SUCCESSIVE CYCLIC MOVEMENT IN STANDARD INDONESIAN’S VERBAL PREFIXES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Denny Irjanto Siagian
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Actual Form ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Cyclic Movement ◽  
Unique Word

<p>Standard Indonesian has several unique word formations, such as affixation. Some studies discuss about this patterning, like Sato in 2010, who came up with the prefixation <em>meN-</em>, nonetheless, the analysis is not quite precise, where the actual form of the prefix is <em>me</em>-, which then experience automatic phonological process by the surrounding sound(s), and subsequently the base form <em>me</em>- will then be conjugated in order to match to the root. Additionally, this paper would also reveal the genuine form of the other prefixes in Standard Indonesian, including any possible phonological changes according to the sounds circumstance. Moreover, the discussion will be extended under the principles of syntax-morphology parameter, exactly in the phenomenon of successive cyclicity, which particularly involves <em>wh </em>and <em>NP </em>movement.</p>

scholarly journals The inflection of Sasak language in Kuripan village

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-181
Author(s):  
Wahyu Kamil Syarifaturrahman ◽  
Nurachman Hanafi ◽  
Nuriadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Difference Function ◽  
The People ◽  
Base Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inflectional Affixes

This writing is about inflection of Sasak language in Kuripan. The people of Kuripan use Meno-Mene dialect as their daily communication. Sasak language in Kuripan has the uniqueness based on its position (lay on a boundary area of West Lombok and Central Lombok) wherein Kuripan uses Meno-Mene dialect and the other part of Central Lombok which is close to Kuripan Use Meriaq-Meriku dialect so that it makes Meno-Mene dialect of Kuripan has its own character. Based on the phenomenon about varieties of the words and utterances which have different structure is used in Sasak language especially in Kuripan, so I interest in doing the research about inflection as a subfield of morphology which influences the sentences or utterances structurally.  Therefore, this study aims to analyze the types and the functions of inflection in the Meno-Mene dialect of Kuripan. This study used a descriptive and qualitative method where the data gathered through some methods: observation, and an interview. The data gathered are analyzed using some steps: Representing the data obtained, then classifying the class category of the base words (whether they are verb, noun, or adjective), then Identifying the types of inflection in  Meno-Mene Dialect of Kuripan, and the last Analyzing various functions of inflection in Meno-Mene dialect of Kuripan. This study found there is 34 (thirty-four) inflection morpheme that classified according to the lexical category, namely; noun, verb, and adjective. Furthermore, all of the inflectional affixes above have the difference function depend on their affixes and their base-form category. Hence, this study found that the use Meno-Mene dialect of Kuripan has the various affixes especially in term of inflection which influences the utterances or expressions grammatically.

Variation and change in instrument noun formation in Hebrew and its relation to the verbal system

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Laks
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Thematic Role ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Thematic Relation

This paper examines morphological variation and change in the formation of instrument nouns in Hebrew. The change is always from one of the non-participle templates into a participle template and never the other way around. Nonetheless, not all instrument nouns (INs) change their template. I contend that the transition to the participle templates can be predicted based on systematic criteria. Such a change targets both morphological and thematic transparency between the IN and the related verb. Thematically, the participle IN corresponds to a thematic role that the verb assigns. The IN has to be agentive in order to be thematically transparent and undergo morphological change. The more transparent the thematic relation between the verb and the IN is, the greater the chance for morphological change. Morphologically, the formation of the participle form is also more transparent as it requires fewer changes between the verb and the IN. The only changes that occur are affixation and changing the vowels of the base verb, and the formation in the participle templates preserves the prosodic structure of the base verb. The analysis also provides further support to the stem modification theory and shows that the formation of the instrument noun is based on internal changes on the verbal base form without separate reference to the consonantal root.

scholarly journals Sistem Perubahan Struktur Silabel dan Netralisasi Vokal dalam Bahasa Sasak Dialek Bayan (System Of Syllable Structure Change And Vocal Neutralization In Sasak Dialect Of Bayan Language)

JALABAHASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Evi Arifiani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Structure Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Sorting Technique

