SOD1 Gene Silencing Promotes Apoptosis and Suppresses Proliferation of Heat-Stressed Bovine Granulosa Cells via Induction of Oxidative Stress

Heat stress (HS) compromises dairy cattle reproduction by altering the follicular dynamics, oocyte maturation, and normal physiological function of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), eventually resulting in oxidative damage and cell apoptosis. To protect the cells from oxidative damage, the Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) degraded the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxygen (O2) and water. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of SOD1 silencing on intracellular ROS accumulation, cell viability, MMP, hormone synthesis (P4, E2), cell proliferation, and apoptosis in GCs under HS. The mechanistic role of SOD1 regulation in the heat-stressed GCs was explored. SOD1 gene was successfully silenced in GCs and confirmed at both transcriptional and translational levels. We found that silencing of SOD1 using siRNA under HS aggravated intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), altered transition of the cell cycle, and impaired synthesis of progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) in GCs. The associative apoptotic, steroidogenic, and cell cycle genes (BAX, Caspase-3, STAR, Cyp11A1, HSP70, PCNA, and CyclinB1) were used to confirm the results. These results identify a novel role of SOD1 in the modulation of bovine ovarian GC apoptosis, which provides a target for improving the fertility of heat-stressed dairy cows in summer.

PSVII-29 Genetic analysis of frame score and performance traits in Nellore cattle – reproduction and productivity traits

Frame score systems developed for Bos taurus breeds do not translate well for Bos indicus breeds, as these tend to be taller. We evaluated a novel frame score system for Nellore cattle raised on pasture [Guimaraes et al., 2020 J, Anim. Sci. 98 (Suppl. 4)]. Traits included adjusted scrotal circumference (cm) at 365 (SC365) and 450 (SC450) days of age, age at first calving (AFC, d), early heifer pregnancy (EHP, % calving as two-year-olds), stayability (STAY, % of cows remaining in the herd over 76 months of age, calving at least three times), and accumulated productivity (AP, kg of calf weaned per cow per year). In this study, we applied the previously developed equations (that also include hip height (HH, cm) and age to 12,049 records from the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP) database:FSmales= -20.35 + 0.1305*REA + 0.2633*BF - 0.5901*RF + 0.1139*HH + 0.0056*AGEFSfemales = -11.87 + 0.1316*REA - 0.2457*BF - 0.6218*RF + 0.1139*HH + 0.0009507*AGEThe (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using a linear animal model or a threshold animal model depending on the trait. The heritability estimate for frame score was moderate (0.30). Estimated genetic correlations for reproductive traits were low to moderate (SC365, 0.06; SC450, 0.04; AFC, 0.18; EHP, -0.24; STAY, 0.06; AP, 0.25). The estimates support the notion that larger frame animals are later maturing but have greater lifetime productivity. The new frame score may be a useful tool for genetic selection of animals that are best suited to their environment.

Evaluasi Status Reproduksi Sapi Hasil Persilangan Peranakan Ongole dengan Bali

ABSTRACT. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui status reproduksi hasil persilangan sapi peranakan ongole (PO) dan sapi bali (yang selanjutnya dinamakan sapi POBA) jantan dan betina melalui beberapa kegiatan lapang. Penelitian ini bersifat non eksperimental yang dilakukan secara eksploratif; menggunakan 20 ekor sapi berumur antara 32 sampai 36 bulan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kualitas semen, kondisi organ reproduksi sapi betina dan angka kebuntingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kualitas semen sapi POBA rendah atau jelek berdasarkan hasil analisis secara mikroskopis maupun makroskopis; namun memiliki libido yang cukup tinggi yaitu rata-rata sekitar 4 menit 25 detik dari mulai mengendus atau didekatkan dengan ternak pemancing (teaser) sampai ejakulasi. Secara umum kondisi organ reproduksi sapi POBA betina normal, sehingga siap dijadikan indukan yang produktif. Sebanyak 66,67% menunjukkan perilaku estrus yang tampak terutama keluar lendir yang terlihat jelas menggantung di bibir vagina bahkan diantaranya mengejar dan/atau menaiki sapi-sapi lain. Namun hasil pemeriksaan kebuntingan (PKB) melalui palpasi rektal menunjukkan tidak ada sapi betina yang bunting. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sapi POBA jantan infertil, yang diindikasikan melalui hasil pemeriksaan semen dan tidak adanya sapi betina yang berhasil bunting melalui perkawinan alam selama 3 (tiga) bulan. Sedangkan sapi betina POBA memiliki organ reproduksi normal serta menunjukkan ekspresi estrus yang baik. (The evaluation of cattle reproduction status between crosses Ongole Crossbreed with Bali cows) ABSTRAK. The purpose of this research was to determine the reproductive status of the crossbred PO and Bali cattle (hereinafter referred to as POBA cattle) through several field activities. This research is non-experimental and carried out exploratory using 20 cattle aged 32 to 36 months. Parameters observed included semen quality, cows' reproductive organ condition, and pregnancy rate. The quality of POBA bulls semen was low or bad as indicated by the results of microscopic and macroscopic analysis; but had pretty high libido, which was an average of about 4 minutes and 25 seconds, starting to sniff or being brought near to teaser until ejaculation. In general, the reproductive organs of POBA cows were normal so that they were ready to become productive sires. As many as 66.67% showed estrus behavior, especially visible mucus that was hanging on the lips of the vagina, even among them chasing and/or riding other cattle. However, the results of pregnancy examination through rectal palpation showed that there were no pregnant cows. It can be concluded that POBA bulls are infertile, which was indicated by the results of semen examination and the absence of successfully conceived cows through natural mating for 3 (three) months. Meanwhile, POBA cows have normal reproductive organs and show good estrus expression.

