scholarly journals Genetic diversity in wild species and cultivars of strawberry for the FanAAMT gene controlling fruit flavor volatiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
A. S. Lyzhin ◽  
I. V. Luk’yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Methyl Anthranilate ◽  
Dominant Marker ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Wild Strawberry ◽  
Fruit Flavor ◽  
Selection Of

Background. An important consumer trait of strawberry fruits is their aroma. Methyl anthranilate makes a considerable contribution to the fruit flavor. The methyl anthranilate content in strawberry fruits is controlled by the FanAAMT (аnthranilic acid methyltransferase) gene. Identification of genetic determinants for this trait facilitates targeted selection of promising forms based on diagnostic DNA markers. The purpose of this study was to study the allelic diversity of the FanAAMT fruit flavor gene in wild strawberry species and strawberry cultivars for identification of promising genotypes.Materials and methods. The objects of this study were wild species of Fragaria L. as well as F. × anaschata Kantor. and F. × ananassa Duch. cultivars of different ecogeographic origin. The FanAAMT gene was identified with the dominant marker FanAAMT.Results and conclusion. In the analyzed collection of strawberry genotypes, the FanAAMT gene was identified in 36.4% of the forms, including the wild species F. vesca L., F. moschata Duch. and F. virginiana subsp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt, and cv. ‘Kupchikha’ (F. × anaschata). Among the analyzed F. × ananassa cultivars, the FanAAMT gene was found in 31.6% of the tested forms, specifically in 27.3% of the 22 Russian cultivars, and 37.5% of the analyzed foreign ones. Promising sources of high methyl anthranilate content in fruits were identified: wild spp. F. moschata, F. vesca, and F. virginiana subsp. platypetala; cv. ‘Kupchikha’ (F. × anaschata); Russian garden strawberry cvs. ‘Bylinnaya’, ‘Zenit’, ‘Lastochka’, ‘Neznakomka’, ‘Feyerverk’ and ‘Tsarskoselskaya’; and foreign garden strawberry cvs. ‘Karmen’, ‘Ostara’, ‘Samson’, ‘Symphony’, ‘Troubadour’ and ‘Vima Tarda’, in which the functional allele of the FanAAMT gene was found. In the remaining studied strawberry genotypes the marker FanAAMT was not detected, which presumably indicates that the FanAAMT gene is absent. cells (R9.4.1).

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds.

scholarly journals Alterations in DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV in Resistant Mutants of Clostridium perfringens Found after In Vitro Treatment with Fluoroquinolones

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rafii ◽  
Miseon Park ◽  
John S. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
In Vitro Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT To compare mutations in the DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parC and parE) genes of Clostridium perfringens, which are associated with in vitro exposure to fluoroquinolones, resistant mutants were selected from eight strains by serial passage in the presence of increasing concentrations of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, or trovafloxacin. The nucleotide sequences of the entire gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes of 42 mutants were determined. DNA gyrase was the primary target for each fluoroquinolone, and topoisomerase IV was the secondary target. Most mutations appeared in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA (resulting in changes of Asp-87 to Tyr or Gly-81 to Cys) and parC (resulting in changes of Asp-93 or Asp-88 to Tyr or Ser-89 to Ile); only two mutations were found in gyrB, and only two mutations were found in parE. More mutants with multiple gyrA and parC mutations were produced with gatifloxacin than with the other fluoroquinolones tested. Allelic diversity was observed among the resistant mutants, for which the drug MICs increased 2- to 256-fold. Both the structures of the drugs and their concentrations influenced the selection of mutants.

Structure, allelic diversity and selection of Asr genes, candidate for drought tolerance, in Oryza sativa L. and wild relatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Philippe ◽  
Brigitte Courtois ◽  
Kenneth L. McNally ◽  
Pierre Mournet ◽  
Redouane El-Malki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Asr Genes ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Assessment of the adaptive potential of strawberry genotypes based on the development of endophytic microbiota and identified R-genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
IV Luk’yanchuk ◽  
K V Zaitseva ◽  
A S Lyzhin
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Wild Strawberry ◽  
Red Stele

Abstract The paper presents the results of a study of the strawberry genotypes (Fragaria L.) by characteristics of endophytic microbiota and genetic determinants of resistance to fungal pathogens. Highly adaptive genotypes were identified: F. virginiana Duch. ssp. platypetala, F. orientalis Los., F. ovalis Rydb., F. moschata Duch., 298-19-9-43, Urozhaynaya CGL, Flora, Privlekatelnaya and Troitskaya. These strawberry forms are characterized by a high frequency of testing of bacterial microbiota, which suppresses endophytic fungal pathogens. The wild strawberry F. virginiana Duch. ssp. platypetala is characterized by red stele root rot resistance (Rpf1 gene). Strawberry varieties Borovitskaya and Elianny are characterized by anthracnose resistance (Rca2gene).

