Decolourisation of Sewage using Commercial Tannin-Based Coagulant

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azreen Ibrahim ◽  
◽  
Junidah Lamaming ◽  
Lorita Nakolas ◽  
Vielyn Jinus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Sedimentation Time

In this work, the effectiveness of removing colour and total suspended solid (TSS) from complex organic particulate artificial sewage (COPAS) via the coagulation process was studied. Organo-floc (OF), a tannin-based coagulant derived from the plant was used as a coagulant. OF was applied in a jar test experiment at the various dosages at 57 rpm for 5 min, and 30 min sedimentation time to find out the optimum dosage for colour and TSS removal. Zeta potential, pH and conductivity were also analysed. Experiment with tannin dosage of 125 ppm resulted in the highest colour and TSS removal of 94% and 79%, respectively. Organo-floc showed promising results in decolourisation and TSS removal from artificial sewage.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN AIR DALAM MENUNJANG KEGIATAN PENCUCIAN PADA PROSES PENAMBANGAN BAUKSIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 739-750
Author(s):  
Kusmanto Kusmanto ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Fauzi ◽  
Gembong S Wibowo ◽  
Bayu Aji
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Mine Openings

ABSTRAK Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan ekspor bauksit, sesuai Permen ESDM nomor 25 tahun 2018, perusahaan tambang diwajibkan untuk melakukan peningkatan kadar bauksit yang akan dijual melalui proses pencucian. Untuk mendukung hal tersebut, dibangun washing plant, sebagai sarana proses pencucian, dan sedimen pond, sebagai sarana sumber air serta pengelolaan limbah. Secara umum, proses pengelolaan air berawal dari run off pada bukaan tambang, yang dikelola dengan membuat kolam pengendapan di area tambang. kemudian untuk mendukung proses pencucian, dibangun sedimen pond sebagai sarana tempat penampungan limbah hasil pencucian dan pengelolaan air limbah sehingga dapat digunakan kembali untuk proses pencucian bauksit di washing plant. Alur proses pencucian berawal dari air pada kolam dipompakan ke washing plant, limbah hasil pencucian dialirkan ke kolam sedimen, kemudian dilakukan proses daur ulang melalui sirkulasi tertutup dengan dialirkannya kembali air tersebut ke kolam pompa untuk digunakan pada proses pencucian. Pada musim hujan, apabila terdapat penambahan air dari run off, sebagian air dialirkan ke badan air atau lingkungan untuk menjaga kapasitas tampung dari kolam sedimen. Dikarenakan adanya aliran air ke lingkungan, maka Tambang Bauksit Tayan wajib memenuhi persyaratan pada Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup nomor 34 tahun 2009 tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Air Kegiatan Pertambangan Bauksit. Berdasarkan peraturan tersebut, Tambang Bauksit Tayan wajib memenuhi kadar baku mutu pH di rentang 6-9 dan maksimum kadar Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 200 mg/l.  Maka dari itu, sebelum dialirkan ke kolam pompa, dilakukan penambahan flokulan untuk menjaga kadar TSS air tidak melebihi baku mutu sehingga diperbolehkan untuk dialirkan ke lingkungan dan mengondisikan air tetap jernih untuk menunjang proses pencucian. Untuk mengetahui flokulan dengan kinerja paling optimal, dilakukan jar test dengan beberapa jenis flokulan untuk mengetahui perbandingan biaya terhadap efektivitas proses yang dihasilkan. Dari percobaan yang dilakukan, seluruh flokulan efektif dan diperoleh efisiensi proses tertinggi dari flokulan sebesar 99% untuk konsentrasi flokulan uji 5 ppm. Kemudian flokulan tersebut digunakan sebagai bahan penjernih air pada water treatment plant untuk mengelola air limbah pencucian bauksit agar sesuai dengan standar parameter yang tertera pada regulasi yang ada. Dengan dilaksanakannya proses pengelolaan run off pada bukaan tambang, pengelolaan sedimen pond, dan pemenuhan aspek kepatuhan regulasi, kegiatan penambangan bauksit, khususnya pada tahapan pencucian di washing plant dapat dilaksanakan secara optimal sehingga dapat mendukung proses produksi untuk mencapai target yang telah ditetapkan. Kata Kunci : Run Off, Pencucian Bauksit, Sedimen Pond, Total Suspended Solid, Flokulan  ABSTRACT In carrying out bauxite export activities, according to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 25  2018, mining companies are required to increase the level of bauxite which will be sold through the washing process. To support this, a washing plant was built, as a means of the washing process, and a sediment pond, as an air source and waste management. In general, the process of water management starts from runoff at mine openings, which is managed by creating a settling pond in the mine area. then to support the washing process, build a sediment pond as a waste disposal place for washing and waste water management can be used again for the process of washing bauxite in the washing plant. The flow of the washing process starts from the water in the pond being pumped to the washing plant, the washing wastes are channeled into the sediment pond, then the recycling process is carried out through closed circulation by being channeled back into the pump pond for use in the washing process. In the rainy season, it needs air assistance from runoff, most of it is channeled to the air bodies or the environment for the reserve capacity of the sediment ponds. Due to the flow of water into the environment, the Tayan Bauxite Mine is required to meet the requirements of the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 34/2009 concerning Quality Standards for Wastewater in Bauxite Mining Activities. Based on these regulations, the Tayan Bauxite Mine is required to meet pH quality standards in the range of 6-9 and a maximum level of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of 200 mg / l. Therefore, before flowing into the pump pond, do flocculant to get TSS levels of air not exceeding the quality standard so that it is diverted to the environment and condition the air to remain clear to support the washing process. To find out the flocculant with the most optimal performance, do a jar test with several types of flocculant to find out the costs for the resulting process. From the experiments, all the effective flocculants and the highest process efficiency obtained from flocculants was 99% for the 5 ppm flocculant concentration test. Then this flocculant is used as an air purifier in water treatment plants to manage bauxite washing wastewater to comply with the standard parameters stated in the existing arrangements. By carrying out runoff management processes at mine openings, pond sediment management, and compliance with regulatory aspects, bauxite mining activities, particularly at the washing stage at the washing plant can be carried out optimally, can support the production process to achieve the targets. Keywords: Run Off, Bauxite Washing, Sediment Pond, Total Suspended Solid, Flocculant

