scholarly journals Agrotechnical methods of alfalfa cultivation for seeds under irrigation conditions in the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Burceva
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Legumes play a leading role in providing farm animals with high-quality and highly nutritious feed, while in the Lower Volga region, the traditional alfalfa crop plays a leading role. The productivity of alfalfa in production conditions is only a tenth of its potential. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of reduced seeding rates, varietal characteristics, seeding time and use of siderates instead of mineral fertilizers on the seed productivity of the crop. The field experience included 2 terms of sowing – spring and summer, 3 variants of the soil nutrient regime: the natural background of nutrition and plowing of two types of sideral mixtures (sunflower + vetch and oats + radish); three variants of the density of herbage (40, 80 and 400 thousand plants/ha). Observations were made on three varieties of alfalfa (Leninskaya mestnaya, Vega 87 and Unitro). Records and observations were made in accordance with the generally accepted methods of experimental work. Results and practical significance. As a result of research, a favorable influence of sideral masses on the formation of a symbiotic apparate on alfalfa roots was revealed. In comparison with the natural background of nutrition, the number of nodules significantly increased in the variants with the plowing of siderates. The yield of seed alfalfa was also influenced by the density of sowing. More productive organs were formed in sparse grass stands, which contributed to an increase in the collection of seeds. The use of sideral mixtures also had a positive effect on productive shoot formation. The number of stems, brushes and seeds in the bean was 25–30 % more than in the control. Summer sowing favourably affected the seed productivity of alfalfa, its indicators were 1.2–1.6 times higher than the data obtained from the grass stands of the spring sowing season. Scientific novelty. For the irrigated conditions of the Lower Volga region, a comprehensive assessment of the participation of the main agrotechnical techniques in the implementation of alfalfa seed productivity is given: terms, methods and seeding rates with the use of siderates for soil fertilization.

The Impact of Anthropogenically-Controlled Factors on the Formation of Root Mass and Rice Yield under Drip Irrigation in the Lower Volga Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
I. P. Kruzhilin ◽  
N. N. Doubenok ◽  
M. A. Ganiev ◽  
K. A. Rodin ◽  
A. B. Nevezhina
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Productivity of crops in rainfed conditions on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Yulia Aleksandrovna Laptina ◽  
Nikolay Alekseevich Bugreev ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Sharapova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

The article presents the results of three years of field research on studying of influence of ways of the basic processing of soil and systems of applied fertilizers on productivity of grain crops. The experiment considered winter wheat, cultivated on black steam, and is itself a precursor to the Sudanese grass. Three variants of the main tillage and four variants of the use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of winter wheat varieties of local selection of reed 3 were studied. Field experiments were conducted at the STC of Volgograd state University "Gornaya Polyana" on light chestnut soils from 2016 to 2019. As a result of studying the productivity of winter wheat in rainfed conditions on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region, it was found that the maximum values of biometric indicators, elements of the structure of the crop, biological and economic productivity were obtained during its cultivation by deep chisel processing by the working bodies of the "Ranch" with the use of ammophos and potassium chloride during sowing and early spring feeding with ammonium nitrate. The minimum values of biometric indicators, elements of the structure of the crop, biological and economic productivity are obtained by cultivating it on a small disk processing without the use of fertilizers.

