scholarly journals INCORPORATION VITAMIN E FROM PFAD IN MATRIX OF MIXED GALAKTOMANAN KOLANG-KALING (Arenga pinnata) AND GUM ACASIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
REZA ZULMI ◽  
Jamaran Kaban ◽  
Juliati Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

Incorporation of vitamin E from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) into matrix of mixed gum acacia and galactomannan from Arenga pinnata (kolang-kaling) (GAP) has been studied. Galactomannan extracted from Arenga pinnata was 4.7%. Incorporations were conducted using using 7 gram gum acacia (GA), 1.3 gram vitamin E from PFAD and GAP varied from 0.1 – 0.4 gram in 100 ml total volume. The thickness of the film occurred in the range of 0.600 – 0.780 mm. In the increment of GAP amount the viscosity and stability of film was increased. The best film obtained which most compatible and has viscosity similar with standard of ISO 9001 – 2008 and ISO 22000 – 2005 was from formula 3 contained 0.2 gram GAP. The oncentration of vitamin E determined using gas chromatography was 75.4501%. The composition of vitamin E was tocotrienol 74.41% and tocopherol 25.59%.

scholarly journals Scrubbed Palm Fatty Acid Distillate as Vitamin E Concentrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnart Soontornchatchawate ◽  
Supachai Chintanalert ◽  
Prakob Kitchaiya ◽  
Apinan Namkanisorn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

Gasoline Yield Enhancement in Fluid Catalytic Cracking by Coprocessing of Petroleum Gasoil with Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084
Author(s):  
Zarkoni Azis ◽  
Bambang Heru Susanto ◽  
Mohammad Nasikin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Cracking Reaction ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

Gasoline is liquid hydrocarbon fuel used for spark-ignition engine. Most of gasoline production is carried out in the petroleum oil refinery through several stages of process and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is an important process that can convert some of heavy oil fractions like vacuum gasoil (VGO) and residue to be cracked into gasoline and lighter products. Consumption of gasoline for transportation fuel in Indonesia is higher than its production capability, so this gap has compelled to search the alternative process route using renewable feedstock. Coprocessing of petroleum gasoil with crude palm oil in fluid catalytic cracking had been investigated previously resulting in lower value of conversion as well as gasoline yield when applying co-feeds at higher level of vegetable oils. Cracking feedstock containing triglyceride and fatty acid from vegetable oil is supposed to be the other possibility as a reason of conversion and yield changes. The research work is aimed to find out another way for gasoline yield upgrading in fluid catalytic cracking process using available catalyst by coprocessing of VGO with refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) and small amount of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). The experimental work of cracking reaction was performed on fluid-bed reactor of ACE unit at temperature of 530 °C, nearly atmospheric pressure and catalyst-oil ratio of 5.5 g/g. Three kind of oil feeds were tested namely VGO, VGO mixed with 5% RBDPO and VGO added with 5% RBDPO-PFAD of mixing ratio 9:1. The cracking reaction results in gaseous and liquid products. The gaseous phase product was analyzed using online gas chromatography to detect light hydrocarbon components of C1, C2 and H2 as dry gas and hydrocarbon components of C3 and C4 as LPG. The liquid item was investigated through gas chromatography of simulated distillation to separate fluid components including gasoline, light cycle oil (LCO) and slurry oil. Carbon material placed on catalyst through cracking reaction was analyzed at regeneration step of spent catalyst passed through catalytic converter by online Infrared method. Coprocessing of VGO with 5% RBDPO and VGO with 5% RBDPO-PFAD can alter conversion and product yields. The presence of triglyceride and fatty acid in oil feeds during cracking reaction influence signifi- cantly to gasoline enhancement. Although this coprocessing work has shown initial phenomenon in accordance with hypothesis, further investigation is necessary to explore deeper in order to obtain an optimized process condition by various levels of coprocessing feed.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of Micronutrient Recovery from Vegetable Oil by Silica-based Adsorption: Vitamin E from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Diana Susanti ◽  
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan ◽  
Sang Kompiang Wirawan ◽  
Budhijanto Budhijanto
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

Mathematical modelling on kinetics of batch adsorption of vitamin E separation from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) has been set-up and then applied for literature experimental data. Since the sizes of adsorbent particles used are usually relatively small, the concentration in the particles is assumed to be uniform. Hence, the adsorption rate is controlled by the rate of solute mass transfer from the bulk fluid to the surface of particles. In this model, the rate of mass transfer is assumed to be proportional to the concentration deviation from the equilibrium state. Meanwhile, the equilibrium models applied were coefficient distribution, Freundlich, and  Langmuir with  the  values  of  the  parameters obtained from literature data. It turned out that the model set-up can quantitatively describe the experimental kinetics data from literature. The value of mass transfer coefficient per unit adsorbent mass (kca) is obtained by curve fitting. It is also observed that the model proposed quantitatively describes the batch adsorption process well. The three equilibrium models applied are suitable for the mathematical modelling. Adjustment of the values of equilibrium isotherm parameters from literature significantly improves the accuracy of the model.

scholarly journals Mini Review: Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Unsaponifiable Matter from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Angela Wulansari ◽  
Teti Estiasih ◽  
Yunianta Yunianta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Unsaponifiable Matter ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Effect ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

Palm fruit as raw material of palm oil is the main commodity of Indonesian agriculture. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of palm oil refinery process in deodorization stage. PFAD contained bioactive compounds such as vitamin E, phytosterols, and squalene. Vitamin E, phytosterols, and squalene have knows for its hypocholesterolemic effect and cardio protector. Bioactive compounds of PFAD can be separated from its fatty acid using saponification reaction. Saponification of PFAD produced unsaponifiable matter (USM) which was rich in bioactive compounds. Food fortification is aimed to enhance the nutrition quality of food for specific reason. The fortificant can be macronutrient or micronutrient. USM of PFAD potentially become food product fortificant which will give hypocholesterolemic effect. This review is discussed about hypocholesterolemic effect of each bioactive compounds in USM of PFAD and the potential of USM as food fortificant espsecially for food with hypocholesterolemic effect.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin E Concentrate from Magnesium Salts of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (Mg-PFAD)

REAKTOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Dianika Lestari ◽  
Khalisa Putri Aqilah ◽  
Salsafia Putri ◽  
Ardiyan Harimawan ◽  
Diky Mudhakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

Vitamin E concentrate was produced through saponification of palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD) and magnesium oxide to form Mg-PFAD, followed by three-stages vitamin E extraction with isopropanol, hexane, or ethanol. The vitamin E-rich extracts were evaporated to remove solvent and produced vitamin E concentrate. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of organic solvent’s types and solvent to Mg-PFAD mass ratios on vitamin E concentration, solvent selectivity, and antioxidant activity of the vitamin E concentrate. Vitamin E concentrates obtained after isopropanol extraction had vitamin E concentration of 784 ppm with vitamin E recovery of 16 mg tocopherol/100 mg tocopherol in Mg-PFAD, while vitamin E concentrates obtained after hexane extraction had vitamin E concentration of 574 ppm with vitamin E recovery of 35 mg tocopherol/100 mg tocopherol in Mg-PFAD. Isopropanol extraction produced vitamin E concentrate with the highest selectivity for vitamin E and the highest antioxidant activity of 79% IC. It was found that vitamin E concentration was not proportional to the antioxidant activity of the vitamin E concentrate.Keywords: Direct solvent extraction, palm fatty acid distillate, saponification, vitamin E, unsaponifiable matter 

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