Effect of Binder Concentration and Dye Loading Time on Titania based Photoanode in DSSC Application

Colourless polystyrene-leucomalachite green (PS-LMG) thick films containing a suitable chloroalkane were prepared by a fast and facile casting method, and were investigated for their radio chromic response behavior under the influence of 1.25 MeV γ-radiation. Their gamma response was studied in the 0.05 kGy to 10 kGy range to evaluate their suitability for potential use as the dosimeter in the radiation processing industries. The films were found to undergo a visibly distinct green coloration in the studied range, with the colour intensity increasing with an increase in the total dose. The radiochromic response of these films when investigated as a function of film thickness showed that the colour development as well as the linearity of the response was markedly affected by the thickness of the films. The effect of dye loading and the chloroalkane concentration on the radiochromic response of these films were also investigated. Depending upon the film thickness and reactant concentrations, the films were found to be capable of visually detecting gamma radiation doses as low as few tens of grays.

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Influence of process variables on release properties of paracetamol tablets

Acta Pharmaceutica ◽

10.2478/v10007-007-0006-8 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 73-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gbenga Alebiowu ◽

Oludele Itiola

Keyword(s):

Interaction Effects ◽

Process Variables ◽

Factorial Experimental Design ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Individual Effects ◽

Pregelatinized Starch ◽

Tablet Formulations ◽

Binder Concentration ◽

The Individual ◽

Paracetamol Tablet

Influence of process variables on release properties of paracetamol tablets A 23 factorial experimental design has been used to quantitatively study individual and interaction effects of the nature of binder (N), binder concentration (c) and relative density of tablet (d) on the disintegration time (DT) and dissolution times, t1, t50 and t90, of paracetamol tablet formulations. The factorial design was also used to study the quantitative effects of pregelatinization of starch binders on these parameters, i.e., N, c and d. In general, the most common ranking of the individual effects on DT, t1, t50 and t90 for native/native, pregelatinized/pregelatinized and native/pregelatinized starch binder formulations was c > d > N. For interaction effects, the most common ranking was N-c > c-d > N-d for all formulations. The results generally showed that c can considerably affect DT, t1, t50 and t90 of the tablets.

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Characterization of structure and air permeability of aromatherapic terry textile

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology ◽

10.1108/ijcst-01-2015-0013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 2-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Salvinija Petrulyte ◽

Deimante Vankeviciute ◽

Donatas Petrulis

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Factorial Designs ◽

Linear Type ◽

Content Type ◽

Mathematical Equations ◽

Binder Concentration

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the physical properties of smart aromatherapic ramie/cotton terry fabrics containing microcapsules (MC) with essential Eucalyptus oil. Design/methodology/approach – Terry fabrics are manufactured by changing the weft density. The air permeability is determined for grey and microencapsulated textile. The factorial designs are made. For informative experiment the linear type of regression is analysed. Development of physical properties of microencapsulated terry fabrics is discussed. Findings – The air permeability of aromatherapic terry fabrics is determined. All statistical analysis is performed. Appropriate conclusions about the influence of fabric’s structure and microencapsulating process on terry fabric quality are made. Originality/value – To date there are no investigations concerning terry textiles with fragrance MC. This study developed analysis and empiric mathematical equations suitable for evaluating and designing terry fabrics with the air permeability required. Assessment of the influence of fabric’s weft density and binder concentration for the air permeability of terry textile is proposed.

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Dye Loading with Patch Pipettes

Cold Spring Harbor Protocols ◽

10.1101/pdb.prot5201 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 (4) ◽

pp. pdb.prot5201-pdb.prot5201 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Eilers ◽

A. Konnerth

Keyword(s):

Dye Loading

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Bis-tridentate Ru(ii) sensitizers with a spatially encumbered 2,6-dipyrazolylpyridine ancillary ligand for dye-sensitized solar cells

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra07379h ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (67) ◽

pp. 42013-42023 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ting-Kuang Chang ◽

Yun Chi

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Charge Recombination ◽

Ancillary Ligand ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Dye Loading ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

The sensitizer TF-tBu_C3F7 has shown the highest overall efficiencies of JSC = 18.47 mA cm−2, VOC = 767 mV, FF = 0.71 and PCE = 10.05% under simulated one sun irradiation, due to the fine balance between dye loading and reduced charge recombination.

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Changes in Structural and Rheological Properties of Guar Gum Particles in Fluidized-Bed Agglomeration: Effect of Sucrose Binder Concentration

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods11010073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Donghyeon Lee ◽

Byoungseung Yoo

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Ftir Spectra ◽

Sem Images ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Binder Concentration ◽

Bed Agglomeration ◽

Xrd Patterns

Fluidized-bed agglomeration (FBA) is known to modify the structure and rheology of food powders. In this study, guar gum (GG) powders with various concentrations of sucrose binder (0%, 10%, 20%, or 30%) were subjected to fluidized-bed agglomeration. Subsequently, changes in the characteristics of the GG powders were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD) analysis, and rheological and dispersibility measurements. SEM images and FTIR spectra revealed surface morphology changes and structural modification, respectively, in the original GG powder after FBA, although the changes observed in FTIR spectra were only slightly dependent on sucrose concentration at low concentrations (0–20%). XRD patterns confirmed that the crystallinity of the GG powder was affected by FBA, but not greatly so by binder concentration. The PSD results showed that the GG particle size was increased by FBA and there was a clear relationship between sucrose concentration (10–30%) and mean particle size. The rheological behavior and dispersibility of GG (properties that are known to be affected by the structure of a powder) were also influenced by sucrose concentration. To sum up, FBA and the concentration of sucrose binder used can serve as factors for modifying GG powder.

