REDUCTION OF FUNGAL DISEASES AFFECTING SPRING TRITICALE SEEDLINGS AFTER TREATMENT WITH A NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS SALTS MIXTURE
The article presents the results of studying the effect of pretreatment of 20 triticale samples from the VIR collection seedlings with a solution of a mixture of ammonium nitrate (concentration 12.9 g / l) and monosodium phosphate (2.6 g / l)on the development of leaf rust, dark-brown leaf spot blotch and Septoria nodorum blotch. The seedlings were sprayed with this solution, dried, and infected with water suspensions of pathogens spores. As an inoculum, we used a complex population of Puccinia triticina, a mixture of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Stagonospora nodorum isolates. All samples in the control variants were highly susceptible to the diseases under studyin the juvenile stage of growth, and seven days after infection with pathogens of spot blotch and Septoria blotch seedlings died. Pretreatment of plants with a mixture of nitrogen and phosphorus salts led to a significant decrease in the development of the rust in all samples, and 6 of them in the experimental variant showed no symptoms of the disease. As a result of the treatment, the development of dark-brown leaf spot blotch was statistically significantly decreased in 18 triticale samples; in 10 samples, the development of the disease did not exceed 20% of the leaf area with leaf death in the control. Pretreatment of triticale seedlings with a mixture of solutions of ammonium nitrate and sodium phosphate reduced the development of Septoria blotch in 13 samples, in 8 the development of the disease did not exceed 20% of the leaf surface at plant death in control. A sharp decrease in the development of all three diseases as a result of seedlings treatment with a mixture of nitrogen and phosphorus salts was revealed in triticale varieties Dorothea, Yarik 11, Saur, Gorka, Dublet and Sandio.