Author(s):

Khalimatus Sa'diyah ◽

Fatchur Rohman ◽

Winda Harsanti ◽

Ivan Nugraha ◽

Nur Ahmad Febrianto

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Operating Temperature ◽

Raw Material ◽

Heating Process ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Alternative Energy Source ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Coconut Coir

Biomass waste can be used as raw material for bio-oil manufacture. One of the biomass is coconut coir and shell waste, commonly used as a substitute for firewood and handicraft materials. Therefore it takes effort to use coconut coir and shell to increase its economic value. One of the waste processing efforts is through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the heating process of a substance in the absence of oxygen and produces products of solids, liquids and gases. The product of pyrolysis liquid is called bio-oil which can be used as alternative energy source. In this study, coconut coir and shell was pyrolysed as bio-oil. It also studied pyrolysis operating temperature and the amount of yield of bio-oil produced. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor with a pressure of 1 atm and a varying operating temperature of 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C for 60 minutes. The reactor was equipped with a condenser as a cooling column. The mass of raw materials used was 500 grams with a size of 0.63 mm. The results of the research show that the higher the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced. For coconut coir pyrolysis it was obtained the highest yield of 34.2%, with density of 1.001 g/ml and viscosity of 1.351 cSt. As for coconut shell pyrolysis it was obtained highest yield of 45,2% with density of 1,212 g/ml and viscosity of 1.457 cSt. From the result of analysis using FTIR, the functional group of bio-oil was the most compound of phenol and alkene.

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Production of Biogas from Organic Waste and its Utilization as an Alternative Energy Source

International Journal of Environment Agriculture and Biotechnology ◽

10.22161/ijeab/3.3.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 763-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sriharti Sriharti ◽

Moeso Andrianto ◽

Fahriansyah Fahriansyah

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Alternative Energy Source

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The Importance of Humidity on Agricultural and Forestry Biomass in the Process of Pellets and Agri-Pellets Production

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:5101 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Valentin VLĂDUŢ ◽

Mihai CHIŢOIU ◽

Aurel DANCIU ◽

Mirela MILITARU ◽

Carol LEHR

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Energy Costs ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Alternative Energy Source ◽

Major Interest ◽

Reducing Energy ◽

The Ideal

Renewable energy represents a major interest field in the sustainable development of the energies reserve. Agri-pellets are an efficient version of the average pellet, both in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and in reducing energy costs. Agri-pellets are obtained through mixtures of vegetal and forestry waste, being an alternative to the usual pellets because the material that is used in the process can be easily found, especially in the case of farms. Agricultural and forestry biomass represent the raw material for pellets and agri-pellets processing, a product that is used as an alternative energy source to classic versions (wood). The mixtures humidity is very important because it has a major impact on product quality. Determining the ideal humidity for each type of pellets/agri-pellets is important in order to establish optimal mixtures, this paper presenting research results on determining the humidity influence on pellet and agri-pellet recipes.

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