scholarly journals High Cod and Turbidity Removal in The Treatment of Polluted Pond Water Using Low Dosage of Pineapple Leaf Coagulant: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Rafidah Husen ◽  
Juferi Idris ◽  
Nur Diana Wakimin ◽  
Jimmy Mijim ◽  
Lovelyna Eva Sunta ak Michael Luncha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Class Iib ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Dosage

Coagulation process using low dosage of plant-based coagulant to remove high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity is important for water treatment. This study presents the treatment of pond water using plant-based pineapple leaf coagulant to achieve high COD and turbidity removal. The coagulation was performed using a jar test experiment of pond water at different pH followed by different dosages of pineapple leaf coagulant. It was found that the highest COD and turbidity removal ranged between 94.1 – 94.6 % and 88.3 – 88.4 % at pH 8 respectively, using low dosage (50 mg L-1) of pineapple leaf coagulant. The final COD and turbidity values ranged between 7.3 – 8.0 mg L-1 and 17.7 – 17.8 formazin turbidity unit (FTU) respectively, which are lower compared with results from other studies that used high dosage coagulants. Moreover, the final pH, COD, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total suspended solid (TSS) values of the treated pond water were below the standard limits set by the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQSM) class IIB, which represents water bodies suitable for recreational use with body contact (DOE, 2016). Therefore, it is expected that the newly-formulated waste utilisation of pineapple leaf coagulant can reduce the usage of chemical coagulants and can further be used for different types of water.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Penurunan Kadar COD, TSS, dan TDS pada Air Limbah Industri Pangan menggunakan Koagulan Poly Alumunium Chloride dengan metode Jar Test

