Arrow worms (Chaetognatha) from the Arctic Seas of Russia: Five new species of the family Sagittidae from the Laptev Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184-1194
Author(s):  
A. P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Laptev Sea ◽  
Arrow Worms

scholarly journals Ocean-Bottom Seismographs Based on Broadband MET Sensors: Architecture and Deployment Case Study in the Arctic

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3979
Author(s):  
Artem A. Krylov ◽  
Ivan V. Egorov ◽  
Sergey A. Kovachev ◽  
Dmitry A. Ilinskiy ◽  
Oleg Yu. Ganzha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ocean Bottom Seismographs ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The Arctic seas are now of particular interest due to their prospects in terms of hydrocarbon extraction, development of marine transport routes, etc. Thus, various geohazards, including those related to seismicity, require detailed studies, especially by instrumental methods. This paper is devoted to the ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) based on broadband molecular–electronic transfer (MET) sensors and a deployment case study in the Laptev Sea. The purpose of the study is to introduce the architecture of several modifications of OBS and to demonstrate their applicability in solving different tasks in the framework of seismic hazard assessment for the Arctic seas. To do this, we used the first results of several pilot deployments of the OBS developed by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS) and IP Ilyinskiy A.D. in the Laptev Sea that took place in 2018–2020. We highlighted various seismological applications of OBS based on broadband MET sensors CME-4311 (60 s) and CME-4111 (120 s), including the analysis of ambient seismic noise, registering the signals of large remote earthquakes and weak local microearthquakes, and the instrumental approach of the site response assessment. The main characteristics of the broadband MET sensors and OBS architectures turned out to be suitable for obtaining high-quality OBS records under the Arctic conditions to solve seismological problems. In addition, the obtained case study results showed the prospects in a broader context, such as the possible influence of the seismotectonic factor on the bottom-up thawing of subsea permafrost and massive methane release, probably from decaying hydrates and deep geological sources. The described OBS will be actively used in further Arctic expeditions.

Two new Canthocamptidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from sponges of the Kara and Laptev Seas

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4948 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-362
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDR NOVIKOV ◽  
DAYANA SHARAFUTDINOVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Laptev Sea

We studied copepods washed off the sponges from two Arctic seas: the Kara and the Laptev. We found new species in families Miraciidae, Canthocamptidae Brady, 1880, Argestidae, and Ectinosomatidae. We describe two new species of the Canthocamptidae Brady, 1880. Heteropsyllus spongiophilus sp. nov. from the Kara Sea, differs from its congeners in the armament of the swimming legs and the maxilliped. Mesopsyllus glacialis sp. nov. from the Laptev Sea, can be distinguished by the legs armament, its sexual dimorphism and the 7-segmented female antennules. 

Wind waves in the arctic seas (review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
E.S. Nesterov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The Laptev Sea

Wind waves in the arctic seas (review) / Nesterov E.S. // Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2020, no. 3 (377), pp. 19-41. An overview of research on wind waves in the arctic seas at various spatial and temporal scales is given. It is found that in recent decades, the conditions for the formation of waves in the Arctic have changed due to a significant decrease in the area of ice cover, which in the period from 1985 to 2015 decreased by an average of 10 % per decade. area has increased, which contributed to an increase in the length of fetch – an important characteristic for the development of waves. In the Laptev sea, the Chukchi sea and the Beaufort sea, there is a statistically significant trend of increasing wave height at a rate of 0.1–0.3 m over 10 years, but in the Greenland and Barents seas, the trend is weak and not statistically significant. The results of the diagnosis and forecast of waves in the Arctic based on discrete-spectral (WAVEWATCH, SWAN, WAM, RAVM) and spectral-parametric (AARI-PD2) models are presented. The field experiments on the interaction of waves with the ice cover are described. Keywords: arctic seas, wind waves, ice cover, modelling, field experiments Tab. 2. Fig. 9. Ref. 40.

scholarly journals Phytoplankon of Khatanga bay, shelf and continental slope of the Western Laptev sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-733
Author(s):  
I. N. Sukhanova ◽  
M. V. Flint ◽  
A. V. Fedorov ◽  
E. G. Sakharova ◽  
V. A. Artemyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
The North ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The research was done at transect (11 stations) from inner part of the Khatanga Bay in the south to continental slope area in the north from 17 to 20 September 2017. Four biotops with different parameters of pelagic environment, composition, quantitative characteristics and vertical distribution of phytoplankton were allocated: inner part of the Khatanga Bay, estuarine frontal zone, western shelf of the Laptev Sea and continental slope area. Inner part of the Khatanga Bay and continental slope area were characterized by the highest values of phytoplankton numbers and biomass, which reached 1106 cell/l и 160 mg/m3, respectively. Formation of maximum at the depth of 45 meters was typical for phytoplankton vertical distribution in continental slope area. Algae biomass in the maximum reached 400 mg/m3 which was the highest value for the transect. Well pronounced latitudinal zoning in phytoplankton communities structure was revealed in the western part of the Laptev Sea which was similar to that in another areas the Arctic seas under strong impact of Siberian rivers discharge.

