scholarly journals ANALISA PENJADWALAN DENGAN METODE PERT DAN MATHCAD (Study Kasus Proyek Pembangunan Restaurant Farm House di Lembang)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Tofek Nur' Amin ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Yosef Cahyo
Keyword(s):  
Project Scheduling ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Project Control ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
House Construction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Project control is one of the functions and processes in project management that influences the project's outcome. Project control has an essential role in minimizing any deviations that can occur during the project process. In project scheduling, need to, management planning, schedule, and control. Development of Restaurant Farm House planned by PT. DWI MARTHA JAYA is estimated to take 334 days at the cost of Rp. 9.068.780.000,00. Based on information obtained in the field. The type of research method applied in this research is the schedule analysis method on the RAB (Budget Plan) by comparing and analyzing project scheduling using PERT and MathCad methods. The data collection techniques chosen were observation and documentary. From the results of the analysis, the completion time of the Restaurant Farm House construction project is 310 days and a labor cost savings of Rp. 93,341,832.00 out of a total cost of Rp 9.068.780.000,00. So that an overall loss of Rp 8.975.438.168,00. Pengendalian proyek merupakan salah satu fungsi dan proses dalam manajemen proyek yang berpengaruh pada hasil akhir proyek. Pengendalian proyek mempunyai peran penting dalam meminimalisasi segala penyimpangan yang dapat terjadi selama proses berlangsungnya proyek. Pada penjadwalan proyek diperlukan penanganan manajemen kerja yang terdiri dari perencanaan, penjadwalan dan pengendalian. Pembangunan Restaurant Farm House yang direncanakan oleh PT. DWI MARTHA JAYA diperkirakan memakan waktu 334 hari dengan biaya Rp. 9.068.780.000,00. Hal ini berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh di lapangan. Jenis metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis time schedule pada RAB (Rencana Anggaran Biaya) dengan membandingkan dan melakukan analisa penjadwalan proyek menggunakan metode PERT dan MathCad. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipilih adalah dengan observasi dan dokumenter. Dari hasil analisis dengan dua metode tersebut diperoleh waktu penyelesaian proyek pembangunan Restaurant Farm House adalah 310 hari dan diperoleh penghematan biaya tenaga kerja sebesar Rp. 93.341.832,00 dari biaya total Rp 9.068.780.000,00, sehingga diperoleh biaya keseluruhan Rp 8.975.438.168,00. 

Getting incentives right?: a comparative analysis of policy instruments for livestock waste pollution abatement in Yucatán, Mexico

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G. Drucker ◽  
Uwe Latacz-Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Building on the extensive theoretical and empirical work regarding the cost-minimizing properties of economic instruments, this article describes and analyses the Mexican legislation relevant to the treatment/disposal of pig slurry in the state of Yucatán. Using a linear programming model to determine the optimal level of pig production and abatement processes simultaneously, different policy instruments and scenarios are compared. Serious shortcomings associated with the recently introduced command-and-control (CAC) legislation, which establishes concentration-based standards for discharges, are identified. It is shown that it will be extremely difficult and expensive to comply with (cost: US$41.8 million per annum). An alternative mass-based CAC approach, which instead regulates nitrogen applications to land, has compliance costs of US$3.5–US$9.4 million per annum, depending on the strictness of the standard. By contrast, an environmentally equivalent economic instrument approach results in additional cost savings of 22–25 per cent. The results are of relevance to Mexican policy makers, extensionists, researchers, and farmers.

scholarly journals Improving the Performance and Quality of Processes by Applying and Implementing Six Sigma Methodology in Furniture Manufacturing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Ľubica Simanová ◽  
Andrea Sujová ◽  
Pavol Gejdoš
Keyword(s):  
Process Improvement ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Furniture Manufacturing ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

The main aim of this paper is to illustrate the application of selected methods and procedures in the implementation of the Six Sigma Methodology in the furniture manufacturing processes, specifically in the wood veneer pressing, to verify the application and to evaluate the benefits of using selected methods and procedures through a series of step DMAIC process improvement. The application of selected methods and tools within the Six Sigma Methodology, such as DPMO, efficiency and sigma levels, project charter, histogram of mistakes caused by the application of the adhesive, the SIPOC plot mapping process, reaction plans, Ishikawa diagram and control diagrams bring the system and clarity of measurable results into project management for process improvement and process change. The benefits of their use are the cost savings and performance improvement processes.