scholarly journals Current Approaches for Predicting a Lack of Response to Anti-EGFR Therapy inKRASWild-Type Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tze-Kiong Er ◽  
Chih-Chieh Chen ◽  
Luis Bujanda ◽  
Marta Herreros-Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Secondary Resistance ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been one of the most effective colorectal cancer strategies. Anti-EGFR antibodies function by binding to the extracellular domain of EGFR, preventing its activation, and ultimately providing clinical benefit.KRASmutations in codons 12 and 13 are recognized prognostic and predictive biomarkers that should be analyzed at the clinic prior to the administration of anti-EGFR therapy. However, still an important fraction ofKRASwild-type patients do not respond to the treatment. The identification of additional genetic determinants of primary or secondary resistance to EGFR targeted therapy for further improving the selection of patients is urgent. Herein, we review the latest published literature highlighting the most important genes that may predict resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in colorectal cancer patients. According to the available findings, the evaluation ofBRAF,NRAS,PIK3CA, andPTENstatus could be the right strategy to select patients who are likely to respond to anti-EGFR therapies. In the future, the combination of those biomarkers will help establish consensus that can be introduced into clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Central Role of PDR1 in the Foundation of Yeast Drug Resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 282 (7) ◽  
pp. 5063-5074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivienne Fardeau ◽  
Gaëlle Lelandais ◽  
Andrew Oldfield ◽  
Hélène Salin ◽  
Sophie Lemoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Dna Binding Properties ◽  
Early Drug ◽  
Selection Of

The widespread pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) phenomenon is well described as the long term selection of genetic variants expressing constitutively high levels of membrane transporters involved in drug efflux. However, the transcriptional cascades leading to the PDR phenotype in wild-type cells are largely unknown, and the first steps of this phenomenon are poorly understood. We investigated the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the establishment of an efficient PDR response in budding yeast. We show that within a few minutes of drug sensing yeast elicits an effective PDR response, involving tens of PDR genes. This early PDR response (ePDR) is highly dependent on the Pdr1p transcription factor, which is also one of the major genetic determinants of long term PDR acquisition. The activity of Pdr1p in early drug response is not drug-specific, as two chemically unrelated drugs, benomyl and fluphenazine, elicit identical, Pdr1p-dependent, ePDR patterns. Our data also demonstrate that Pdr1p is an original stress response factor, the DNA binding properties of which do not depend on the presence of drugs. Thus, Pdr1p is a promoter-resident regulator involved in both basal expression and rapid drug-dependent induction of PDR genes.

scholarly journals Selection of Antibiotic‐Resistant Bacterial Mutants: Allelic Diversity among Fluoroquinolone‐Resistant Mutations

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Zhou ◽  
Yuzhi Dong ◽  
Xilin Zhao ◽  
Sungwoo Lee ◽  
Amol Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Mutants ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in Sawmills of Eastern France by Microsatellite Genotyping

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Audrey Jeanvoine ◽  
Chloé Godeau ◽  
Audrey Laboissière ◽  
Gabriel Reboux ◽  
Laurence Millon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Microsatellite Genotyping ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Distance Cutoff ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Short Tandem

Background: Wood chipping has been described as a potential hotspot for the selection of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAf). We previously reported ARAf isolates in sawmills (Eastern France), most of which contained the TR34/L98H mutation. Methods: To study genotypic relatedness, microsatellite genotyping (short tandem repeat for A. fumigatus (STRAf)) was performed on 41 azole-susceptible A. fumigatus (ASAf) and 23 ARAf isolated from 18 sawmills and two clinical A. fumigatus (sensitive and resistant) isolated from a sinus sample of a woodworker. Results: Fifty-four unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were described among the 66 isolates: 13/24 ARAf and 41/42 ASAf. Allelic diversity was higher for ASAf than for ARAf. Among the 24 ARAf, five isolates had their own MLGs. Thirteen ARAf (54%) belonged to the same group, composed of four close MLGs, defined using Bruvo’s distance. Thirty-two of the 42 ASAf (76%) had their own MLGs and could not be grouped with the Bruvo’s distance cutoff used (0.2). Conclusion: Thus, at a regional scale and in the particular environment of the wood industry, common but also different distinct genotypes, even in the same sawmill, were identified. This suggests that the hypothesis of ARAf clonal expansion from a common strain is probably insufficient to explain genotype emergence and distribution.

scholarly journals Lianas collection from the Botanical Garden and its science-practice utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00025
Author(s):  
Ludmila Dorofeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Science Practice ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Selection Of

Collection of many years’ lianas gathered in Botanical Garden, placed in south-taiga boreal area of Middle Ural. The collection bank of voluble plants is exposed of 12 genus and 17 families growing wild species of lianas originating from various areas of the Earth temperate zone and contains of more than 200 taxons. The most imposing among them is collection of genus Clematis L., which contains species of natural flora and sorts of Clematis from Russian and World selection of more than 200 taxons. Taxons are listed and analyzed by biomorphic and geographic criteria. Many years observing of collected specimens allowed getting important data about influence of climatological changes on winter hardness and procreational functions Aristolochia manschuriensis, A. macrophylla.

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