Redescription of Leptogyra bujnitzkii (Gorbunov, 1946) comb. nov., the first representative of the gastropod subclass Neomphaliones from the high Arctic

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4759 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
EKATERINA N. KROL ◽  
IVAN O. NEKHAEV
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Laptev Sea ◽  
Shell Sculpture

Ganesa bujnitzkii Gorbunov, 1946 was described from the bathyal of the Arctic Ocean north to the Laptev Sea based on only two specimens, which were the only representatives of this species mentioned by Gorbunov (1946b). Galkin (1955) noted that the shell sculpture of Ganesa bujnitzkii is similar to that of Cyclostrema valvatiodes (Jeffreys, 1883), and that the radula of the G. bujnitzkii differs from other species of the genus Ganesa Jeffreys, 1883 and members of the family Trochidae. Later, based on the original description, Warén (1993) proposed that the species may belong to the genus Skenea; however, he did not examine the type specimen. This opinion was reiterated by Kantor & Sysoev (2006). 

A new species of Menestho Møller, 1842 from the Arctic with remarks on Menestho albula (Fabricius, 1780)(Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Pyramidellidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4347 (1) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN O. NEKHAEV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

North Atlantic and Arctic representatives of the family Pyramidellidae had been intensively studied during the last decades. A valuable contribution was made by Warén (1989; 1991; 1993), who partially revised several genera from the Scandinavian waters. Norwegian representatives of the family were reviewed by Høisæter (2014). Distribution and diagnostic of many species had been specified by Schander (1995) and Nekhaev (2011; 2014; 2017). However, in the Eurasian Arctic Seas (except for the SW Barents Sea) only five species of Pyramidellidae had been recorded (Golikov et al. 2001; Kantor & Sysoev 2006; Nekhaev 2017): Liostomia eburnea (Stimpson, 1851), Chrysallida sublustris (Friele, 1886), Amaura candida (Møller, 1842), Amaura arctica (Dall et Bartsch, 1909) and Menestho truncatula Odhner, 1915. 

scholarly journals Change in the time of stable ice formation in the Russian Eastern Arctic seas at the beginning of 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-404
Author(s):  
A. G. Egorov ◽  
E. A. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
East Siberian Sea ◽  
Arctic Area ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the spatial-temporal variability of the time of stable ice formation in the Russian Eastern Arctic seas (the Laptev Sea, the East-Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea) in autumn period during 1942–2018, as well as the climatic changes for the last 20 years. The specialized information archive containing the dates of stable ice formation in the elements of regular grid (5 degrees along the parallel and 1 degree along the meridian) based on the AARI observations and satellite imagery was developed. The archive covers 2.2 million km2 of the Arctic area.  During the period from 1942 to 2018 one can reveal 4 consecutive climatic periods: mean dates of ice formation (1942–1953), anomaly early dates of ice formation (1954–1988), mean dates of ice formation (1989–2002) and anomaly late dates of ice formation (2003–2018). Notice that the ice formation regime in the 21st century, by its abnormality, differs radically from that in the 20th one. For the total area of three seas, the mean date of ice formation in the 21st century became 21 days later than in the 20th one. The most significant changes (up to 45 days) take place in the Chukchi Sea. The transformation of the ice formation regime typical for the 1942–2002 to the regime of 2003–2018 happened rather quickly — approximately within 5 years. The anomaly late time of ice formation began in the Chukchi Sea in 2003, and then this anomaly propagated to the East-Siberian Sea (in 2005) and to the Laptev Sea (in 2009). The 16-year period of anomaly late ice formation consists of three 5–6-year periods depending on location of the maximum anomalies: 2003–2008 (the Chukchi Sea), 2009–2013 (the Laptev Sea), and 2014–2018 (the Chukchi Sea again). As a consequence, the period of autumn warming, which has begun in 2003, is going on till present, and the latest date of ice formation in the eastern Arctic seas for the entire 77-year period was registered just in 2018. 

