Efficiency of the use of sexed semen in the dairy cattle reproduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Murat B. Kalmagambetov ◽  
◽  
Abzal A. Spanov ◽  
Aleidar S. Alentayev ◽  
Dastanbek A. Baimukanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Cattle Reproduction

scholarly journals Dairy cattle reproduction is a tightly regulated genetic process: Highlights on genes, pathways, and biological processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Valour ◽  
P. Michot ◽  
C. Eozenou ◽  
R. Lefebvre ◽  
A. Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Genetic Process ◽  
Cattle Reproduction

scholarly journals Economic mechanism of the region breeding service activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Konstantin Titorenko ◽  
Kirill Zhichkin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Cattle Reproduction ◽  
Donor Cows

The article examines the concept and elements of the economic mechanism of breeding in the region. The main goal of this work is to determine the features of the economic mechanism of the breeding service in the region for its further optimization. At the same time, the following tasks are being solved: - to reveal the features of the economic mechanism of the breeding service of the region; - to determine the main factors influencing the activities of the breeding service in the region; - to analyze the effectiveness of state support for the breeding service of the region. We note that the technologies of cattle reproduction using the method of artificial insemination with sexed semen and the method of embryo transfer in agricultural enterprises in practice have proven their economic efficiency and high profitability indicators. But to obtain the described results, the source material (sexed seed and embryo), as well as the qualities of the donor and recipient, as well as systematic work in the industry of dairy and beef cattle breeding in the Samara region, are extremely important. Raised cows with high genetic potential, obtained from artificial insemination with sexed semen and embryo transplantation, can then be used as donor cows to obtain embryos and their further transplantation in other agricultural enterprises.

scholarly journals Exploring the Opinions of Irish Dairy Farmers Regarding Male Dairy Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Maher ◽  
AnneMarie Clarke ◽  
Andrew W. Byrne ◽  
Rob Doyle ◽  
Martin Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Farm Types

Background: There has been very little previous research in Ireland on the farmers' opinions regarding calf welfare issues. Calf welfare, particularly for male dairy calves, has assumed greater importance in Ireland in recent years due, in part, to an increase in the number of dairy cattle over the past decade. The objective of this study was to explore dairy farmers' views on a broad range of issues related to the expansion in the dairy herd.Methods: A survey was developed to capture the views of farmers regarding male dairy calves. The majority of questions were quantitative, and a final open-ended question collected qualitative data. The survey was distributed to ~2,900 dairy farmers via text message and 881 responses were received.Results: The sample was composed almost entirely of dairy farmers, although ~20% also had a beef enterprise on their farm. Fifty eight percent of the farmers were concerned with the increase in the number of male dairy calves in recent years. The EU's abolition of milk quotas, the profitability of dairy farming compared to other farm types, and guidance from farm advisors were the three highest ranked drivers behind the increase in the number of male dairy calves. The three highest ranked options for managing the number of male dairy calves were to increase exports, encourage greater use of sexed semen, and improve the beef merit of these calves. Eighty five percent of respondents stated that individual farmers had responsibility for making changes to the number of male dairy calves. The main themes arising from analysis of the responses to the open-ended question, seeking any additional comments, were breed, beef price, live exports, and sexed semen.Conclusions: Dairy farmers recognized the responsibility they have for making changes in respect of male dairy calves, and many demonstrated a willingness to make changes in this regard. The important role of other stakeholders, particularly suckler (system where reared from calf to beef) farmers, in rearing male dairy calves for beef production was also recognized. However, the issues of who bears the risks and costs associated with greater integration will have to be carefully considered.

scholarly journals Use of Sexed Semen in Indian Dairy Cattle: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Jethva ◽  
S.B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Sorting Efficiency ◽  
Calf Rearing

This study was undertaken at the calf rearing project (CRP) of AMUL at Sarsa Village, Anand, Gujarat to assess the conception rate and sorting efficiency of imported sexed semen of HF bulls. In all, 127 pubertal crossbred heifers (b.wt. 250-300 kg) were artificially inseminated during the year 2016-17 using 172 sexed semen doses (few with repeat insemination), resulting in 68 pregnancies. The conception rate of sexed semen was found to be 39.53%. Out of 68 pregnant heifers, 2 heifers aborted and one heifer died before calving. Out of rest 65 animals that calved, 54 heifers delivered female calves, 9 had male calves and two were female stillbirth. Thus, sexed semen produced 86.15% female calves and 13.85 % male calves. This small scale study highlights the success of sexed semen under field condition in producing calves of the desired sex in high percentage.

scholarly journals To What Extent Does Photoperiod Affect Cattle Reproduction? Clinical Perspectives of Melatonin Administration – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-809
Author(s):  
Fabio De Rensis ◽  
Giorgio Morini ◽  
Irina Garcia-Ispierto ◽  
Fernando López-Gatius
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Cattle Reproduction ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractThe seasonality of reproduction in most mammals is dictated by photoperiod, temperature and nutrition. Melatonin, mainly synthesized in the pineal gland, is generally accepted as the active mediator of photoperiod responses including reproduction. While non-pregnant heifers and cows show continuous sexual activity and are therefore not seasonal breeders, it has been suggested that photo-periodicity may influence the appearance of puberty in heifers and the onset of parturition. Further, the light/dark ratio may influence endocrine patterns of gestation and a shorter light period correlates with the incidence of twin pregnancies. This review considers specific aspects of the effects of photoperiod and melatonin on reproduction in dairy cattle and discusses the clinical applications of melatonin.