WARTA AKAB ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zakaria ◽  
Sopian Sauri ◽  
Dian Mira Fadela ◽  
Puspita Sri Ayu Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Industri pangan menghasilkan air limbah berbahan organik dan padatan tersuspensi maupun terlarut yang tinggi. Salah satu proses pengolahan air limbah yaitu dengan proses koagulasi-flokulasi yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan padatan tersuspensi dan zat organik yang dapat menyebabkan kekeruhan serta bau dengan penambahan koagulan. Penambahan koagulan pada instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) tidak dilakukan secara kuantitatif, sehingga perlu dilakukan percobaan dengan metode jar test. Tujuan percobaan untuk mengetahui pH dan dosis optimum serta efisiensi koagulan poly aluminium chloride (PAC) untuk menurunkan kadar chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), dan total dissolved solid (TDS). Hasil uji parameter COD, TSS, dan TDS dibandingkan dengan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Tingkat 1 Jawa Barat (SK Gub TK 1 Jabar) No. 6 Tahun 1999 tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Cair Bagi Kegiatan Industri di Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan diperoleh kondisi optimum koagulan PAC pada pH air limbah 6–7 dengan dosis koagulan optimum pada (80–90) mg/L. Hasil pengujian parameter TS, TDS, TSS, kekeruhan dan COD berturut-turut memberikan nilai efisiensi sebesar (52,6-57,8)%, (53,9-55,5)%, (52,4-58,1)%, (97,8-99,1)%, dan (71,6–77,1)%. Percobaan yang dilakukan membuktikan bahwa koagulan PAC mampu menurunkan kadar pada parameter uji dengan nilai efisiensi yang cukup besar.

scholarly journals Study of Batik Wastewater Treatment Using PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) as Coagulant and Organoclay (Montmorillonite-polydadmac) as Floccullant to Reduce Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Novita Chandra Sari ◽  
Irwan Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Flocculation Time

Batik wastewater treatment using PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride) as a coagulant and organoclay (montmorillonite- polyDADMAC) as flocculants was investigated in this study. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of batik wastewater effluent before and after coagulation-flocculation and analyze the effectiveness of organoclay as flocculants of batik wastewater. Organoclay (montmorillonite-polyDADMAC) synthesised by reacting natural bentonite with polyDADMAC 0.4%. Coagulation and flocculation used jar test method with a speed stirring at 120 rpm for 2 minutes and slow stirring at 40 rpm with a variety of types, masses of flocculants and flocculation time. At first, batik wastewater had high levels of TSS and TDS levels. TSS and TDS levels reduced after coagulation-flocculation. Effectiveness of maximum TSS reduced at 99,74% with the addition of organoclay flocculant 2.5 g/L and flocculation time for 80 minutes. Effectiveness of maximum TDS reduced at 93,57% with the addition of organoclay flocculant 2.5 g/L and 60 minutes flocculation.

scholarly journals Turbidity, COD and Total Suspended Solid Removal: Application of Natural Coagulant Cassava Peel Starch

