scholarly journals Change in the time of stable ice formation in the Russian Eastern Arctic seas at the beginning of 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-404
Author(s):  
A. G. Egorov ◽  
E. A. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
East Siberian Sea ◽  
Arctic Area ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the spatial-temporal variability of the time of stable ice formation in the Russian Eastern Arctic seas (the Laptev Sea, the East-Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea) in autumn period during 1942–2018, as well as the climatic changes for the last 20 years. The specialized information archive containing the dates of stable ice formation in the elements of regular grid (5 degrees along the parallel and 1 degree along the meridian) based on the AARI observations and satellite imagery was developed. The archive covers 2.2 million km2 of the Arctic area.  During the period from 1942 to 2018 one can reveal 4 consecutive climatic periods: mean dates of ice formation (1942–1953), anomaly early dates of ice formation (1954–1988), mean dates of ice formation (1989–2002) and anomaly late dates of ice formation (2003–2018). Notice that the ice formation regime in the 21st century, by its abnormality, differs radically from that in the 20th one. For the total area of three seas, the mean date of ice formation in the 21st century became 21 days later than in the 20th one. The most significant changes (up to 45 days) take place in the Chukchi Sea. The transformation of the ice formation regime typical for the 1942–2002 to the regime of 2003–2018 happened rather quickly — approximately within 5 years. The anomaly late time of ice formation began in the Chukchi Sea in 2003, and then this anomaly propagated to the East-Siberian Sea (in 2005) and to the Laptev Sea (in 2009). The 16-year period of anomaly late ice formation consists of three 5–6-year periods depending on location of the maximum anomalies: 2003–2008 (the Chukchi Sea), 2009–2013 (the Laptev Sea), and 2014–2018 (the Chukchi Sea again). As a consequence, the period of autumn warming, which has begun in 2003, is going on till present, and the latest date of ice formation in the eastern Arctic seas for the entire 77-year period was registered just in 2018. 

scholarly journals Spatial location of ice edge in August – September in the Russia’s eastern seas in early 21st century

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
A. G. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The goal of the present paper is to analyze the spatial-temporal variability of ice edge location in the Eastern Arctic seas of Russia (the Laptev, East-Siberian and Chukchi Seas) in late summer (August-September) during the period from 1981 to 2018, as well as to estimate the multi-year changes taking place in the 21st century. The special archive containing the information on latitude position of ice edge at the meridians between the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and Alaska was developed; the data of AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute) specialized observations and satellite images were used.The inter-annual variability of ice edge position in the total area shows that the entire period 1981–2018 consists of two significantly different parts: the interval from 1981 to 2001 with southern ice edge position (mean latitude in September comprised 74,9° N), and the interval from 2002 to 2018 with northern ice edge position (mean latitude 78,7° N). The difference between the extreme values of ice edge latitude at some meridians reached 9 degrees of latitude (about 1000 km).During the period from 2002 to 2018, the area of mostly active northward displacement of ice edge moved generally from east to west. From 2002 to 2010, the maximum northward displacement of ice edge was observed in the East-Siberian and Chukchi Seas; in 2007 the extreme northern position of ice edge was registered to the east of the New Siberia Archipelago (mean latitude comprised 84,0° N). However, during 2011–2018, the maximum northward displacement of ice edge was observed in the Laptev Sea; in 2014 the extreme northern position of ice edge was registered to the west of the New Siberia Archipelago (mean latitude comprised 84,5° N).Typologically, the displacement of ice edge from south to north during the period from 2001–2018 looks like a wave; its crest and sole drift from the Chukchi Sea toward the Laptev Sea. Within the period from 2007 to 2010, the ice edge displacement reached its maximum, and after this, during 2011–2015, the reverse motion from north to south began. One can forecast that within the nearest coming years the ice edge oscillatory southward drift would continue, and by the end of 2020-s one can expect the ice edge to have the position typical for the period 2002–2006.The author declares that he has no competing interests.

Wind waves in the arctic seas (review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
E.S. Nesterov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The Laptev Sea

Wind waves in the arctic seas (review) / Nesterov E.S. // Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2020, no. 3 (377), pp. 19-41. An overview of research on wind waves in the arctic seas at various spatial and temporal scales is given. It is found that in recent decades, the conditions for the formation of waves in the Arctic have changed due to a significant decrease in the area of ice cover, which in the period from 1985 to 2015 decreased by an average of 10 % per decade. area has increased, which contributed to an increase in the length of fetch – an important characteristic for the development of waves. In the Laptev sea, the Chukchi sea and the Beaufort sea, there is a statistically significant trend of increasing wave height at a rate of 0.1–0.3 m over 10 years, but in the Greenland and Barents seas, the trend is weak and not statistically significant. The results of the diagnosis and forecast of waves in the Arctic based on discrete-spectral (WAVEWATCH, SWAN, WAM, RAVM) and spectral-parametric (AARI-PD2) models are presented. The field experiments on the interaction of waves with the ice cover are described. Keywords: arctic seas, wind waves, ice cover, modelling, field experiments Tab. 2. Fig. 9. Ref. 40.

scholarly journals Ocean-Bottom Seismographs Based on Broadband MET Sensors: Architecture and Deployment Case Study in the Arctic

