scholarly journals Susceptibility of redheaded cockchafer Adoryphorus couloni in New Zealand to Metarhizium anisopliae strain DATF001 (Chaferguard)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
M. Brownbridge ◽  
R.J. Townsend ◽  
T.L. Nelson ◽  
B. Gicquel ◽  
M. Gengos
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Direct Incorporation ◽  
Human Recreation

The Australian pasture pest Adoryphorus couloni (redheaded cockchafer RHCC) continues to slowly spread from the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula through Christchurch towards productive agricultural land on the Canterbury Plains There are currently no products chemical or biological registered in New Zealand to control this pest In Christchurch several parks used extensively for human recreation were badly damaged by RHCC grubs in the autumn/early winter of 2008 and had to be treated with chemical insecticides (diazinon) Laboratory trials were thus carried out to assess the susceptibility of New Zealand populations of RHCC to a microbial biocontrol agent Metarhizium anisopliae DATF001 (ChaferGuard) registered in Australia Fungal activity was directly influenced by temperature and mode of application Infection and mortality occurred faster at 20C than 15C High mortality levels (90100 after 7 weeks) were obtained when larvae were treated by topical application (105 conidia/grub) or exposure to the dry ChaferGuard formulation in soil; >80 of the cadavers in these treatments were mycosed Direct incorporation of conidia into soil was the least effective treatment Grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) was unaffected by the fungus This trial confirmed the efficacy of DATF001 and its potential for use against New Zealand populations of RHCC

scholarly journals Compatibility of microbial control agents Serratia entomophila and Beauveria bassiana with selected fertilisers

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
R.J. Townsend ◽  
M. O'Callaghan ◽  
V.W. Johnson ◽  
T.A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Direct Drilling

Microbial control agents targeting soildwelling organisms need to be compatible with commonly used fertilisers The bacterium Serratia entomophila is used as a microbial control agent for control of the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica and Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus used to control a range of insect pests These biocontrol agents were formulated into granules and applied to pots together with five fertilisers commonly used on pastures throughout New Zealand Compatibility with S entomophila was also assessed in a field trial where treatments were applied by direct drilling and surface application There appeared to be no deleterious effect from the application of the fertiliser treatments on the establishment and survival of either S entomophila or B bassiana On the contrary there was a suggestion that some nitrogenous fertilisers may lead to an increase in numbers of the bacterial biocontrol agent

scholarly journals Preformulation characterisation of zeolite core materials in biocontrol products

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 284-284
Author(s):  
C.R. Bunt ◽  
S.A. Stelting ◽  
D.A. Wright ◽  
J. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica

Bioshield is a unique biocontrol agent that is used for control of the New Zealand grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) It consists of a core of zeolite with a biopolymer coating containing the bacterium Serratia entomophila Assessments of various zeolites (Z1BC Z1BDW Z1CG and Z1BI from New Zealand (NZZs) and AUFM 4/1 and AUZB from Australia (AZs)) were carried out prior to formulation Physical characteristics such as friability and water absorption and sorption were measured and success of bacterial coating was assessed by light microscopy and differential staining scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cell loading (cfu/g) Friability assessment of NZZs found approximately 5 mass loss while AZs did not lose any mass NZZs absorbed approximately 30 w / w while AZs 10 w / w water Water sorption to zeolites appeared to monolayer in nature although NZZs and AZs monolayer adsorption isotherms appear to differ being type II and type I respectively SEM analysis showed the surface of NZZs to be porous and populated by colloidal particles while AZs appeared very smooth and lacking in surface features Success of coating S entomophila onto NZZs and AZs was confirmed by SEM enumeration and livedead staining

Partnerships Generate Co-Benefits in Agricultural Stream Restoration (Canterbury, New Zealand)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Febria ◽  
Maggie Bayfield ◽  
Kathryn E. Collins ◽  
Hayley S. Devlin ◽  
Brandon C. Goeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
Scale Change ◽  
Large Scale Change