scholarly journals On the biogeochemical signature of the Lena River from its headwaters to the Arctic Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2093-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Semiletov ◽  
I. I. Pipko ◽  
N. E. Shakhova ◽  
O. V. Dudarev ◽  
S. P. Pugach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Lena River ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Laptev Sea

Abstract. The Lena River integrates biogeochemical signals from its vast drainage basin and its signal reaches far out over the Arctic Ocean. Transformation of riverine organic carbon into mineral carbon, and mineral carbon into the organic form in the Lena River watershed, can be considered a quasi-equilibrated processes. Increasing the Lena discharge causes opposite effects on total organic (TOC) and inorganic (TCO2) carbon: TOC concentration increases, while TCO2 concentration decreases. Significant inter-annual variability in mean values of TCO2, TOC, and their sum (TC) has been found. This variability is determined by changes in land hydrology which cause differences in the Lena River discharge, because a negative correlation may be found between TC in September and mean discharge in August (a time shift of about one month is required for water to travel from Yakutsk to the Laptev Sea). Total carbon entering the sea with the Lena discharge is estimated to be almost 10 Tg C y−1. The annual Lena River discharge of particulate organic carbon (POC) may be equal to 0.38 Tg (moderate to high estimate). If we instead accept Lisytsin's (1994) statement concerning the precipitation of 85–95% of total particulate matter (PM) (and POC) on the marginal "filter", then only about 0.03–0.04 Tg of POC reaches the Laptev Sea from the Lena River. The Lena's POC export would then be two orders of magnitude less than the annual input of eroded terrestrial carbon onto the shelf of the Laptev and East Siberian seas, which is about 4 Tg. The Lena River is characterized by relatively high concentrations of primary greenhouse gases: CO2 and dissolved CH4. During all seasons the river is supersaturated in CO2 compared to the atmosphere: up to 1.5–2 fold in summer, and 4–5 fold in winter. This results in a narrow zone of significant CO2 supersaturation in the adjacent coastal sea. Spots of dissolved CH4 in the Lena delta channels may reach 100 nM, but the CH4 concentration decreases to 5–20 nM towards the sea, which suggests only a minor role of riverborne export of CH4 for the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) CH4 budget in coastal waters. Instead, the seabed appears to be the source that provides most of the CH4 to the Arctic Ocean.

scholarly journals Satellite-based sea ice thickness changes in the Laptev Sea from 2002 to 2017: comparison to mooring observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2189-2203
Author(s):  
H. Jakob Belter ◽  
Thomas Krumpen ◽  
Stefan Hendricks ◽  
Jens Hoelemann ◽  
Markus A. Janout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Source Region ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sea Ice Thickness ◽  
The Laptev Sea

Abstract. The gridded sea ice thickness (SIT) climate data record (CDR) produced by the European Space Agency (ESA) Sea Ice Climate Change Initiative Phase 2 (CCI-2) is the longest available, Arctic-wide SIT record covering the period from 2002 to 2017. SIT data are based on radar altimetry measurements of sea ice freeboard from the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) and CryoSat-2 (CS2). The CCI-2 SIT has previously been validated with in situ observations from drilling, airborne remote sensing, electromagnetic (EM) measurements and upward-looking sonars (ULSs) from multiple ice-covered regions of the Arctic. Here we present the Laptev Sea CCI-2 SIT record from 2002 to 2017 and use newly acquired ULS and upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) sea ice draft (VAL) data for validation of the gridded CCI-2 and additional satellite SIT products. The ULS and ADCP time series provide the first long-term satellite SIT validation data set from this important source region of sea ice in the Transpolar Drift. The comparison of VAL sea ice draft data with gridded monthly mean and orbit trajectory CCI-2 data, as well as merged CryoSat-2–SMOS (CS2SMOS) sea ice draft, shows that the agreement between the satellite and VAL draft data strongly depends on the thickness of the sampled ice. Rather than providing mean sea ice draft, the considered satellite products provide modal sea ice draft in the Laptev Sea. Ice drafts thinner than 0.7 m are overestimated, while drafts thicker than approximately 1.3 m are increasingly underestimated by all satellite products investigated for this study. The tendency of the satellite SIT products to better agree with modal sea ice draft and underestimate thicker ice needs to be considered for all past and future investigations into SIT changes in this important region. The performance of the CCI-2 SIT CDR is considered stable over time; however, observed trends in gridded CCI-2 SIT are strongly influenced by the uncertainties of ENVISAT and CS2 and the comparably short investigation period.

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