The purpose of this study was to find out the various phonological processes in the affixation process in the formation of verbs in the Bayan dialect Sasak language. The method of data analysis with the Agih method and equivalent. Agih method with the technique of sorting out elements directly. The researcher sorted out the affixes forming verbs and Bayan dialect of Sasak verbs. Then, the researcher used the matching method with the direct element sorting technique whose elemental breaker was in the form of an articular phonetic fragment. After that, the researcher describes the phonological processes that occur according to their type with Schane's generative phonological theory (1992). The result of this study shows that the influence of sound around the environment can make the other sounds appear that have the closest characteristics. This led to the phonological process in the form of changes in the structure of the syllable and vocal neutrality. First, In the verb word morphophonemic process with the affixation of the prefix /bə-/ indicating the phonological process in the form of changes in the syllable structure in the form of consonant sound insertion [r], and [l]. Second, In the verb word morphophonemic process with affixation / -aŋ / showing the phonological process in the form of a change in syllable structure in the form of semi vowel sound insertion [w], and [y]. Third, A case of neutralization occurs when the sound [ə] is pronounced to sound [a], if the sound [ə] at the end position meets the vowel [a]. The distinguishing or distinctive feature that is neutralized is the characteristic [+ tense] of the sound [ə] to [-tense] or [+ lax]. [-Tense] or [+ lax] are the effects of vowels [a].Keywords: verbs, Bayan dialect Sasak language, changes in silabel structure of sound, and  sound neutralization

‘Good Wordes and Faire Speeches’ (Rom 16.18 AV): More Materials and a Pauline Pun

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-614
Author(s):  
J. Lionel North
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Unique Word

In Rom 16.18 we have a unique word, alongside another word which is used by Paul in a unique way. That is challenge enough to any student of the language of the Greek NT. ‘Faire speeches’ is the AV's rendering of εὐλογία. Elsewhere in the NT, where it occurs 16 times, εὐλογία is always used in an approving sense, of the human praise of God or of the divine bounty for which praise is due. The word is found nine times in the Pauline corpus; a little earlier in this same letter, Paul had spoken about his certainty that he will visit Rome ‘in the fullness of the blessing (εὐλογία) of Christ’ (15.29 RSV). After that and the other Pauline and the non-Pauline usage, the use at 16.18 grates on the ear.1Its context shows that here εὐλογία is being used disparagingly, of men who flatter to deceive (ἐξαπατῶσιν) and work to mislead and divide the community. Today, we might call such men ‘smoothies’ who ‘turn on the charm’, ‘chat up’ the gullible, ‘talk up’ their policies and ‘sweet talk’ their way to success for their own selfish purposes.

scholarly journals Exploring Kogi epistemic marking in interactional elicitation tasks: A report from the field

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Knuchel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cognitive Access ◽  
The One ◽  
Relative Scarcity

AbstractThis paper discusses methods to investigate epistemic marking in Kogi, a Chibchan language of Colombia. The type of epistemic marking prominent in Kogi grammar belongs to the recently proposed category of engagement, which is concerned with signaling shared vs. non-shared access to a discourse object between the speech-act participants. This is manifested on the one hand in an (ad)nominal demonstrative that is licensed by shared visual or cognitive access to a referent, and on the other hand, in a set of verbal prefixes that reflect (a)symmetries in access to states of affairs. Given the relatively abstract meaning of epistemic markers as well as their particular context sensitivity, the study of such forms comes with certain challenges such as, for example, their elusiveness to semantic elicitation or relative scarcity in naturally occurring speech. The present study aims to circumvent these pitfalls by employing methods that constitute a middle ground between controlled elicitation and spontaneous speech, namely stimuli-based, interactional elicitation tasks, in which participants are asked to collaboratively solve a problem or develop a narrative. In addition to the description of the materials and procedures, the tasks are discussed with regard to the occurrence of engagement forms in the obtained data.

On the distribution of resumptive pronouns and wh-trace in Welsh

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resumptive Pronouns ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Cyclic Movement ◽  
External Position

Welsh has generally been analyzed as allowing two types of relative clauses and other A´-constructions, one involving movement leaving a wh-trace, the other involving a resumptive pronoun in situ. In this paper, I argue that, despite the appearance of agreement, which seems to license a null resumptive pronoun, relative clauses formed on a number of syntactic positions (object of periphrastic verb, object of preposition, embedded subject) may involve movement. Both movement and non-movement strategies are argued to be available for some syntactic positions (object of preposition, embedded subject), and separate constraints must therefore be established for the distribution of each. Resumptive pronouns are argued to be subject to a variant of the A´-Disjointness Requirement. For wh-trace, the Welsh evidence is compatible only with an account involving multiple cyclic movement via a VP-external position (SpecAgrOP) as well as SpecCP.