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Cassava Peel

Considering techno-financial oblige, cassava peel (CP) that is effectively accessible mechanical waste is concentrated to assess its appropriateness to be chosen as coagulant help for the water treatment framework. The process called coagulation and flocculation is the generation of consumable water from most raw water sources generally incorporates. The most well-known coagulant used in water treatment are aluminium salts, ferric salts and synthetic polymers. These coagulants are frequently costly and can hardly afford the costs of imported chemicals. Considering techno-economic constrain, cassava peel (CP) that is effectively accessible industrial waste is concentrated to assess its appropriateness to be chosen as coagulant aid for water treatment system. This aim for characterize cassava peel and to optimize coagulation and flocculation process using alum, CPS and alum : CPS. There are two types of equipment analysis involve to characterization the cassava peel namely scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. SEM-EDX micrograph had shown that the surface of the cassava peel samples was secured with smooth and globular in formed of bound a starch granule. The CP samples contain Fe2O 3 and Al2O 3 were analysis by XRF spectrometry indicated that which might contribute to its coagulation ability. The water samples used was collected at the water intake from Sembrong Dam. The raw water sample was characterized before the process of jar test. Jar test experiment was carried out by using alum, cassava peel starch and cassava peel + alum. The laboratory analysis was carried on turbidity, total suspended solid and COD removal. Recommended conditions (initial pH 9, 70 : 30 % of alum : CPS, and 60 min settling time) allowed Cassava peel and alum removed high turbidity, total suspended solid and chemical oxygen demand up to 90.32%, 89.86% and 18.87%, respectively. The effectiveness of cassava peel as coagulant aid was investigated from floc analysis. Besides that, based on the results with using SEM analysis, the images showed that the combination of alum +CPS was more compact and this can make denser because of the bridging of the particles that easy the floc to settle down. This study proved the use of natural coagulant from cassava peel as an alternative coagulant aid to reduce the usage of chemical coagulants.

Efektivitas Biokoagulan Cangkang Telur Ayam Ras dan Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Balbisiana ABB) dalam Menurunkan Turbiditas, TDS, dan TSS dari Limbah Cair Industri Farmasi

al-Kimiya ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Hesty Nuur Hanifah ◽  
Ginayanti Hadisoebroto ◽  
Turyati Turyati ◽  
Ineu Sintia Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Musa Balbisiana

Koagulasi merupakan tahap awal dalam proses pengolahan limbah cair. Salah satu industri yang berpotensi untuk menimbulkan pencemaran air bila limbah cairnya tidak dikelola dengan baik adalah industri farmasi. Cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok merupakan limbah padat yang belum termanfaatkan, padahal kedua bahan tersebut mengandung zat-zat yang bisa membantu dalam proses koagulasi. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk mengembangkan biokoagulan dari cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok sebagai biokoagulan dalam menurunkan nilai turbiditas, TDS (Total Disolved Solid) dan TSS (Total Suspended Solid) dari limbah cair industri farmasi. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jartest. Sampel air limbah yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini yaitu sampel air limbah industri farmasi dari PT Sinkona Indonesia Lestari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa biokoagulan cangkang telur ayam mempunyai dosis optimum yaitu 50 g/500 mL dan pada pH optimum 8 terjadi penurunan turbiditas sebesar 81,18%, TDS sebesar 24,3% dan TSS sebesar 82,05%. Sedangkan  biokoagulan kulit pisang kepok mempunyai dosis optimum 5 g/500 ml dan pada pH optimum 2 terjadi penurunan  turbiditas sebesar   94,9%, TDS 51,3% dan TSS  83,2%. Dari data tersebut bisa disimpulkan bahwa cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai biokoagulan untuk pengolahan limbah cair dari industri farmasi.

Characteristics of sludge reduction in an integrated pretreatment and aerobic digestion process

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hwang ◽  
H. Jang ◽  
M. Lee ◽  
J. Song ◽  
S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Sludge Reduction ◽  
Aerobic Digestion ◽  
Cake Volume ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
Feasible Alternative

In this study, integrated pretreatments and aerobic digestion processes were investigated in order to provide a feasible alternative that can achieve effective sludge reduction. An ozone treatment in the presence of ionic manganese, a catalyst, increased the sludge reduction ratio three times higher than that of a single ozonation, presumably due to an increase in OH radical production. The ozone treatment yielded the effective sludge reduction ratio with an increasing ozone dosage, and an effective dosage of the catalyst was found to be 4 mg-Mn/g-TS. When a mechanical pretreatment and an ozone/catalyst were applied in a series, the integrated process, even at a half mechanical intensity and a half level of ozone dosage, showed higher and faster sludge reduction than each single process did. In addition, the integrated pretreatment process showed the highest dewaterability of the treated sludges. A ratio of sludge cake generation, which was newly introduced to quantify overall performance of sludge treatment processes, showed that the integrated pretreatment followed by the aerobic digestion yielded approximately a half of the sludge cake volume compared to the single aerobic digestion. Therefore, the integrated pretreatment can be a feasible method for the effective reduction of total suspended solid and the final volume.

