Die Stammgruppe der Fächerflügler (Insecta, Strepsiptera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Hans Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Stem Group ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Fossil Records

Die Fächerflügler (Strepsiptera) sind mit nur ca. 600 beschriebenen rezenten Arten eine kleine, parasitische Gruppe der holometabolen Insekten. Fossilfunde sind selten, aber in den letzten Jahren hat sich die Kenntnis der Stammgruppe der Strepsiptera durch die Entdeckung gut erhaltener Arten aus kreidezeitlichem burmesischem Bernstein und eozänem baltischen Bernstein stark vermehrt. Bis auf ganz wenige Ausnahmen, wie eine fossile Primärlarve aus burmesischem Bernstein und ein spätes weibliches Larvenstadium der †Mengeidae aus baltischem Bernstein, sind nur Männchen bekannt. Diese Bernsteinfossilien haben wesentlich zum Verständnis der Evolution der Strepsiptera im späten Mesozoikum und Känozoikum beigetragen. Die Stammgruppenvertreter der Fächerflügler werden vorgestellt und in einen evolutiven Kontext eingeordnet. The stem-group of the twisted-winged parasites (Insecta, Strepsiptera) Abstract: With only about 600 described extant species, the twisted-winged parasites (Strepsiptera) are a small, parasitic group of holometabolous insects. Fossil records of Strepsiptera are rare, but in the last years the knowledge of the stem group has greatly increased with the discovery of well-preserved species from Cretaceous Burmese amber and Eocene Baltic amber. With very few exceptions, such as a fossil primary larva from Burmese amber and a late female larval stage of the †Mengeidae from Baltic amber, only males are known. These amber fossils have greatly contributed to the understanding of the evolution of Strepsiptera in the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The stem group representatives of the twisted-winged parasites are described and placed in an evolutionary context.

Aggregation behaviour of †Clidicostigus arachnipes Jałoszyński, Brunke & Bai (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae) in Burmese amber

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZIWEI YIN ◽  
DE ZHUO
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
First Case ◽  
Aggregation Behaviour ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Extinct Genus

The extinct genus †Clidicostigus Jałoszyński, Brunke & Bai, 2017 of the scydmaenine supertribe Mastigitae is a small group comprising three species from late Albian to early Cenomanian amber of northern Myanmar (Ross, 2019). Members are characterized by the presence of distinct longitudinal striae of the elytra, the elongate median mesoventral carina, and the asymmetrical, approximately boomerang-shaped maxillary palpi (Jałoszyński 2018). Based on the exaggerated elongate spine-like setae of the first two antennomeres of †Baltostigus Jałoszyński, 2016 (Eocene Baltic amber) and †Clidicostigus, Jałoszyński (2016) and Yin et al. (2017, 2018a) postulated that the spiny basal part of the antennae may function as setal cages used for hunting fast-moving preys, e.g., springtails. However, this hypothesis was later falsified by Jałoszyński (2018) based on observations of extant species, which in contrast possess much shorter and thinner setae of the antennae, and act more like opportunistic scavengers. Except for the debatable behavior regarding the function of the antennae of †Clidicostigus, the biology of this genus is otherwise largely unknown. Here we report the first case of aggregation behaviour of †C. arachnipes in Burmese amber.

Scydmaenus linqibini sp. nov., a new fossil Scydmaenini in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 036-040
Author(s):  
ZIWEI YIN ◽  
DEYAO ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Morphological Disparity ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fossil Records

The tribe Scydmaenini is the second most diverse group of the ant-like stone beetle subfamily Scydmaeninae, with more than 730 extant species classified in seven extant genera (Newton, 2019). However, confirmed fossil records important for elucidating the evolutionary history of the tribe are extremely rare, represented by only two species previously reported from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber (Yin et al., 2018; Yin & Cai, 2019). Provided in this paper is the description of a third fossil species of Scydmaenini, again from Burmese amber, which sheds new light on the palaeodiversity and morphological disparity of this group during its early evolutionary stage.

