scholarly journals NATURAL AND CLIMATIC CRISES AS A FACTOR OF CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES IN THE NEOLITHIC–ENEOLITHIC OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Vybornov ◽  
◽  
Marianna A. Kulkova ◽  
Natalya S. Doga ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Analysis

The Lower Volga region is important for studying natural and climatic crises as a factor of cultural and economic changes since the local Neolithic and Eneolithic societies are marked by the early appearance of ceramics, cattle breeding and copper items. However, the impact of natural and climatic crises on these processes has not been considered earlier for a number of reasons. First, most of the sites had not detailed information obtained by the analytic research on past environmental and climatic situation. Second, numerous and contradictory radiocarbon dates prevented from determination of the chronological frameworks of these processes. During the period of 2007–2020 the situation has begun to change with the appearance of new archaeological information including homogenous and stratified archaeological sites. The multidisciplinary research made it possible to obtain new data on the chronological framework of the Neolithic–Eneolithic cultures of the Lower Volga region in context of paleoclimatic reconstructions. The results of archaeozoological studies and technical-technological analysis of ceramics had a significant meaning too. Determination of the species composition helped to establish differences in zoological collections of the Neolithic of the Northern Caspian and the steppe Volga region. It was demonstrated that the emergence of a food producing economy in this territory is associated not with the Khvalynsk, but with the earlier Caspian culture. The entire set of data made it possible to bring the development of the question of environmental factors in cultural and economic changes in the Neolithic–Eneolithic of the Lower Volga region to a new level.

scholarly journals The results of the study of the Algay site (2019) in the lower Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Vybornov ◽  
Irina Nikolaevna Vasilyeva ◽  
Aleksey Valerievich Baratskov ◽  
Filat Faritovich Gilyazov ◽  
Pavel Andreevich Kosintsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Technological Analysis

The processes of Neolithization and Eneolithization are two of the most important in the study of the human prehistory. The territory of the Lower Volga is of particular importance. In the Neolithic period, one of the oldest ceramic traditions in Eastern Europe appears. In the Eneolithic, cultures with signs of a productive economy are recorded rather early here. A further study of these issues depends on a quality source base. Monuments of the Neolithic and Eneolithic in the Volga steppe are rare. Therefore, the study of the new site Algay is very relevant. Its importance increases due to the discovery of stratigraphic data in 2019: the Eneolithic and Neolithic layers are separated by relatively sterile layers. This allows us to establish reliable periodization. Features of the lower cultural layer allowed us to trace the process of its formation. The work was interdisciplinary. The results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics revealed the characteristic features of the Neolithic and Eneolithic. Archaeozoological definitions established the species composition of animals in the Neolithic and Eneolithic. New radiocarbon dates provide a basis for determining the exact chronological framework of the Orlovskaya and Caspian cultures in this region. Among archaeological materials, rare artifacts have been discovered that testify to social stratification already in the Neolithic period.

The Impact of Anthropogenically-Controlled Factors on the Formation of Root Mass and Rice Yield under Drip Irrigation in the Lower Volga Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
I. P. Kruzhilin ◽  
N. N. Doubenok ◽  
M. A. Ganiev ◽  
K. A. Rodin ◽  
A. B. Nevezhina
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Agrotechnical methods of alfalfa cultivation for seeds under irrigation conditions in the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Burceva
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Legumes play a leading role in providing farm animals with high-quality and highly nutritious feed, while in the Lower Volga region, the traditional alfalfa crop plays a leading role. The productivity of alfalfa in production conditions is only a tenth of its potential. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of reduced seeding rates, varietal characteristics, seeding time and use of siderates instead of mineral fertilizers on the seed productivity of the crop. The field experience included 2 terms of sowing – spring and summer, 3 variants of the soil nutrient regime: the natural background of nutrition and plowing of two types of sideral mixtures (sunflower + vetch and oats + radish); three variants of the density of herbage (40, 80 and 400 thousand plants/ha). Observations were made on three varieties of alfalfa (Leninskaya mestnaya, Vega 87 and Unitro). Records and observations were made in accordance with the generally accepted methods of experimental work. Results and practical significance. As a result of research, a favorable influence of sideral masses on the formation of a symbiotic apparate on alfalfa roots was revealed. In comparison with the natural background of nutrition, the number of nodules significantly increased in the variants with the plowing of siderates. The yield of seed alfalfa was also influenced by the density of sowing. More productive organs were formed in sparse grass stands, which contributed to an increase in the collection of seeds. The use of sideral mixtures also had a positive effect on productive shoot formation. The number of stems, brushes and seeds in the bean was 25–30 % more than in the control. Summer sowing favourably affected the seed productivity of alfalfa, its indicators were 1.2–1.6 times higher than the data obtained from the grass stands of the spring sowing season. Scientific novelty. For the irrigated conditions of the Lower Volga region, a comprehensive assessment of the participation of the main agrotechnical techniques in the implementation of alfalfa seed productivity is given: terms, methods and seeding rates with the use of siderates for soil fertilization.

