Effect of Three Spices on Oral Glucose Tolerance and Biochemical Parameters in Experimentally Induced Type-II Diabetes: A Comparative Study

The aim of the present study was to assess the level of glycaemic control by the measurement of 24 h blood glucose profiles and standard blood analyses under identical nutritional and physical activity conditions in patients with Type II diabetes and healthy normoglycaemic controls. A total of 11 male patients with Type II diabetes and 11 healthy matched controls participated in a 24 h CGMS (continuous subcutaneous glucose-monitoring system) assessment trial under strictly standardized dietary and physical activity conditions. In addition, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) concentrations were measured, and an OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) was performed to calculate indices of whole-body insulin sensitivity, oral glucose tolerance and/or glycaemic control. In the healthy control group, hyperglycaemia (blood glucose concentration >10 mmol/l) was hardly present (2±1% or 0.4±0.2/24 h). However, in the patients with Type II diabetes, hyperglycaemia was experienced for as much as 55±7% of the time (13±2 h over 24 h) while using the same standardized diet. Breakfast-related hyperglycaemia contributed most (46±7%; P<0.01 as determined by ANOVA) to the total amount of hyperglycaemia and postprandial glycaemic instability. In the diabetes patients, blood HbA1c content correlated well with the duration of hyperglycaemia and the postprandial glucose responses (P<0.05). In conclusion, CGMS determinations show that standard measurements of glycaemic control underestimate the amount of hyperglycaemia prevalent during real-life conditions in Type II diabetes. Given the macro- and micro-vascular damage caused by postprandial hyperglycaemia, CGMS provides an excellent tool to evaluate alternative therapeutic strategies to reduce hyperglycaemic blood glucose excursions.

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Hypoglycemic Properties of the Aqueous Extract from the Stem Bark of Ceiba pentandra in Dexamethasone-Induced Insulin Resistant Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/4234981 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christian Kuété Fofié ◽

Elvine Pami Nguelefack-Mbuyo ◽

Nole Tsabang ◽

Albert Kamanyi ◽

Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Type Ii ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Ceiba Pentandra

Parts of Ceiba pentandra are wildly used in Africa to treat diabetes and previous works have demonstrated their in vivo antidiabetic effects on type 1 diabetes models. In addition, it has been recently shown that the decoction and the methanol extract from the stem bark of C. pentandra potentiate in vitro, the peripheral glucose consumption by the liver and skeletal muscle slices. But nothing is known about its effect on type II diabetes, especially on insulin resistance condition. We investigated herein the antihyperglycemic, insulin-sensitizing potential, and cardioprotective effects of the dried decoction from the stem bark of Ceiba pentandra (DCP) in dexamethasone-induced insulin resistant rats. DCP phytochemical analysis using LC-MS showed the presence of many compounds, including 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol, and vavain. Wistar rats were given intramuscularly (i.m.) dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/day) alone or concomitantly with oral doses of DCP (75 or 150 mg/kg/day) or metformin (40 mg/kg/day) for 9 days. Parameters such as body weight, glycemia, oral glucose tolerance, plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, blood pressure, and heart rate were evaluated. Moreover, cardiac, hepatic and aortic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase), malondialdehyde level, and nitric oxide content were determined. DCP decreased glycemia by up to 34% and corrected the impairment of glucose tolerance induced by dexamethasone but has no significant effect on blood pressure and heart rate. DCP reduced the total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides as compared to animals treated only with dexamethasone. DCP also increased catalase, glutathione, and NO levels impaired by dexamethasone, without any effect on SOD and malondialdehyde. In conclusion, the decoction of the stem bark of Ceiba pentandra has insulin sensitive effects as demonstrated by the improvement of glucose tolerance, oxidative status, and plasma lipid profile. This extract may therefore be a good candidate for the treatment of type II diabetes.

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Liver steatosis in juvenile obesity: correlations with lipid profile, hepatic biochemical parameters and glycemic and insulinemic responses to an oral glucose tolerance test

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/sj.ijo.0801224 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 772-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

G Guzzaloni ◽

G Grugni ◽

A Minocci ◽

D Moro ◽

F Morabito

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Juvenile Obesity

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Comparative study of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose vs the oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis of diabetes in people with tuberculosis

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/dme.13354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 800-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Aftab ◽

A. Ambreen ◽

M. Jamil ◽

P. Garred ◽

J. H. Petersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fasting Plasma

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A Comparative Study of Blood Pressure, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Lipid Profile between Non Diabetic Obese and Non-Obese Women

International Journal of Physiology ◽

10.5958/2320-608x.2015.00044.x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

V S Bhagyalakshmi ◽

V S Anjan Kumar ◽

M N Sekar ◽

D C Vijayalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Obese Women ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance

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A comparative study of oral glucose tolerance tests in Nigerian women on three types of steroidal contraceptives

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics ◽

10.1016/0020-7292(91)90719-l ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 233-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O.O. Oyelola ◽

S.O. Olusi ◽

S.O. Ayangade

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Nigerian Women ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽

Glucose Tolerance Tests

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Hyperproinsulinemia is not a characteristic feature in the offspring of patients with different phenotypes of type II diabetes

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1430251 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 251-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

IK Vauhkonen ◽

LK Niskanen ◽

L Mykkanen ◽

SM Haffner ◽

MI Uusitupa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Study Groups ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Type Ii ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Tolerant ◽

Specific Insulin

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to study whether there are differences in plasma proinsulin levels and proinsulin-to-specific insulin ratio in the offspring of patients with different phenotypes of type II diabetes. DESIGN: Eleven glucose-tolerant offspring of type II diabetic patients with deficient insulin secretion phenotype (IS group), nine glucose-tolerant offspring of patients with insulin-resistant phenotype (IR group), and fourteen healthy control subjects without a family history of diabetes were studied. METHODS: Plasma specific insulin, plasma proinsulin, and plasma C-peptide levels were measured during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test and during hyperglycemic clamp. RESULTS: Plasma proinsulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test and the hyperglycemic clamp did not differ among the study groups. The IR group had a lower fasting plasma proinsulin-to-specific insulin ratio (10.3+/-1.7%) than the control group (15.4+/-1.4%; P<0.05) and the IS group (18.6+/-2.7%; P<0.05). Furthermore, the IR group had lower plasma proinsulin-to-specific insulin ratio at 30, 60 and 90 min after the oral glucose load than the IS group. However, there were no significant differences in proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio during the oral glucose tolerance test among the study groups. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, hepatic specific insulin extraction in the fasting state (beta =0.65; P<0.001) and fasting blood glucose (beta =0.32; P<0.05) together explained 52% of the variation in fasting plasma proinsulin-to-specific insulin ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperproinsulinemia is not a characteristic finding in glucose-tolerant offspring of type II diabetic probands with deficient insulin secretion or insulin-resistant phenotype. The differences in proinsulin-to-specific insulin ratios were most likely explained by different hepatic extraction among the study groups.

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