Preconstruction Priming: A Cost-Effective Solution to Painting Ship Ballast Tanks

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Benjamin S. Fultz
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Ballast Tanks ◽  
High Performance Coating ◽  
The Cost

In both Asia and Europe, preconstruction primers (PCP) are routinely used and retained as an integral part of the coating system. The retention of PCPs can significantly reduce the painting cost of new ship builds. The cost of protective coatings (paint) application in new construction can be upwards of 10% of the total ship cost. The process is labor intensive; therefore, it is logical that most savings are derived from reducing labor steps. Retaining PCP eliminates the necessity of a second blast operation, thus reducing labor cost and hazardous waste disposal cost. This paper addresses the feasibility of retaining PCP as the permanent primer for protective coatings systems applied in such high-performance areas as exterior hull, underwater bottom, and most importantly ballast tanks. Should the retention of PCP be proven as a viable option, the process of coatings application can be improved resulting in significant cost savings. Spending of new construction dollars will not be necessary to remove the PCP prior to the application of high-performance coating and lining systems. The test program discussed in this paper was based on work sponsored by the National Shipbuilding Research Program Advanced Shipbuilding Enterprise (NSRPAES) and the US Navy. The Surface Preparation and Coatings Panel, SP3, of the Ship Production Committee formulated the program and provided direction during the course of the work. The Ship Production Committee is one of SNAME's nine technical and research committees, and consists of the chairman supported by the ship production major initiative panel chairs and selected others.

scholarly journals An alternative model in the provision of CPAP in sleep apnea: a comparative cost analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrio Gonzalez-Vergara ◽  
Sergio Marquez-Pelaez ◽  
Jose David Alfonso-Arias ◽  
Julia Perez-Ramos ◽  
Jose Luis Rojas-Box ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background To conduct a pilot study on an alternative model for the provision of respiratory therapies in sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) by internalizing the service with the purchase, monitoring and control of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) equipment by the hospital. Methods An observational, prospective pilot study of comparative cost analysis by internalizing the service to include all patients up to a budget limit of 5000 euros. The cost of internalizing the service included the acquisition of CPAP equipment and all the necessary accessories in addition to the nursing days necessary to track the patients. Patient satisfaction was assessed by a survey of the hospital service. Results Twenty-one patients with 23,046 patient-days of follow-up were included. The cost of the internalized system was 6825.11 €. The cost of the outsourced system over the same period would have been 22,781.18 €; thus, the direct saving was 15,956.07 €. The cost per device per day of the internalized system was 0.30 € versus the 0.99 € that the outsourced system would have cost during the study period. In the satisfaction survey, 12 (70.6%) patients indicated that they preferred the service of the hospital over that of the external company. No patient preferred the outsourced system. Conclusions The internalization of CPAP service represents significant cost savings from a hospital perspective and an improvement in patients’ perceptions of the quality of service.

Assessing the Transit Agency Business Case for Partial and Full Automation of Bus Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Sean Peirce ◽  
Joshua Cregger ◽  
Eric Burkman ◽  
Heather Richardson ◽  
Elizabeth Machek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Full Automation ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The Cost

This paper analyzes the cost-effectiveness of vehicle automation investments for public transit bus services. The calculations are developed for a set of illustrative use cases, using information from market surveys of available technologies and findings from demonstration projects and simulations. Overall, the results indicate that advanced driver assistance systems generally have a strong business case, in that they can provide operational savings that exceed their costs when considered over the life cycle of the bus. For full automation, the situation is more complex: there is the potential for very large labor cost savings, but considerable uncertainty about whether unstaffed scenarios are compatible with the continued need to perform nondriving tasks such as customer assistance and fare collection.

Economic impacts of IPM sampling methods for collards

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Myra Clarisse Ferrer ◽  
Michael Hammig
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
State Level ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Analytical Tools

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) has been very successful in directing farming to a more environment-friendly production. It is a great tool for producers in transition to organic farming. However, the extent of its economic impact is not well understood by farmers. This study looks at the amount of savings and potential market profitability of using IPM in South Carolina collard production considering alternative scouting methods. Scouting is an essential part of IPM that is usually ignored. This analysis presents a comparative assessment of the merits of conventional sampling (CS) and binomial sequential scouting method (SSM). SSM is a recently developed scouting system for traditionally operated collard farms that is geared toward a more economical execution of scouting without forfeiting the effectiveness of the process. Financial analytical tools, specifically costs and returns methods and sensitivity analysis on prices, were utilized to determine the economic advantages or disadvantages of the two methods. Outcomes indicate that both scouting methods would result in cost savings if used on traditionally operated farms. Particularly, the cost savings per hectare generated from IPM with SSM [3.62% of total cost (TC) and 3.91% of total variable cost (TVC)] is higher than the cost savings from IPM with CS (2.91% of TC and 3.15% of TVC). The difference in cost savings between IPM with CS and IPM with SSM basically came from the less scouting time of SSM that entailed lower labor cost for the farm. Therefore, to attain maximum profitability potential, using IPM with the SSM is a better option. Some may conjecture that the cost savings were insignificant due to the low percentages in cost savings. However, its importance is evident at the potential savings per farm and at the aggregate/state level.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POST HARVEST HANDLING METHODS FOR FRESH MARKET MIXED GREENS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171f-1171
Author(s):  
Paul W. Teague ◽  
Tina G. Teague
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Equipment Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
The Cost

