scholarly journals Radio signals detection thresholds estimation for energy detection technique.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Potapov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Detection Technique ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
Radio Signals

The estimation method for signal-to-noise ratio threshold values pertinent for low-level signals detection is developed and employed. The method is applicable for original energy detection technique based upon distribution-free statistics computed using spectrum samples provided by measuring equipment. Estimated thresholds are determined by measuring equipment inherent noise fluctuations and can be established in advance for certain hardware settings and sample lengths. For a typical spectrum analyzer model estimated sensitivity threshold varied from +0,6 dB to –11 dB for spectrum samples lengths ranged between 470 and 30 000 spectrums respectively. Experimental data confirmed estimated values and equivalence of sensitivity thresholds for white noise (generated by analog generator) and broadcasted LTE signals (generated by cellular base stations). The suggested energy detection technique is independent of signal's modulation, signal's probability distribution features, and intermittent or sporadic signal's total duration allotment profile within data acquisition period.

Weak Transient Electromagnetic Radiation Signal Detection Method Considering the New Watershed Image Segmentation Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 2054009
Author(s):  
Wenjun Huo ◽  
Peng Chu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Liangting Fu ◽  
Zhigang Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Noise Ratio

In order to study the detection methods of weak transient electromagnetic radiation signals, a detection algorithm integrating generalized cross-correlation and chaotic sequence prediction is proposed in this paper. Based on the dual-antenna test and cross-correlation information estimation method, the detection of aperiodic weak discharge signals under low signal-to-noise ratio is transformed into the estimation of periodic delay parameters, and the noise is reduced at the same time. The feasibility of this method is verified by simulation and experimental analysis. The results show that under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the integrated method can effectively suppress the influence of 10 noise disturbances. It has a high detection probability for weak transient electromagnetic radiation signals, and needs fewer pulse accumulation times, which improves the detection efficiency and is more suitable for long-distance detection of weak electromagnetic radiation sources.

scholarly journals Noise masking method based on an effective ratio mask estimation in Gammatone channels

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Bao ◽  
Waleed H. Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Wiener Filter ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Noise Masking ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Mask Estimation

In computational auditory scene analysis, the accurate estimation of binary mask or ratio mask plays a key role in noise masking. An inaccurate estimation often leads to some artifacts and temporal discontinuity in the synthesized speech. To overcome this problem, we propose a new ratio mask estimation method in terms of Wiener filtering in each Gammatone channel. In the reconstruction of Wiener filter, we utilize the relationship of the speech and noise power spectra in each Gammatone channel to build the objective function for the convex optimization of speech power. To improve the accuracy of estimation, the estimated ratio mask is further modified based on its adjacent time–frequency units, and then smoothed by interpolating with the estimated binary masks. The objective tests including the signal-to-noise ratio improvement, spectral distortion and intelligibility, and subjective listening test demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared with the reference methods.

scholarly journals Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio using Frequency Domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3475-3477
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum Access ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Sensing Applications

An efficient bandwidth allocation and dynamic bandwidth access away from its previous limits is referred as cognitive radio (CR).The limited spectrum with inefficient usage requires the advances of dynamic spectrum access approach, where the secondary users are authorized to utilize the unused temporary licensed spectrum. For this reason it is essential to analyze the absence/presence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrum sensing is the main requirement and developed to sense the absence/ presence of a licensed user. This paper shows the design model of energy detection based spectrum sensing in frequency domain utilizing Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) ,Additive white real Gaussian channel (AWGN), Rayleigh fading channel users for 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) which is utilized for the wide band sensing applications at low Signal to noise Ratio(SNR) level to reduce the false error identification. The spectrum sensing techniques has least computational complexity. Simulink model for the energy detection based spectrum sensing using frequency domain in MATLAB 2014a.

scholarly journals Low Complexity Sparse Beamspace DOA Estimation Via Single Measurement Vectors for Uniform Circular Array

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Weijie Tan ◽  
Zhongliang Deng ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Circular Array ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Signal Model ◽  
Convex Optimization Problem

Abstract In this paper, we present a low complexity beamspace direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for uniform circular array (UCA), which is based on the single measurement vectors (SMVs) via vectorization of sparse covariance matrix. In the proposed method, we rstly transform the signal model of UCA to that of virtual uniform linear array (ULA) in beamspace domain using the beamspace transformation (BT). Subsequently, by applying the vectorization operator on the virtual ULA-like array signal model, a new dimension-reduction array signal model consists of SMVs based on Khatri-Rao (KR) product is derived. And then, the DOA estimation is converted to the convex optimization problem. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the eectiveness of the proposed method, the results show that without knowledge of the signal number, the proposed method not only has higher DOA resolution than subspace-based methods in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but also has much lower computational complexity comparing other sparse-like DOA estimation methods.

scholarly journals Spectrum sensing based on energy of unknown deterministic signals over fading channels

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Tu Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Khoa Le Dang ◽  
Thu Thi Hong Nguyen ◽  
Phuong Huu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Spectrum Hole ◽  
The Impact

In cognitive radio network, how to minimize the impact of secondary user on primary user’s signal plays a very important and complex role. Therefore, spectrum sensing is one of the most essential components of cognitive radio. Therefore, the effect of spectrum sensing algorithms plays a key role to the system’s performance. In this paper, we concentrate on spectrum sensing algorithms in order to find out spectrum hole or while hole for reusing it. Specifically, we will highlight the energy detector algorithm of unknown deterministic signals over fading channels. The numerical results match well with theoretical analysis. The system’s performance of energy detection in AWGN channel is acceptable in case of relatively low signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, the performance of system will be degraded remarkable over fading environments.