The The Effect of Age and Breed on The Quality of Bull Semen in The Regional Artificial Insemination Centre

The success of beef cattle reproduction development in Indonesia very much depends on the quality of the semen produced by the Indonesian Institute for Artificial Insemination. Good quality bull will benefit farmers, frozen semen producers, and the country in large. This study aimed to determine effect of age and breed on the libido and quality of bull semen collected in the Regional Artificial Insemination Center (RAIC). This study used PO, Simmental, and Brahman Bull in RAIC Yogyakarta, with a total amount of 15, aged 4-7 years old. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina, semen evaluation used a spectrophotometer, and eosin-nigrosin staining method used for sperm viability and abnormalities examination. The result of this study indicated that bull breed did not affect the libido value and the semen quality of bulls (P>0,05). Volume, concentration, motility, and viability in various age groups did not show significant differences (P>0,05), but age groups had a significant effect on sperm abnormalities (P<0,05). The group of bulls aged 5-6 years showed the best quality compared to other groups, with the volume 4,58 ± 1,37 ml, concentration 1,91 ± 0,36 x109/ml, motility 3,80 ± 1,30, viability 89.83 ± 10.69%, and sperm abnormalities 2.51 ± 0.81%. It can be concluded that breed did not affect the bull libido and semen quality, while age had an effect on bull sperm abnormalities.

Correlation of Body Condition Score (SKT) to Limousin Cattle Reproduction Status in Purwantoro District, Wonogiri Regency

This study aims to determine the correlation between the Body Condition Score (SKT) on the reproductive status of limousine cattle in Purwantoro District, Wonogiri Regency. The research was conducted in 6 villages, namely Sumber Galih Village, Gondang Village, Joho Village, Kenteng Village, Purwantoro Village and Miricinde Village in Purwantoro District, Wonogiri Regency. ateri in the study were female limousine cows aged 2-4 years (productive age). Methods of data collection were carried out by conducting observations, direct interviews with breeders, and recording reproduction data from predetermined samples. Observations were made to assess the Body Condition Score (SKT). Interviews and reproduction data recording were carried out to assess reproduction views which included Service Per Conseption (S / C), Conception Rate (CR) scores or conception rates. The data analysis technique used is the t-test difference test (SPSS). The results showed that limousine cows with high HCS had low S / C values and high CR values, while limousine cows with low HCS had high S / C values and low CR values, so there was a correlation between HCS and reproductive status, namely the higher SKT gets better reproductive status and vice versa.Keywords: Conception rate, Limousine cow, Service per conseption, Body condition score

Economic mechanism of the region breeding service activity

The article examines the concept and elements of the economic mechanism of breeding in the region. The main goal of this work is to determine the features of the economic mechanism of the breeding service in the region for its further optimization. At the same time, the following tasks are being solved: - to reveal the features of the economic mechanism of the breeding service of the region; - to determine the main factors influencing the activities of the breeding service in the region; - to analyze the effectiveness of state support for the breeding service of the region. We note that the technologies of cattle reproduction using the method of artificial insemination with sexed semen and the method of embryo transfer in agricultural enterprises in practice have proven their economic efficiency and high profitability indicators. But to obtain the described results, the source material (sexed seed and embryo), as well as the qualities of the donor and recipient, as well as systematic work in the industry of dairy and beef cattle breeding in the Samara region, are extremely important. Raised cows with high genetic potential, obtained from artificial insemination with sexed semen and embryo transplantation, can then be used as donor cows to obtain embryos and their further transplantation in other agricultural enterprises.

HoBi-Like Pestivirus and Reproductive Disorders

HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) is an emerging group of pestiviruses that has been detected in cattle and other ruminants in South America, Europe, and Asia. Analogous to other bovine pestiviruses, namely bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) 1 and 2, HoBiPeV is able to cause a variety of clinical forms that range from asymptomatic infections to fatal disease, having a great impact on cattle productions and causing substantial economic losses, mainly as a consequence of the occurrence of reproductive failures. The manuscript aims to provide an updated review of the currently available literature about the impact of HoBiPeV infection on cattle reproduction. The reproductive disorders observed in cattle due to natural and experimental infections caused by this virus are reported along with the few available in-vitro studies involving the reproductive tract. HoBiPeV should be considered among the bovine pathogens that impact on reproduction, but there is a need for more specific and sensitive diagnostic methods, while the cross-protection elicited by commercially available BVDV vaccines should be better investigated.