In Aotearoa New Zealand, agricultural land-use intensification and decline in freshwater ecosystem integrity pose complex challenges for science and society. Despite riparian management programmes across the country, there is frustration over a lack in widespread uptake, upfront financial costs, possible loss in income, obstructive legislation and delays in ecological recovery. Thus, social, economic and institutional barriers exist when implementing and assessing agricultural freshwater restoration. Partnerships are essential to overcome such barriers by identifying and promoting co-benefits that result in amplifying individual efforts among stakeholder groups into coordinated, large-scale change. Here, we describe how initial progress by a sole farming family at the Silverstream in the Canterbury region, South Island, New Zealand, was used as a catalyst for change by the Canterbury Waterway Rehabilitation Experiment, a university-led restoration research project. Partners included farmers, researchers, government, industry, treaty partners (Indigenous rights-holders) and practitioners. Local capacity and capability was strengthened with practitioner groups, schools and the wider community. With partnerships in place, co-benefits included lowered costs involved with large-scale actions (e.g., earth moving), reduced pressure on individual farmers to undertake large-scale change (e.g., increased participation and engagement), while also legitimising the social contracts for farmers, scientists, government and industry to engage in farming and freshwater management. We describe contributions and benefits generated from the project and describe iterative actions that together built trust, leveraged and aligned opportunities. These actions were scaled from a single farm to multiple catchments nationally.

Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.T. Amponsah ◽  
M. Walter R.M. Beresford ◽  
R.W.A. Scheper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Scar ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Different Types

Leaf scar wounds are important sites for Neonectria ditissima infection of apple trees Monitoring leaf fall in Scilate/Envy and Braeburn trees to estimate leaf scar wound presence showed maximum leaf scar incidence occurred in June (early winter) Wounds detected in New Zealand apple orchards were bud scale scars fruit thinning and picking wounds leaf scars and pruning cuts Picking wounds are caused during harvest where the pedicel is detached from the shoot Susceptibility of these different types of wounds was determined using artificial inoculation of N ditissima conidia during the season Pruning cut wounds were the most susceptible followed by fruit picking and thinning wounds and the least susceptible were leaf scar wounds No infections were observed when bud scale wounds were inoculated There was no difference in wound susceptibility between cultivars but overall Scilate/Envy wounds developed more lesions than Braeburn wounds

What habitat does spiny snout mite occupy in Tasmania

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
D.J. Wilson ◽  
P.J. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Nontarget Organisms ◽  
Flea Control ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

Spiny snout mite (Neomolgus capillatus) is a potential biocontrol agent for clover flea (Sminthurus viridis) a white clover pest on dairy farms in warmer and wetter parts of New Zealand In the 1990s this mite was introduced from Brittany France into Tasmania for clover flea control Results during the release programme were highly promising and subsequent anecdotal farmer reports indicate widespread decreases in damage As N capillatus is a predatory mite and already known to attack nontarget organisms habitat specificity will determine whether it could be introduced into New Zealand without risk to native insects To assess this pastures on nine of the original Tasmanian release farms and adjacent nontarget habitats ranging from bush wetlands eucalypt stands to sand dune country were sampled in April 2014 Litter samples were collected heat extracted and mite species identified Neomolgus capillatus was found at effective densities in pastures that had good clover cover Where present it displaced Bdellodes spp mites that are ineffective against clover flea No N capillatus were found in the nontarget habitats all of which lacked clover and contained other predatory mites including Bdellodes spp Therefore the preference by N capillatus for lush pastures makes it an excellent prospect for introduction as a biocontrol agent into clover flea prone regions of New Zealand