Several common methods of post harvest handling and pre-cooling for fresh market bunched greens (turnips, smooth and curly mustard, and collards) were evaluated. Six treatments were evaluated where greens were rehydrated and precooled using different combinations of hydrocooling, slush ice, and shoveled ice with three rehydration methods (hydrocooling, water drench, and water floating). Product temperatures were monitored and overall quality ratings were made after seven days in cold storage. Product quality after seven days was best with hydrocooling and insignificant differences in quality were recorded whether in-box ice was shoveled or slush ice. Turnips were most sensitive to degradation if precooled inadequately. Collards were the least sensitive. Economic analysis was completed using labor and ice cost differentials of selected packing and cooling methods to calculate product volume levels required to amortize relatively high costs of the hydrocooler, slush icer, and ice machine. Extremely large volume is required to fully amortize equipment acquisition costs based on labor cost savings alone. Greater cost savings per box, when comparing the cost of purchased ice to homemade ice, resulted in much lower volume requirements for full amortization. The results indicate that a producer with limited capital would benefit the most economically from acquiring an ice machine. The greatest quality benefit is gained from precooling with the hydrocooler.

scholarly journals An Alternative Model in The Provision of CPAP in Sleep Apnea: A Comparative Cost Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrio Gonzalez Vergara ◽  
Sergio Márquez Peláez ◽  
Jose David Alfonso Arias ◽  
Julia Perez Ramos ◽  
Jose Luis Rojas Box ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background. To conduct a pilot study on an alternative model for the provision of respiratory therapies in sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) by internalizing the service with the purchase, monitoring and control of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) equipment by the hospital.Methods. An observational, prospective pilot study of comparative cost analysis by internalizing the service to include all patients up to a budget limit of 5000 euros. The cost of internalizing the service included the acquisition of CPAP equipment and all the necessary accessories in addition to the nursing days necessary to track the patients. Patient satisfaction was assessed by a survey of the hospital service.Results. Twenty-one patients with 23,046 patient-days of follow-up were included. The cost of the internalized system was 6,825.11 €. The cost of the outsourced system over the same period would have been 22,781.18 €; thus, the direct saving was 15,956.07 €. The cost per device per day of the internalized system was 0.30 € versus the 0.99 € that the outsourced system would have cost during the study period. In the satisfaction survey, 12 (70.6%) patients indicated that they preferred the service of the hospital over that of the external company. No patient preferred the outsourced system.Conclusions. The internalization of CPAP service represents significant cost savings from a hospital perspective and an improvement in patients’ perceptions of the quality of service.

scholarly journals Same Jeans, Same Stitch? A Comparison of Denim Production Across Three Factories in Punjab, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 211-236
Author(s):  
Theresa Thompson Chaudhry ◽  
Mahvish Faran
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Timing ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Standard Pair ◽  
Identical Pair ◽  
Small Producer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Piece Rates

In this paper, we look at denim production in three different factories in Punjab, Pakistan. We map the manufacturing process for a standard pair of denim jeans produced for an international retailer. We asked three factories of different scales and proximities to the technological frontier to stitch, finish and wash an identical pair of jeans. These firms included a large-scale exporter with established links to a major multinational brand, a medium exporter with links to regional European labels and a small producer selling primarily to the domestic market. Timing the operations ourselves, we find that the stitching time of the large-scale exporter is about one-third less than that of the medium exporter and about half the stitching time of the small firm. Of the three firms, only the large exporter pays wages based strictly on standard minute value – the time expected to complete an operation. The two smaller firms pay piece rates that reflect the market rates paid for individual operations by firms throughout the sector. Even without increases in stitching efficiency, the two smaller firms could reduce their stitching costs by 30–50 percent if they were able to switch to paying wages based on stitching times. We also calculate the labor cost savings that the two smaller firms could accrue by adopting some of the more advanced equipment used by the large exporter, along with lower piece rates. Of these, the most reasonable investment would be in better loop-making machines; the cost of equipment could be recuperated by producing 325,000–500,000 garments, which for the medium firm is four to eight months’ production at current levels. However, piece rates are entrenched and, if sticky, could reduce the incentives for firms to adopt labor-saving technologies.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

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