A new species of Bruchomyiinae (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Baltic amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4838 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
KORNELIA SKIBIŃSKA ◽  
RYSZARD SZADZIEWSKI ◽  
IWONA KANIA ◽  
WIESŁAW KRZEMIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Fossil Resin ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Relative Scarcity ◽  
Fossil Resins ◽  
A New Species

Bruchomyiinae is one of seven subfamilies of Psychodidae. This small group comprises fewer than 60 extant species distributed mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions (Wagner & Stuckenberg 2016). All life stages of these flies are closely tied to forest environment (Fairchild 1952; Stuckenberg 1962) and as a result, bruchomyiines are frequently preserved in fossil resins. The first fossil member of this subfamily was described from Baltic amber (45 Ma) (Meunier 1905) and Burmese amber (100 Ma) is the oldest fossil resin in which representatives of Bruchomyiinae have been found (Stebner et al. 2015; Wagner 2017; Skibińska et al. 2019). Due to the relative scarcity of this subfamily in Baltic amber, any new specimens are of great interest. Up till now, there are only 12 bruchomyiine species described from Baltic amber. Wagner (2017) completed a revision of fossil Bruchomyiinae and proposed the genus Hoffeinsodes to include the species having male genitalia with gonocoxites fused with hypandrium. In this genus, he classified six species reported exclusively from Eocene Baltic amber: H. bifida Wagner, 2017, H. cubicula Wagner, 2017, H. longicauda Wagner, 2017, H. obtusa Wagner, 2017, H. reducta Wagner, 2017 and H. hoffeinsi (Wagner, 2006) transferred from Nemopalpus (Wagner, 2006). Here, we describe a new species belonging to this genus. 

scholarly journals A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Alexandre Casadei-Ferreira ◽  
Julio C. M. Chaul ◽  
Rodrigo M. Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
A New Species ◽  
High Diversity

Pheidole comprises approximately 1,000 extant species distributed worldwide, being particularly diverse in the New World. In addition to its high diversity and ecological prevalence, the genus is also characterized by the predominantly intraspecific dimorphism, with major and minor workers. Currently, five fossil species are known, all of which are represented only by minor workers. A new species, †Pheidoleanticuasp. nov., is described from Dominican amber, based on a major worker. Additionally, the identity of the currently known fossil species in Pheidole is discussed and †P.cordata from Baltic amber is considered as incertae sedis, resulting in no Pheidole species currently recognized for Baltic amber

scholarly journals Cretaceous amber fossils highlight the evolutionary history and morphological conservatism of land snails

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Hirano ◽  
Kaito Asato ◽  
Shûhei Yamamoto ◽  
Yui Takahashi ◽  
Satoshi Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Fossil Records

Abstract Other than hard bones and shells, it is rare for soft tissues to fossilize, but occasionally they are well-preserved in amber. Here, we focus on both modern and fossilized species of the land snail superfamily Cyclophoroidea. Phylogenetic relationships within the Cyclophoroidea were previously studied using extant species, but timing of divergence within the group remains unclear. In addition, it is difficult to observe morphological traits such as the chitinous operculum and periostracum of fossil snails due to their poor preservation potential. Here we describe nine species including a new genus and five new species of well-preserved fossil cyclophoroideans from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. These fossils include not only the shell, but also the chitinous operculum and periostracum, soft body, and excrements. We present the first estimation of divergence time among cyclophoroidean families using fossil records and molecular data, suggesting extreme morphological conservatism of the Cyclophoroidea for nearly 100 million years.

