OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS FOR TOTAL RECOVERY OF ALUMINUM FROM SMELTING SLAG 1. REMOVAL OF SOLUBLE SALTS

The SOLEPUR process for the treatment of pig slurry, based on the treatment effect of the soil, was developed in France to explore the notion that a simple biobarrier approach may be a potential efficient solution to the large accumulation of liquid animal wastes residues. The unit consists of (i) a managed field (3280 m2) which allows the total recovery of all the leachate water which percolates through growing ryegrass (Lolium perenne), to which the pig slurry is applied, (ii) a system of storage-pump-reactor for denitrification and (iii) a non-managed field for completing treatment. The process involves three operations: (1) overdosing the managed field with surplus slurry (about 1000 m3 pig slurry/ha.year applied from 1991 to 1994), (2) collecting and treating the nitrate-rich leachate and (3) irrigating the final treated water over other fields. This process decreased COD of pig slurry by 99.9 % and removed 99.9 % of phosphorus and approximately 80 % of nitrogen. The remaining nitrogen was oxidized in the soil into nitrate and leached out in the drainage water. The process of denitrification was selected to remove nitrate from the leachate and raw pig slurry was used as an external carbon source.

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Exploiting Kinetic Solubility Differences for Low Level Detection of Crystallinity in Amorphous Drug Formulations

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412915666181210144338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 529-538

Author(s):

Gregory K. Webster ◽

Cynthia A. Pommerening ◽

Whitney W. Harman ◽

Mathew A. Gragg ◽

Jian-Hwa Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dosage Form ◽

Amorphous State ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Drug Level ◽

Drug Substance ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Drug Formulations ◽

Total Recovery ◽

Amorphous Drug ◽

Kinetic Solubility

Background: Enabling formulations have been implemented by the pharmaceutical industry as an effective tool for keeping Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in an amorphous state. Upon dosing in the amorphous state, many drugs which fail to demonstrate bioactivity due to the limited solubility and bioavailability of their crystalline form become bioavailable. Purpose: The analytical techniques use today for crystallinity detection are challenged by the sensitivity and robustness needed to achieve a 5% quantitation limit in low dose drug products. Our laboratory has developed a novel procedure capable of meeting this sensitivity and selectivity requirement. This is achieved by exploiting the differences in kinetic solubility of the formulated amorphous and free crystalline forms of API currently being used in dosage form platforms. Methods: Representative amorphous drug formulations were prepared and spiked with varying levels of crystalline drug substances to evaluate the selectivity and recovery of the crystalline drug substance from the product formulation. Kinetic solubility testing using a (i) Particle wetting phase, (ii) Particle suspending/erosion phase, (iii) Sampling time point and (iv) A total recovery determination for the drug substance. Results: The method selectively and quantitatively distinguishes crystalline drug substance from amorphous drug substance for samples spiked from 2.5% to 10% of the nominal label concentration of the API in the dosage form matrix. Conclusion: The kinetic solubility approach reported here achieves sensitive crystallinity quantitation for low drug level amorphous drug formulations at levels not yet achieved by complimentary analytical techniques.

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Potential anticonvulsants: Substituted N-benzylidene derivatives of 10-(4-aminopiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19831173 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1173-1186 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Václav Bártl ◽

Jiří Holubek ◽

Emil Svátek ◽

Marie Bartošová ◽

Miroslav Protiva

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hypotensive Activity ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Soluble Salts ◽

Sleeping Time ◽

Central Depression ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Electroshock Seizures

Reactions of 10-(4-aminopiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins XIVa-XIVd with benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde and 3-ethoxy-4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde afforded a series of 19 hydrazones IIIa-Xc. Some of them showed the expected anticonvulsant effect but only towards pentetrazole; antagonism of maximal electroshock seizures was not observed. In general, the products have a character of tranquillizers: in higher does they produce central depression, potentiate the thiopental sleeping time, have hypothermic action; in single cases antiamphetamine, antireserpine, antihistamine and cataleptic effects were observed. The water-soluble salts of the basic hydrazones VIIIa, VIIIc, IXc and Xc, administered parenterally, showed a rather high acute toxicity and revealed also adrenolytic and hypotensive activity.