50 Sex ratio at birth in dairy cattle is affected by the invitro embryo production process

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
H. W. Vivanco-Mackie ◽  
R. Díaz ◽  
M. D. Ponce-Salazar ◽  
E. Alayo ◽  
G. Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
The Media ◽  
Predominantly Female

Data from a herd of 3,000 high-producing milking dairy cows under an intensive feeding system was analysed. The IVF laboratory at the farm uses a co-culture system (Vivanco-Mackie; page 30-48 in Proc. 2000 Australian Embryo Transfer Society) and transfers ∼1000 embryos per year. The semen used for IVF and for inseminations (AI) in the herd was female-sexed (F-sexed) and non-sexed (conventional). During the 4 years of evaluation (2016–2019) 1123 calves were born to AI with F-sexed semen and 6,456 to AI with conventional semen; the proportion of males born to AI with F-sexed semen was 9% (91% females), which was not different (P>0.05) from the expected ratio of 10% males and 90% females. The proportion of male calves born to AI with conventional semen was 53.2% (46.8% females), which agrees with the expected ratios for the population. During the same period of evaluation, 805 calves were born to IVF embryos transferred; 240 calves were born from embryos produced using F-sexed semen, of which 29.6% were males and 70.4% females, which was different (P<0.05) from the expected ratio of 10% males and 90% females. The proportion of male calves born from embryo transfer of IVF embryos produced with conventional semen was 82.7%, higher (P<0.05) than the expected 53.2% of males for the population; the proportion of females was 17.3%, significantly lower (P<0.05) than the expected 46.8% females for the population. For IVF, the proportion of males was significantly higher (P<0.05) than expected in all cases; for AI, there was no difference (P>0.05) between the observed sex proportion and the expected values. We conclude that the invitro embryo production process affects the sex ratio at birth in this population, and some factor in the IVF process is affecting the survival to calving of female embryos and consequently increasing the proportion of male calves born from invitro-produced embryos. Gutierrez et al. (2001 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 13, 361–365) found a similar effect in dairy cattle and linked it to glucose imbalance in the media. Larson et al. (2001 PNAS 98, 9677-9682) found that female cattle embryos had a lower ability to progress in development in glucose-rich media, but the mechanism is not yet fully understood. Xu et al. (1992Mol. Reprod. Dev. 31, 249-252) and others indicate that invitro-produced male bovine embryos predominate among blastocysts, expanded and hatched stages. Meanwhile, embryos lagging in development are predominantly female. Kun Tan et al. (2016 Reproduction 151, 443-543) found that IVF in mice favours the birth of males because of dysregulated expression of representative dimorphic genes. Further studies in cattle are necessary to determine the cause of the increased proportion of males born from invitro embryos and to find ways to control it.

155 Fertility of sexed semen in Holstein heifers and cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
M. Takayama ◽  
T. Nishisouzu ◽  
H. López ◽  
O. Dochi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Parity Number ◽  
Chi Square Test

Compared with conventional semen, use of sexed semen decreases the conception rate (CR); therefore, it is important to address the factors that lead to sperm damage. Recently, a novel sexed semen technology was developed for improving dairy cattle fertility (Betthauser et al. 2016 J. Dairy Sci. 99 (E-Suppl. 1), 534). However, there are few reports about the fertility of this novel sexed semen in dairy cattle in Japan. The objective of this study was to compare the CR of traditional sorting semen (S1: flow cytometry/cell sorting) and the novel sexed semen (S2: SexcelTM, ABS Global Inc.) in Holstein heifers and cows in Japan. The CR for the first insemination was obtained from 391 Holstein cows and 148 heifers (10.7-17.8 months old) from 14 dairy farms in Hokkaido from June 2017 to April 2019. Semen used for AI was collected from six bulls and packaged into 0.25-mL straws and frozen. Cows inseminated with conventional frozen semen (S3: unsexed semen in 0.5-mL straws) were used as controls. Calving data were collected from 123 cows and 69 heifers that had calved between January 2018 and May 2019. The diagnosis of pregnancy was confirmed using ultrasonography between 30 and 45 days after insemination. The CR and sex ratio were analysed using chi-square test. The average parity number was 1.9±1.1, and average days open was 84.9±20.4 days. The average interval between calving and the first service was 86.2±20.3 days. The average milk yield (at 305 days) was 12 195±1595 kg. All of the animals were inseminated after the onset of standing heat or removal of the tail chalk of natural heats and oestrus and ovulation synchronisation programmes on the farm. Conception rates of heifers of the first service of S1 (n=54) and S2 (n=94) were 68.5 and 70.2%, respectively. Conception rates of cows of the first service of S1 (n=32), S2 (n=173), and S3 (n=186) were 56.3, 57.8, and 53.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences in CR between these groups (P>0.4). The proportion of female calves produced using S1 (n=61) and S2 (n=57) was 91.8 and 93.0%, respectively, which was significantly more (P<0.01) compared with the 50.0% produced using S3 (n=74). There were no significant differences between S1 and S2 (P>0.8) in terms of the proportion of calves produced. The results of this study demonstrated that the traditional sorting and novel sexed semen (S1 and S2, respectively) did not differ in terms of the first-service CR and produced considerably more female calves than when the conventional semen (S3) was used. Furthermore, these findings indicate that the use of this novel sexed semen could achieve a sex ratio close to 90% female offspring.

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