SAMPLE CLOCK OFFSET COMPENSATION IN THE FIFTH-GENERATION NEW RADIO UPLINK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.Г. ПОНОМАРЕВ ◽  
М. АСАФ
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Shared Channel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Offset Compensation ◽  
Clock Offset

Рассмотрена проблема коррекции искажений OFDM-сигнала, вызванных смещением частоты дискретизации сигнала в приемном и передающем устройствах системы сотовой связи пятого поколения. Предлагаемый метод компенсации смещения частоты дискретизации основывается на прямой коррекции искажений, вносимых в передаваемый сигнал наличием смещения, и не предполагает какой-либо оценки величины смещения. Метод предназначен для коррекции сигналов в восходящем канале системы сотовой связи пятого поколения и основывается на использовании референсных сигналов, рекомендованных стандартами 3GPP. Результаты численного моделирования показали, что использование предлагаемого метода позволяет повысить эффективность передачи данных по многолучевому радиоканалу более чем на 15% в широком диапазоне значений отношения сигнал/шум. 5G-NR, CP-OFDM, synchronization, sample clock offset, PUSCH. О The paper investigates the issue of sampling clock offset ( SCO) in the fifth generation new radio systems. Due to the imperfect SCO estimation methods, the correction methods relying on the SCO estimation are not perfect, so the proposed method directly corrects the effect of SCO without using any kind of estimation method. Our method is designed to correct the signals in the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The method uses reference signals as recommended by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standards. The results of the numerical simulation show that the use of the proposed method increases the efficiency of data transmission over the multipath radio channel by more than 15% in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio values.

scholarly journals Deep learning–based fifth-generation millimeter-wave communication channel tracking for unmanned aerial vehicle Internet of things networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 155014771986588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Meng ◽  
Xin Dai ◽  
Bicheng Xiao ◽  
Yimin Zhou ◽  
Yumei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Attitude Estimation ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Channel Tracking ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Using unmanned aerial vehicle as movable base stations is a promising approach to enhance network coverage. Moreover, movable unmanned aerial vehicle–base stations can dynamically move to the target devices to expand the communication range as relays in the scenario of the Internet of things. In this article, we consider a communication system with movable unmanned aerial vehicle–base stations in millimeter-Wave. The movable unmanned aerial vehicle–base stations are equipped with antennas and multiple sensors for channel tracking. The cylindrical array antenna is mounted on the movable unmanned aerial vehicle–movable base stations, making the beam omnidirectional. Furthermore, the attitude estimation method using the deep neural network can replace the traditional attitude estimation method. The estimated unmanned aerial vehicle attitude information is combined with beamforming technology to realize a reliable communication link. Simulation experiments have been performed, and the results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Degrees-Of-Freedom in Multi-Cloud Based Sectored Cellular Networks

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Samet Gelincik ◽  
Ghaya Rekaya-Ben Othman
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Cut Set ◽  
Base Band ◽  
Multi Cloud

This paper investigates the achievable per-user degrees-of-freedom (DoF) in multi-cloud based sectored hexagonal cellular networks (M-CRAN) at uplink. The network consists of N base stations (BS) and K ≤ N base band unit pools (BBUP), which function as independent cloud centers. The communication between BSs and BBUPs occurs by means of finite-capacity fronthaul links of capacities C F = μ F · 1 2 log ( 1 + P ) with P denoting transmit power. In the system model, BBUPs have limited processing capacity C BBU = μ BBU · 1 2 log ( 1 + P ) . We propose two different achievability schemes based on dividing the network into non-interfering parallelogram and hexagonal clusters, respectively. The minimum number of users in a cluster is determined by the ratio of BBUPs to BSs, r = K / N . Both of the parallelogram and hexagonal schemes are based on practically implementable beamforming and adapt the way of forming clusters to the sectorization of the cells. Proposed coding schemes improve the sum-rate over naive approaches that ignore cell sectorization, both at finite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and in the high-SNR limit. We derive a lower bound on per-user DoF which is a function of μ BBU , μ F , and r. We show that cut-set bound are attained for several cases, the achievability gap between lower and cut-set bounds decreases with the inverse of BBUP-BS ratio 1 r for μ F ≤ 2 M irrespective of μ BBU , and that per-user DoF achieved through hexagonal clustering can not exceed the per-user DoF of parallelogram clustering for any value of μ BBU and r as long as μ F ≤ 2 M . Since the achievability gap decreases with inverse of the BBUP-BS ratio for small and moderate fronthaul capacities, the cut-set bound is almost achieved even for small cluster sizes for this range of fronthaul capacities. For higher fronthaul capacities, the achievability gap is not always tight but decreases with processing capacity. However, the cut-set bound, e.g., at 5 M 6 , can be achieved with a moderate clustering size.

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