scholarly journals Foeniculum vulgare (fennel).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Jennifer Datiles ◽  
Ian Popay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract Foeniculum vulgare, also known as sweet fennel, is a common kitchen herb used around the world - but it is also a highly invasive weed that can severely damage ecosystems. A risk assessment prepared for Hawaii gave the species a high risk score of 19 (PIER, 2015). F. vulgare is known to alter fire regimes and create dense stands, outcompeting native flora for nutrients and space (DiTomaso et al., 2013; Cal-IPC, 2015). It was listed in the Global Compendium of Weeds as an "agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed" (Randall, 2012), and is known to be invasive (mostly in natural habitats rather than agricultural land) in California, New Zealand, significant parts of Australia and a number of locations in the Pacific. (PIER, 2015). The species is a principal weed in Mexico and New Zealand, a common weed in Argentina, Australia, Hawaii, and Spain, weedy in Chile, Morocco, Uruguay, the USA, and Venezuela, and it is known to be adventive in China, Colombia (Holm et al., 1979; Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2015; PIER, 2015; Vascular Plants of Antioquia, 2015). It is also reported as invasive in Ethiopia and Kenya. It can regenerate by both seeds and roots, which often makes physical control methods ineffective and chemical control necessary once a population is established.

scholarly journals WINTER GRAZING VERSUS SUPPLEMENTS - CHEAPER DAIRYING SYSTEMS

1988 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
J.P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Farm Machinery ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Winter Grazing

Present economics dictate New Zealand dairy farmers either increase producton or reduce expenditure to maintain net farm income. Costs associated with present feed conservation practices,are high and so cheaper alternatives for bridging a winter feed deficit are considered. Making no conservation would mean generating additional feed energy by foregoing some milkfat production. Lower cow conversion ratios of milkfat from pasture in late lactation means it is more economic to create additional feed at the end of the season by drying-off earlier rather than calving later. Utilising additional cow liveweight as a store of energy has high metabolic inefficiencies. At today's prices, grazing cows off to overcome the deficit is the most economic and practical solution. Economically, alternatives to traditional supplement systems requre a massive reduction of capital farm machinery to be viable. Management strategies, both to control the spring feed surplus and to increase average farm herbage masses in early winter without loss of growth or quality, need to be developed.

Predation, prey preference and reproduction of predatory mites Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman), Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) on immature Sericothrips staphylinus Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a biocontrol agent of gorse

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Wendy Lam ◽  
Quentin Paynter ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Amblydromalus Limonicus ◽  
Amblyseius Herbicolus

Gorse, Ulex europaeus, is an invasive weed that has serious agricultural, economic and ecological impacts. Although various biological control agents have been released in New Zealand, these have showed no noticeable impact on gorse populations. One such agent, Sericothrips staphylinus, was introduced to New Zealand in 1990 and although laboratory impact studies indicated it was a highly promising gorse biological control agent, it has not been as effective as was hoped. We hypothesized this was due to predation by natural enemies. This study investigated the predation and oviposition rates of three phytoseiid mites (Amblydromalus limonicus, Amblyseius herbicolus, and Neoseiulus cucumeris) that have been found on gorse plants in New Zealand on three S. staphylinus stages (1st instar larvae, 2nd instar larvae, and prepupa) in both choice and non-choice conditions. In non-choice conditions, A. limonicus had the highest predation and oviposition rate across all three immature stages, and N. cucumeris had the lowest. Amblydromalus  limonicus, A. herbicolus, and N. cucumeris all had their highest predation rate when consuming 1st instar larvae, and their lowest predation rate when consuming prepupa. In the choice experiment, all three predatory mite species consumed their highest proportion of 1st instar larvae, and their lowest proportion of prepupae.  The oviposition rate of all three mite species in the choice experiment was similar to the oviposition rate when presented with 1st instar larvae only. The results from this study confirm that A. limonicus, A. herbicolus, and N. cucumeris can predate and reproduce on S. staphylinus 1st instar larvae, 2nd instar larvae, and prepupa. This indicates that predation may be the reason why S. staphylinus is an ineffective biocontrol agent in New Zealand. 

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