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Surface properties and dye loading behavior of Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles hydrothermally synthesized using different mineralizers

Materials Characterization ◽

10.1016/j.matchar.2011.07.006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 1007-1015 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Alagappan Annamalai ◽

Yang Dam Eo ◽

Chan Im ◽

Man-Jong Lee

Keyword(s):

Surface Properties ◽

Dye Loading

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Formulation Development and Evaluation of Multiple Unit Pellet System of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00927 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5319-5324

Author(s):

Gavaskar Basani ◽

Madhusudan Rao Yamsani ◽

Ramya Sri Sura

Keyword(s):

Extended Release ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Prostate Gland ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Water Soluble Polymer ◽

Multiple Unit ◽

Binder Concentration ◽

Extrusion Spheronization ◽

Drug Coating

The aim of current work was to grow extended release multiple unit pellets of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride, is an alpha-blocker, used for the healing of the symptoms of a prostate gland condition called BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) by extrusion- spheronization (E/S) and solution/suspension layering (S/S) method. In the Extrusion-Spheronization, A ratio of 75:25, 67:33, 64:36 Tamsulosin Hydrochloride and Microcrystalline cellulose were mixed for making drug pellets and extended release (ER) coating was performed in fluidized bed processor (FBP) by solution/suspension layering with Ethyl cellulose (aqueous. dispersion, 4 cps and 7 cps) and Hypromellose (5cps) with different ratios % weight buildups accordingly. In the Solution/suspension layering (S/S) method, Tamsulosin Hydrochloride drug pellets were prepared by layering onto MCC spheres in FBP. These drug pellets were further coated for extended release with HPMC, 5cps and EC, 7cps. In drug coating stage, drug and different binder (Hypromellose, 5 cps) concentrations 8, 10, 12, 14 mg/unit were coated onto the cores for optimization of binder concentration. The weight of MCC spheres were optimized for further formulations. For all the drug coated pellets, ER coating was given with EC, 7cps and HPMC, 5 cps at a coating level of 8% weight by weight. In the extrusion- spheronization (E/S) Optimization of Drug pellets: Among the trials TD3 (Tamsulosin HCl and MCC) showed good mechanical strength with better yield due to increased MCC concentration. Optimization of Extended Release Coating: Optimized TD3 drug pellets were coated with ER coating using water insoluble polymer (Aq.EC 25% dispersion/ EC, 4cps/ EC, 7cps) and water soluble polymer (HPMC, 5cps). Among these polymers, extended release coating was optimized (TD3E14) with the combination of EC, 7cps and HPMC, 5cps at 8% weight build up. In the Solution/Suspension layering: Optimization of binder concentration in drug coating stage: HPMC, 5cps with 12 mg/unit for TF7 was optimized based on %yield. Optimization of MCC spheres in drug coating stage in formulation of ER pellets with different weight drug pellets: The weight of MCC spheres (160, 170, 180, 190 mg/unit) used in the drug coating stage with binder HPMC, 5cps (12 mg/unit). These drug pellets were given with ER coating at 8% weight buildup by using EC, 7cps and HPMC, 5cps. Among these trials, TF7E7 was optimized. Based on the investigations of the present study, conclusions was. formulating low dose, high soluble, BCS class I drug- Tamsulosin Hydrochloride ER formulation by extrusion-spheronization showed flexibility for batch processing and cost effectiveness while solution/suspension layering was process feasible but time consuming due to high drug loading.

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A2 and A2B2 Benzoporphyrins as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1142/s1088424619500536 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (04n05) ◽

pp. 599-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siddhartha Kumar ◽

Whitney Webre ◽

Jacob Schaffner ◽

Sheikh M. S. Islam ◽

Francis D’Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Acid Group ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Dye Loading ◽

Two Factors ◽

Homo And Lumo ◽

Anchoring Group ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

The first example of A2B2 tetrabenzoporphyrin (KW-4) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated as a sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells. UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed red-shifted and broadened absorption spectra of A2B2 tetrabenzoporphyrin as compared with its A2 dibenzo- and A2B2 dibenzoporphyrin analogues, which is a desired feature of dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. DFT calculations also indicate favorable electron density distribution on the HOMO and LUMO of KW-4. However, the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell based on tetrabenzoporphyrin KW-4 displayed inferior performance than that of the solar cell based on A2 dibenzoporphyrin KW-2. The lower performance of the KW-4 cell was ascribed to two factors: the low lying LUMO energy level leading to less efficient electron injection and the “flat geometry” of the dye on TiO2surface facilitating charge recombination and decreasing dye loading. The investigation of anchoring group effect suggests that the acrylic acid group is a better anchoring group than pentadienyl carboxylic acid.

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