Diet and Chronology of Neolithic-Eneolithic Cultures (from 6500 to 4700 cal BC) in the Lower Volga Basin

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vybornov ◽  
M Kulkova ◽  
P Kosintsev ◽  
V Platonov ◽  
S Platonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Cooked Food

ABSTRACTDuring the last several years, new multi- and single-layered archaeological sites, in which the most ancient Neolithic pottery in the Eastern Europe had been found, were excavated in the region of Lower Volga. Animal bones and organic materials were sampled from these sites for radiocarbon (14C) dating and diet investigations. The evidence from these studies suggests that the first domestic animals in the Lower Volga region appeared in the Cis-Caspian culture of the Early Eneolithic. Lipid analysis of food crusts from pottery allowed the cooked food to be characterized. The detailed chronology from Neolithic (6500–5400 cal BC) to Eneolithic (5300–4700 cal BC) cultures, as well as the diet of these ancient people, were reconstructed.

CULTIVATION OF BLUE HYBRID ALFALFA ON IRRIGATED LANDS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Misyuryaev ◽  
◽  
E.Yu. Guzenko ◽  
V.V. Jafarov
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Irrigated Lands

The article presents the results of five years of research on the study and determination of the most effective options for the irrigation regime of blue hybrid alfalfa when growing it on irrigated lands of the Lower Volga region.

scholarly journals On the Origin of the Caspian Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vybornov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Stavitsky ◽  
Marianna Kulkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Azov Region ◽  
Cultural Genesis

Introduction. The territory of Lower Volga occupies a special place in studying the cultural genesis of Eastern Europe. Prominent cultures of the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age were formed there and played an important role in the formation of the Volga-Ural hearth of cultural genesis. Equally important is the problem of the origin of the Caspian culture, with which researchers associate the beginning of the spread of cattle breeding and the emergence of the first copper products in the Volga steppe. Methods and discussion. The researchers expressed quite similar views on this issue. The process of Caspian culture origin in the Lower Volga region was considered as autochthonous with the participation of northern components. The substrate basis was the Oryol culture, and the superstrate was the societies of the Volga region forest-steppe. The comprehensive analysis of Volga steppe materials allows offering an alternative view of the Caspian culture genesis. The appearance of several features (collar-like thickening, a combed stamp, the technique of increased spin, producing economy, the dominance of quartzite raw materials for the manufacture of tools, the technique of forced squeezing in the receipt of logs, the emergence of producing farming in the form of cattle breeding, etc.) is associated not with the northern foreststeppe and forest-steppe, but with western components. The comparative analysis of radiocarbon dates of the forest-steppe and steppe Volga, Northern Caspian Sea and Don area supports this version. The chronological priority is fixed for materials of the Don area and Azov region. It is in these areas that the leading features characteristic of the Caspian culture appeared earlier. Results. The earlier complexes of the Caspian culture were formed in the Northern Caspian about 5700 BC. Later its penetration into the Lower and forest-steppe Volga Basin was recorded.

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