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Soluble Salts Quantitative Characterization and Thermodynamic Modeling on Roman Bricks to Assess the Origin of Their Formation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2866

Author(s):

Claudia Scatigno ◽

Nagore Prieto-Taboada ◽

Giulia Festa ◽

Juan Manuel Madariaga

Keyword(s):

Archaeological Site ◽

Risk Level ◽

Salt Weathering ◽

Soluble Salts ◽

High Concentration ◽

Quantitative Characterization ◽

Chromatography Analysis ◽

Acidic Gases ◽

Hygroscopic Moisture ◽

Ostia Antica

The environmental weathering and the formation of efflorescences on the brick walls are studied at the “Casa di Diana” Mithraeum at Ostia Antica archaeological site. Previous studies on subsoil, bedrock, hydrological systems and environmental conditions, and new ion chromatography analysis combined with ECOS-RUNSALT and Medusa-Hydra thermodynamic modelling software, had allowed us to identify the subsoil contamination related to soluble salts. The atmospheric acidic gases, CO2 and SO2, are determined as the main salt weathering species. A dry deposition after a subsequent hydration action from the shallow freshwater aquifer that reaches up to 1 m on the walls is identified as the mechanism of salt formation. An evaluation of potential sources such as the nearby Fiumicino airport, CO2-rich gases inputs from fumaroles and CO2 inputs was also debated. The risk level of contamination the surfaces of the materials should be considered mildly/very polluted with a medium/high risk of hygroscopic moisture due to the high concentration of sulphates.

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Influence of the redox conditions on the crystallization behavior of anosovite in Ti-bearing titanomagnetite smelting slag

Results in Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100136 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100136

Author(s):

Zhen Wang ◽

Qingshan Zhu ◽

Han Wang ◽

Haoyan Sun

Keyword(s):

Crystallization Behavior ◽

Redox Conditions ◽

Smelting Slag

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A new expansion material used for roof-contacted filling based on smelting slag

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81891-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hua Na ◽

Guocheng Lv ◽

Lijuan Wang ◽

Libing Liao ◽

Dan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Sodium Silicate ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Ammonium Bromide ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Copper Nickel ◽

Smelting Slag ◽

Nickel Smelting

AbstractThe improper handling of smelting slag will seriously pollute the environment, and the unfilled roof of the goaf of the mine will threaten the safety of the mine. Expansion materials have attracted more and more attention because of their excellent properties. In this paper, copper-nickel smelting slag that has some active ingredients of gelling is used instead of traditional aggregate and some part of cement in order to reduce its pollution to the environment and its costs. For safety reasons, hydrogen peroxide was chosen as the foaming agent. Sodium silicate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) are used as additives. Our results showed that after 28 days of curing, the material has better mechanical properties and the early compressive strength of the material was enhanced by sodium silicate. The efficiency of foaming was improved by CTAB. It also proves that copper–nickel smelting slag can be used in expansion material. At the same time, the utilization rate of the copper–nickel smelting slag of this formula can reach 70%, reduce its pollution to the environment.

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Excess Soluble Salts in Humid Soils 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1917.00021962000900060006x ◽

1917 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 297-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. D. Conner

Keyword(s):

Soluble Salts

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Behavior of copper and lead during mineralurgical and hydrometallurgical processing of flash smelting slag

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s43452-021-00184-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Krzysztof Gargul ◽

Bożena Boryczko ◽

Andżelika Bukowska ◽

Adam Hołda ◽

Stanisław Małecki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reduction Process ◽

Copper Slag ◽

Original Method ◽

Flash Smelting ◽

Sieve Analysis ◽

Selective Enrichment ◽

Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽

Useful Components ◽

Smelting Slag ◽

The Many

AbstractThere are only a few smelters processing copper concentrates directly into blister copper. Despite the many advantages of this process, a serious challenge of this technology is the need to process the resulting flash smelting slag. It contains 12–15% copper and 2.5–4% lead. In this form, it cannot be considered as waste material and, therefore, a high-temperature reduction process is carried out. This decopperization process is energy- and time-consuming. The use of mineralurgical and hydrometallurgical processes, selective enrichment of the appropriate slag fractions in copper and lead, followed by its hydrometallurgical processing and recovery of Cu and Pb could be an interesting supplement to the methods used so far. The article presents results of research on the possibility of separation of useful components from copper slag using the original method of sieve analysis, gravitational enrichment and magnetic separation. Preliminary results of tests were made on a laboratory scale. Then, selective leaching of copper and lead from flash smelting slag was carried out, obtaining very promising results.

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