The invisibile becomes visible: X-ray micro-CT reconstruction of Aneurus damzeni sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae) from Eocene Baltic amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4950 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
ERNST HEISS ◽  
KRISTAPS KAIRIŠS ◽  
ANDRIS BUKEJS
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
A New Species

The subfamily Aneurinae of the flat bug family Aradidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) contains about 150 extant species assigned to seven genera, and seven fossil species of which six were described from Eocene Baltic amber and one from Cretaceous Burmese amber. A new species Aneurus damzeni sp. nov. from Baltic amber is described and illustrated using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) reconstructing concealed morphological characters. A key to all five extant and fossil Aneurinae species with triangular scutellum is provided. 

Review of Eohiodon (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha) from western North America, with a phylogenetic reassessment of Hiodontidae

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guo-Qing ◽  
Mark V. H. Wilson ◽  
Lance Grande
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

Review of recently collected material of Eohiodon from North America suggests that there are two valid species, E. rosei (Hussakof) and E. woodroffi Wilson. Eohiodon falcatus Grande is identical to E. woodruffi in known skeletal features and nearly all meristic features and is treated as a junior synonym of the latter. The fossil genus Eohiodon Cavender differs from Hiodon Lesueur, which is known from both fossil and extant species, in numerous meristic and osteological features. The caudal skeleton in Eohiodon is nearly identical to that in Hiodon.The traditionally accepted Notopteroidei, containing Lycopteridae, Hiodontidae, and Notopteridae, is a polypheletic group. The Asian fossil family Lycopteridae is not more closely related to Hiodontidae than it is to other taxa in the Osteoglossomorpha, but is sister to all other Osteoglossomorpha. The Hiodontiformes sensu stricto, including only the family Hiodontidae, is the sister-group of the Osteoglossiformes. This family is not more closely related to notopterids than to other taxa in Osteoglossiformes. The Notopteridae are most closely related to the Mormyroidea; together they and the fossil family Ostariostomidae constitute the sister-group of the Osteoglossoidei.Fossil records of Hiodontiformes sensu stricto and Notopteroidei indicate a widespread pre-Neogene biogeographic range of these freshwater teleosts, suggesting that extinction must have been involved in the Cenozoic evolution of these two osteoglossomorph sublineages.

A new species of Lonchodryinus (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from Upper Eocene Baltic amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5020 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
MASSIMO OLMI ◽  
DMITRY V. VASILENKO ◽  
LEONARDO CAPRADOSSI ◽  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY ◽  
ADALGISA GUGLIELMINO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fore Wing ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
A New Species

Lonchodryinus groehni sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Dryinidae) is described from Baltic amber. The new species is close to L. balticus Olmi & Guglielmino, 2012, but it can be distinguished for the different OPL/POL ratio and 2r-rs&Rs vein of the fore wing. A key to the fossil species of Lonchodryinus and a comparison with the extant species L. ruficornis (Dalman, 1818) are presented.  

scholarly journals A remarkable new species of the rove beetle genus Anthobium Leach, 1819 from Eocene Baltic amber (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 973 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Shavrin ◽  
Shûhei Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Median Carina ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
A New Species

An unusual new omaliine species, Anthobium alekseevisp. nov., is described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber, tentatively placed in the megadiverse genus Anthobium Leach, 1819. A new monotypic species-group is established. The new species can easily be distinguished from other species of the genus by the larger body, shape of the subrectangular pronotum, and the presence of a median carina on the prosternum and large, subtriangular tooth on the inner side of each mesotibia, likely exhibiting a peculiar sexual dimorphism in the male. Based on the study of the specimen with support of microtomographic images, a brief comparative analysis of a new species with described extant species of Anthobium is provided.

Morphological revision of Siphonophora hui (Myriapoda: Diplopoda: Siphonophoridae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
YI-TONG SU ◽  
CHEN-YANG CAI ◽  
DI-YING HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Extant Species

Siphonophora hui Jiang et al., 2019, known from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, is the first formally described fossil species of the extant myriapod family Siphonophoridae. Here we re-study this species using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) on the basis of three new specimens from the same deposit. A comparison between the fossil and extant species of Siphonophora is given and several new morphological details are discussed.

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