Biodegradation Potential of Abattoir Wastewater Microbiota in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
J.D Bala ◽  
F. A Kuta ◽  
N.U Adabara ◽  
O.P Abioye ◽  
H.S Auta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Abattoir Wastewater ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Water used for washing carcasses of slaughtered animals and slaughter house is referred to as abattoir wastewater. This study was designed to investigate the microorganisms associated with abattoir wastewater and to establish the biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater microbiota. Isolation of the microbes was carried out using pour plate technique. The total viable count for the microbes’ ranges from 2.5×104 - 4.6×105 cfu/mL. Results revealed that all the physicochemical parameters exceeded the permissible limits (total dissolved solid (TDS) 1748mg/L, total suspended solid (TSS) 176mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 91 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 227 mg/L). Microorganisms isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Mucor sp, Trichophyton quickeanum and Penicillium sp. Some of the microbes were observed to have biodegradation potential by their ability to grow on mineral salt media (MSM) incorporated with starch, cellulose, crude oil, kerosene and diesel as the sole source of carbon and energy. This study suggests that abattoir wastewater harbors microorganisms that could be hazardous to public health when discharged into the environment untreated hence the need for strict monitoring. These microbes isolated could be employed as agent of bioremediation of wastewaters. Key words: Abattoir; Biodegredation; Isolation; Microbiota; Wastewater

Inovasi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Batik dengan IPAL Ekonomis di Desa Maos Kidul Cilacap

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Theresia Evila Purwanti Sri Rahayu ◽  
Rosita Dwityaningsih ◽  
Murni Handayani ◽  
Khoeruddin Witriansyah ◽  
Ayu Pramita
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Service Project ◽  
Hazardous Metal ◽  
Dark Blue

Wastewater resulted from the batik dying process is known for its environmentally hazardous substances including hazardous natural and synthetic organic matter, suspended particles, and hazardous metal. But in the micro and medium scale batik textile business, wastewater treatment is mostly not carried because it does not give benefit for the owner. Economical wastewater treatment constructions can be an alternative for the business owner for their free operational cost. Batik wastewater treatment ought to be carried out to meet government standards but most importantly to decrease hazardous pollutant’s concentrations so it does not harm the environment. This society service project aims to provide alternatively economical wastewater treatment for batik business owners by applying simples and cheapest yet effective treatment methods to reduce pollutant concentrations in wastewater. Methods applied in this project including sedimentation, filtration, and landfill-bioremediation. The laboratorium analysis result shows that sedimentation and filtration are significantly reduced total suspended solid particles in wastewater from 2450 to 100 mg/L in line with wastewater decoloring from dark blue to clear yellow.

Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Biodegradable Flocculants of Chitosan and Extracted Pandan Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nor Aida Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Flocculation Process

The study investigated the performance of chitosan and extracted pandan leaves towards treatment of textile wastewater by using flocculation process. Pandan leaves were extracted by using solvent extraction method. Flocculation process was conducted using a Jar test experiment. The effect of dosage, pH, and settling time on reduction of COD, turbidity and color of textile wastewater was studied. The results obtained found that chitosan was very effective for reduction of COD, turbidity, color and indicator for color. The best condition for COD and turbidity removal was achieved at 0.2 g dosage, pH 4 and 60 minutes of settling time. Under this condition, about 58 and 99% of COD and turbidity was removed, respectively. However, the results obtained using extracted pandan was opposite compared to the chitosan. Extracted pandan was not able to remove both COD and turbidity of the waste. 

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