Typology and grammaticalization in the Papuan languages of Timor, Alor, and Pantar

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Klamer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Numeral Classifiers ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Other Hand

This chapter investigates two grammaticalization patterns that are characteristic for the Timor-Alor-Pantar (TAP) family, a family of ~25 Papuan languages spoken in eastern Indonesia: first, the grammaticalization first of locational, deictic, and handling verbs into adpositions and verbal prefixes, and second, of nouns into numeral classifiers. It is observed that in verb grammaticalization, many cognate forms are involved, while the process is not influenced by contact with (an) Austronesian language(s). The grammaticalization of nouns into classifiers, on the other hand, does not involve any cognates, and is influenced by Austronesian contact. Grammaticalization is thus not determined only by universal tendencies, nor by typology alone; sociohistorical circumstances play a role too. If and how contact influences grammaticalization depends on the type and intensity of contact; and contact affects grammaticalization in the verbal and nominal domain in different ways.

scholarly journals The effect of gravity upon the movements and aggregation of euglena viridis, ehrb., and other micro-organisms

1910 ◽  
Vol 83 (562) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Narrow Tube ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
Cyclic Movement ◽  
Weak Light ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
Micro Organisms

In the course some experiments on the effect of various physical forces upon the movements of Euglena viridis , it was found that, when placed in the dark in shallow vessels or narrow tubes, a peculiar aggregation of these organisms takes place into network-like patterns or more or less well-defined circular groups. The aggregation is only visible when the Euglenæ are abundant, and is more regular and pronounced in a shallow vessel than in a deep one, especially if it is completely filled with the liquid containing the organisms, and sealed up so that the upper surface is not in contact with the air. If a narrow tube filled with water containing sufficient Euglenæ to give it a pronounced green colour is placed horizontally in the dark or in a weak light, the aggregation takes the form of a series of nearly equally spaced groups, like green bands, crossing the tube from one side to the other, and extending along its whole length. Each group shows clearly two distinct regions, a central denser one consisting of cells moving downwards, and a lighter peripheral area consisting of cells moving more or less regularly upwards. There is, in fact, a constant cyclic movement downwards and upwards, which is kept up so long as the aggregation persists. Examination with a pocket lens shows that, as the organisms reach the bottom of the stream, they gradually separate from one another, and begin to move upwards. As they reach the upper surface, they are seen to be drawn towards the central denser region of the group, and again enter the downward stream.

scholarly journals ‘HOW TO READ A ROMAN PORTRAIT’? OPTATIAN PORFYRY, CONSTANTINE AND THEVVLTVS AVGVSTI

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 179-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Squire
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Geometric Pattern ◽  
Actual Form ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
The One

This article takes its lead from research into the ‘language’ of Roman portraiture. More specifically, it explores a work that literalizes the idea of ‘reading’ a Roman portrait (to quote Sheldon Nodelman's classic phrase): a picture-poem by Publilius Optatianus Porfyrius — a much maligned poet active in the first decades of the fourth centuryad— that purports, through its iconotextual form, to visualize the countenance of the emperor Constantine (uultus Augusti). After a brief introduction to Optatian and hisœuvre, the article offers a close reading of his third poem, demonstrating the sophisticated ways in which it probes the latent iconic potential of written script. What particularly interests me about this case study is its underlying paradox: on the one hand, Optatian boasts that his painted page will outstrip antiquity's most celebrated painter (it ‘will dare outdo the waxes of Apelles’,uincere Apelleas audebit pagina ceras); on the other, the actual form of the picture seems to eschew mimetic modes of representation, rendering Constantine's ‘portrait’ a geometric pattern. So how should we make sense of this image? What does the poem reveal about ideas of portraiture in the fourth century? And how might we contextualize Optatian's abiding fascination with the limits of ‘seeing’ and ‘reading’?

scholarly journals Exploring Kogi epistemic marking in interactional elicitation tasks: A report from the field

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-467
Author(s):  
Dominique Knuchel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cognitive Access ◽  
The One ◽  
Relative Scarcity

AbstractThis paper discusses methods to investigate epistemic marking in Kogi, a Chibchan language of Colombia. The type of epistemic marking prominent in Kogi grammar belongs to the recently proposed category of engagement, which is concerned with signaling shared vs. non-shared access to a discourse object between the speech-act participants. This is manifested on the one hand in an (ad)nominal demonstrative that is licensed by shared visual or cognitive access to a referent, and on the other hand, in a set of verbal prefixes that reflect (a)symmetries in access to states of affairs. Given the relatively abstract meaning of epistemic markers as well as their particular context sensitivity, the study of such forms comes with certain challenges such as, for example, their elusiveness to semantic elicitation or relative scarcity in naturally occurring speech. The present study aims to circumvent these pitfalls by employing methods that constitute a middle ground between controlled elicitation and spontaneous speech, namely stimuli-based, interactional elicitation tasks, in which participants are asked to collaboratively solve a problem or develop a narrative. In addition to the description of the materials and procedures, the tasks are discussed with regard to the occurrence of engagement forms in the obtained data.

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