scholarly journals Obtaining seeds of meadow clover in the Lower Volga region under irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 211 (08) ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Burceva ◽  
Natal'ya Molokanceva
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract. The purpose of the experiment was to develop a technology for cultivating meadow clover under irrigation to obtain the planned seed yields in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. Research methods. Field experiments, records and observations were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods of experimental work. As a result of the research, it was found that the total water consumption of clover crops varied over the years of the herbage life and depended on the given pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture. It was highest in the variants with the maintenance of the 70 % pre-flood threshold: 3.6–3.9, the lowest 2.7–3.1 thousand m3/ha in the variants with the 60 % humidity threshold. With the differentiation of humidity by the development phases, the total water consumption varied from 3.1 to 3.5 thousand m3/ha. The share of irrigation water in the structure of total water consumption was 60.6–72.7 % according to the experimental variants. The leaf area depended on the water and nutrient regimes of the soil: it reached the maximum values in the variants with a 70 % pre-irrigation threshold of humidity and fertilization. In comparison with the increase in biomass, the seed productivity of clover was less dependent on the photosynthetic potential and assimilation surface. The highest seed yields were formed in the variants with improved nutrition background and maintenance of a differentiated irrigation regime – 280–730 kg / ha. The accumulation of a significant amount of root mass by clover had a positive effect on improving the ecological state of the irrigated area: the water-physical properties of the soil improved, and nutrients accumulated in it. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Lower Volga region, the dependence of the seed productivity of clover on the availability of water and nutrients, on the age of the herbage, was revealed. Their optimal combination is determined for the production of seed yields at the level of 400–700 kg/ha.

scholarly journals NATURAL AND CLIMATIC CRISES AS A FACTOR OF CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES IN THE NEOLITHIC–ENEOLITHIC OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Vybornov ◽  
◽  
Marianna A. Kulkova ◽  
Natalya S. Doga ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Analysis

The Lower Volga region is important for studying natural and climatic crises as a factor of cultural and economic changes since the local Neolithic and Eneolithic societies are marked by the early appearance of ceramics, cattle breeding and copper items. However, the impact of natural and climatic crises on these processes has not been considered earlier for a number of reasons. First, most of the sites had not detailed information obtained by the analytic research on past environmental and climatic situation. Second, numerous and contradictory radiocarbon dates prevented from determination of the chronological frameworks of these processes. During the period of 2007–2020 the situation has begun to change with the appearance of new archaeological information including homogenous and stratified archaeological sites. The multidisciplinary research made it possible to obtain new data on the chronological framework of the Neolithic–Eneolithic cultures of the Lower Volga region in context of paleoclimatic reconstructions. The results of archaeozoological studies and technical-technological analysis of ceramics had a significant meaning too. Determination of the species composition helped to establish differences in zoological collections of the Neolithic of the Northern Caspian and the steppe Volga region. It was demonstrated that the emergence of a food producing economy in this territory is associated not with the Khvalynsk, but with the earlier Caspian culture. The entire set of data made it possible to bring the development of the question of environmental factors in cultural and economic changes in the Neolithic–Eneolithic of the Lower Volga region to a new level.

scholarly journals Productivity of sunflower hybrids in terms of different mineral nutrition in arid conditions of the lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gennadyevich Subbotin ◽  
Anatoliy Phedorovich Druzhkin ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Gennadiy Nikolaevich Popov ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Letuchiy
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Early Ripening

The article presents the results of experimental work on assessing the yield of sunflower hybrids of different ripeness groups when the levels of mineral nutrition change in the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region. It was found out  that due to a small amount of vegetation precipitation and an acute moisture deficit in the second half of the growing season, the highest yield of oilseeds in the Saratov Left Bank is formed by hybrids of early maturing sunflower groups. Of the studied hybrids, the early ripening hybrid Svetlana (2.43 t / ha) was distinguished by the highest yield in arid conditions, the mid-early - EU Savana (2.02 t / ha) and the mid-season - EU Generalis SL (2.14 t / ha). It was revealed that the content of fat in oilseeds increases markedly from early maturing to mid-early and then mid-season sunflower hybrids - from 46.2–52.9 to 48.6–54.4 and up to 51.2–55.4%, respectively. At the same time, the maximum oil content was in variants  with the application of mineral fertilizers.

Comparative evaluation of breeding lines of sugar sorgo in competitive variety testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Variety Testing

In a competitive variety trial, promising selection lines of sugar sorghum were studied in the Lower Volga region. Based on a set of signs, the best lines were identified, which are recommended for transfer to the State Variety Testing. Breeding lines, which are distinguished by high values of commercially valuable traits, can be used in planned crosses to create highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum.

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