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3979
Author(s):  
Artem A. Krylov ◽  
Ivan V. Egorov ◽  
Sergey A. Kovachev ◽  
Dmitry A. Ilinskiy ◽  
Oleg Yu. Ganzha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ocean Bottom Seismographs ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The Arctic seas are now of particular interest due to their prospects in terms of hydrocarbon extraction, development of marine transport routes, etc. Thus, various geohazards, including those related to seismicity, require detailed studies, especially by instrumental methods. This paper is devoted to the ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) based on broadband molecular–electronic transfer (MET) sensors and a deployment case study in the Laptev Sea. The purpose of the study is to introduce the architecture of several modifications of OBS and to demonstrate their applicability in solving different tasks in the framework of seismic hazard assessment for the Arctic seas. To do this, we used the first results of several pilot deployments of the OBS developed by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS) and IP Ilyinskiy A.D. in the Laptev Sea that took place in 2018–2020. We highlighted various seismological applications of OBS based on broadband MET sensors CME-4311 (60 s) and CME-4111 (120 s), including the analysis of ambient seismic noise, registering the signals of large remote earthquakes and weak local microearthquakes, and the instrumental approach of the site response assessment. The main characteristics of the broadband MET sensors and OBS architectures turned out to be suitable for obtaining high-quality OBS records under the Arctic conditions to solve seismological problems. In addition, the obtained case study results showed the prospects in a broader context, such as the possible influence of the seismotectonic factor on the bottom-up thawing of subsea permafrost and massive methane release, probably from decaying hydrates and deep geological sources. The described OBS will be actively used in further Arctic expeditions.

scholarly journals Bryozoa of the Laptev and East Siberian seas: modern research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2021) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Evseeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Arctic Species ◽  
East Siberian Sea ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The new data about bryozoan fauna of the Siberian seas (Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea) are obtained. 48 species of Bryozoa were identified in the samples, collected in the MMBI RAS expedition (2014) at 50 stations: 45 – in the Laptev Sea and 16 – in the East Siberian Sea. The taxonomic and biogeographic composition, the features of distribution of Bryozoa are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the studies of the end of the 20th century (1986, 1987 and 1993–1998) based on literature data is carried out (Gontar, 1990, 1994, 2004, 2015а,б, 2016). There was a significant increase 60 in the share of boreal-arctic species due to a significant decrease of arctic species (by almost a third), which probably reflects the climate change towards warming , observed at the beginning of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Phytoplankon of Khatanga bay, shelf and continental slope of the Western Laptev sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-733
Author(s):  
I. N. Sukhanova ◽  
M. V. Flint ◽  
A. V. Fedorov ◽  
E. G. Sakharova ◽  
V. A. Artemyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
The North ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The research was done at transect (11 stations) from inner part of the Khatanga Bay in the south to continental slope area in the north from 17 to 20 September 2017. Four biotops with different parameters of pelagic environment, composition, quantitative characteristics and vertical distribution of phytoplankton were allocated: inner part of the Khatanga Bay, estuarine frontal zone, western shelf of the Laptev Sea and continental slope area. Inner part of the Khatanga Bay and continental slope area were characterized by the highest values of phytoplankton numbers and biomass, which reached 1106 cell/l и 160 mg/m3, respectively. Formation of maximum at the depth of 45 meters was typical for phytoplankton vertical distribution in continental slope area. Algae biomass in the maximum reached 400 mg/m3 which was the highest value for the transect. Well pronounced latitudinal zoning in phytoplankton communities structure was revealed in the western part of the Laptev Sea which was similar to that in another areas the Arctic seas under strong impact of Siberian rivers discharge.

Variability in Sea Ice Melt Onset in the Arctic Northeast Passage: Seesaw of the Laptev Sea vs. the East Siberian Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Liang ◽  
Jie Su
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Storm Tracks ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Easterly Wind ◽  
East Siberian Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Indices ◽  
The Laptev Sea

<p>The ice/snow melt onset (MO) is a critical triggering signal for ice-albedo positive feedback in the Arctic. Concerning the Northeast Passage (NEP), for 1979-1998, the MO in the East Siberian Sea (ESS) occurred generally earlier than that in the Laptev Sea (LS). However, for 1999-2018, the LS experienced significantly earlier MO than did the ESS in several years. This phenomenon is identified as the MO Seesaw (MOS), i.e., the MO difference between the LS and ESS. For the positive MOS, storm tracks in May tend to cover the ESS rather than the LS and easterly wind prevails and shifts slightly to a northerly wind in the ESS, resulting in higher surface air temperature (SAT) and total-column water vapor (TWV) and earlier MO in the ESS. For the negative MOS, storm tracks are much stronger in the LS than in the ESS and prominent southerly/southwesterly wind brings warm air from coastal land towards the LS. The effect of the Barents Oscillation (BO) on the MOS could be dated back to April. When the Barents Sea is centered with a low SLP in April, sea ice in the LS would be driven away from the coasts, leading to a lower sea ice area (SIA), which increases the surface latent heat flux and humidifies the overlying atmosphere. Along with an enhanced downward sensible heat flux, earlier regional average MO occurs in the LS. For 1999-2018, the MOS was more closely related to both the local variables and the large-scale atmospheric circulation indices.</p>

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