Calibration of Relative Humidity with Artificial Mass Method in Biogas Plant

Biogas plant needs to be given specific amount of relative humidity setting in order to make it work optimally. It is one major factors of gas waste adsorption through final process of activated carbon in biogas plant, especially for hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a side gas appeared in biogas plant which has to be removed by various processes, including the presence of activated carbon filter that usually appeared on last stage of biomass filtration process which is poisonous and corrosive to the metal parts. Today, air humidity gauges have been found quite a lot on the market. However, how accurate the device is, needs to be further proven in the laboratory, especially when the gauges have to face corrosive gases such as this H2S. Therefore, calibration for cheap and efficient relative humidity measurement is very necessary. The method will use comparison between RH reading and RH calculation based on parameters of plant settings in the form of gas composition mixture, flow duration, pressure, volumetric flow rate, and temperature. This paper will discuss how to calculate and measure calibration for relative humidity that is practical, simple and does not cost much so that it is expected to be used for low-funding research in biogas plant.

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Adsorption–oxidation of hydrogen sulfide on activated carbon fibers: effect of the composition and the relative humidity of the gas phase

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.018 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 481-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A. Bouzaza ◽

A. Laplanche ◽

S. Marsteau

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Activated Carbon Fibers ◽

Oxidation Of Hydrogen ◽

Effect Of The Composition

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Validation of chemotherapy drug vapor containment of an air cleaning closed-system drug transfer device

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/10781552211030682 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107815522110306

Author(s):

Galit Levin ◽

Paul JM Sessink

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Closed System ◽

Membrane Filter ◽

Drug Transfer ◽

Glass Vessel ◽

Air Cleaning ◽

No Release ◽

Activated Carbon Filter ◽

Carbon Filter ◽

Transfer Device

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of ChemfortTM, an air filtration closed-system drug transfer device to prevent release of chemotherapy drug vapors and aerosols under extreme conditions. The air cleaning system is based on the adsorption of drug vapors by an activated carbon filter in the Vial Adaptor before the air is released out of the drug vial. The functionality of the carbon filter was also tested at the end of device’s shelf life, and after a contact period with drug vapors for 7 days. Cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were the chemotherapy drugs tested. Methods The Vial Adaptor was attached to a drug vial and both were placed in a glass vessel. A needle was punctured through the vessel stopper and the Vial Adaptor septum to allow nitrogen gas to flow into the vial and to exit the vial via the air filter into the glass vessel which was connected to a cold trap. Potential contaminated surfaces in the trap system were wiped or rinsed to collect the escaped drug. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results Cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were detected on most surfaces inside the trap system for all Vial Adaptors without an activated carbon filter. Contamination did not differ between the Vial Adaptors with and without membrane filter indicating no effect of the membrane filter. The results show no release of either drug for the Vial Adaptors with an activated carbon filter even after 3 years of simulated aging and 7 days of exposure to drug vapors. Conclusions Validation of air cleaning CSTDs is important to secure vapor and aerosol containment of chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs. The presented test method has proven to be appropriate for the validation of ChemfortTM Vial Adaptors. No release of cyclophosphamide and 5- fluorouracil was found even for Vial Adaptors after 3 years of simulated aging and 7 days of exposure to drug vapors.

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Activated Carbon Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide

Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division ◽

10.1061/jsedai.0000304 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

R. S. Murphy ◽

I. W. Santry

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Carbon Removal

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Micro-flocculation/sedimentation and ozonation for controlling ultrafiltration membrane fouling in recycling of activated carbon filter backwash water

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2017.05.077 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 325 ◽

pp. 160-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jianan Zhang ◽

Tao Lin ◽

Wei Chen

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽

Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling ◽

Activated Carbon Filter ◽

Carbon Filter ◽

Filter Backwash Water

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Enhancement of nuclease P1 production by Penicillium citrinum YL104 immobilized on activated carbon filter sponge

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-014-6163-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 1145-1153 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nan Zhao ◽

Hengfei Ren ◽

Zhenjian Li ◽

Ting Zhao ◽

Xinchi Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Penicillium Citrinum ◽

Nuclease P1 ◽

Activated Carbon Filter ◽

Carbon Filter

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Modelling the thermal inactivation of viruses from the Coronaviridae family in suspensions or on surfaces with various relative humidities

10.1101/2020.05.26.20114025 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laurent Guillier ◽

Sandra Martin-Latil ◽

Estelle Chaix ◽

Anne Thébault ◽

Nicole Pavio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Thermal Inactivation ◽

Inactivation Kinetics ◽

Virus Infectivity ◽

Virus Inactivation ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Contact Transmission ◽

D Values ◽

Major Factors ◽

The Impact

AbstractTemperature and relative humidity are major factors determining virus inactivation in the environment. This article reviews inactivation data of coronaviruses on surfaces and in liquids from published studies and develops secondary models to predict coronaviruses inactivation as a function of temperature and relative humidity. A total of 102 D-values (time to obtain a log10 reduction of virus infectivity), including values for SARS-CoV-2, were collected from 26 published studies. The values obtained from the different coronaviruses and studies were found to be generally consistent. Five different models were fitted to the global dataset of D-values. The most appropriate model considered temperature and relative humidity. A spreadsheet predicting the inactivation of coronaviruses and the associated uncertainty is presented and can be used to predict virus inactivation for untested temperatures, time points or new coronavirus strains.ImportanceThe prediction of the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on fomites is essential to investigate the importance of contact transmission. This study collects available information on inactivation kinetics of coronaviruses in both solid and liquid fomites and creates a mathematical model for the impact of temperature and relative humidity on virus persistence. The predictions of the model can support more robust decision-making and could be useful in various public health contexts. Having a calculator for the natural clearance of SARS-CoV-2 depending on temperature and relative humidity could be a valuable operational tool for public authorities.

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