scholarly journals Synthesis of Methyl Ester Nitrate from Mahogany Seed Oil (Swietenia mahagoni Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Rustam Musta ◽  
Laily Nurliana ◽  
Muh. Mahatir Halulanga
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Nucleophilic Addition ◽  
Electrophilic Substitution ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Nitration of methyl ester from mahogany oil (Swietenia mahagoniLinn) can be produced by Methyl Ester Nitrate (MEN), an additive that is useful for increasing Cetane Numbers in diesel fuel. This study aims to determine the yield of MEN that can be produced from mahogany seed oil after esterification, trans-esterification, and nitration and to identify the MEN compounds produced. Mahogany oil is obtained by pressing mahogany seeds and then degumming to remove the gum. Mahogany oil-free gum is esterified using methanol with the mole ratio of oil: methanol (1: 6), then trans-esterified, also using methanol with mole ratio (1:15) and a methyl ester is obtained. Then the methyl ester was nitrated with HNO3, sulfuric acid, and acetic anhydride to obtain a translucent reddish colored MEN product with a yield of 24.99%. The success of the synthesis was shown by the FTIR spectrophotometer in the presence of absorption at 1550 cm-1 which indicated the presence of the C-ONO2 group, the absorption at 1365 cm-1 indicated the presence of the NO2 group, and at 1118 cm-1 indicated the presence of the C-N group. The reaction mechanism that occurs during the predicted nitration reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction and nucleophilic addition.

Acetic Anhydride Mediated Retro-Ene Reaction via a [4.4.3]Propel­lane Skeleton Intermediate Containing a Quaternary Ammonium Linkage

Synthesis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (21) ◽  
pp. 4263-4269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nagase ◽  
Noriki Kutsumura ◽  
Takahiro Okada ◽  
Satomi Imaide ◽  
Hideaki Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Nucleophilic Addition ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Acetoxy Group ◽  
Ene Reaction ◽  
Deuterated Derivative ◽  
Nitrogen Functional Group

A novel retro-ene reaction via a [4.4.3]propellane intermediate containing a quaternary ammonium linkage was developed. The feature of this acetic anhydride mediated rearrangement includes the elimination of an acetoxy group at the C14 position and subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic addition of a nitrogen functional group to form an isolable ammonium salt intermediate. We clarified the reaction mechanism utilizing the deuterated derivative.

Experimental investigations to predict optimistic biodiesel(s) and its optimistic operating conditions by varying ignition delay period and fuel spray pressures for lower emissions and better performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (19) ◽  
pp. 3890-3902
Author(s):  
Vishal V Patil ◽  
Ranjit S Patil
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Ignition Delay Period

In this study, different characteristics of sustainable renewable biodiesels (those have a high potential of their production worldwide and in India) were compared with the characteristics of neat diesel to determine optimistic biodiesel for the diesel engine at 250 bar spray pressure. Optimistic fuel gives a comparatively lower level of emissions and better performance than other selected fuels in the study. Rubber seed oil methyl ester was investigated as an optimistic fuel among the other selected fuels such as sunflower oil methyl ester, neem seed oil methyl ester, and neat diesel. To enhance the performance characteristics and to further decrease the level of emission characteristics of fuel ROME, further experiments were conducted at higher spray (injection) pressures of 500 bar, 625 bar, and 750 bar with varying ignition delay period via varying its spray timings such as 8°, 13°, 18°, 23°, 28°, and 33° before top dead center. Spray pressure 250 bar at 23° before top dead center was investigated as an optimistic operating condition where fuel rubber seed oil methyl ester gives negligible hydrocarbon emissions (0.019 g/kW h) while its nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions were about 70% lesser than those observed with neat diesel, respectively.

scholarly journals Facile synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using iron(III) phosphate

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kargar Behbahani ◽  
Masoumeh Sasani
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Reaction ◽  
Electrophilic Substitution ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Reusable Catalyst ◽  
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction ◽  
Facile Synthesis

A new, convenient and high yielding procedure for the preparation of bis(indolyl)methanes in glycerol by electrophilic substitution reaction of indole with aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of FePO4 (5.0 mol%) as a highly stable and reusable catalyst is described.

Optimization of esterification of fatty acid rubber seed oil for methyl ester synthesis in a plug flow reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tho Dinh Son Van ◽  
Nghia Phan Trung ◽  
Vu Nguyen Anh ◽  
Huong Nguyen Lan ◽  
Anh To Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Ester Synthesis ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed
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