A deletion containing a CTCF-element in intron 8 of the Bbs7 gene is partially responsible for juvenile obesity in the Berlin Fat Mouse

The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred (BFMI) line is a model for juvenile obesity. Previous studies on crosses between BFMI and C57Bl/6N (B6N) have identified a recessive defect causing juvenile obesity on chromosome 3 (jObes1). Bbs7 was identified as the most likely candidate gene for the observed effect. Comparative sequence analysis showed a 1578 bp deletion in intron 8 of Bbs7 in BFMI mice. A CTCF-element is located inside this deletion. To investigate the functional effect of this deletion, it was introduced into B6N mice using CRISPR/Cas9. Two mice containing the target deletion were obtained (B6N Bbs7emI8∆1 and Bbs7emI8∆2) and were subsequently mated to BFMI and B6N to generate two families suitable for complementation. Inherited alleles were determined and body composition was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance. Evidence for a partial complementation (13.1–15.1%) of the jObes1 allele by the CRISPR/Cas9 modified B6N Bbs7emI8∆1 and Bbs7emI8∆2 alleles was found. Mice carrying the complementation alleles had a 23–27% higher fat-to-lean ratio compared to animals which have a B6N allele (P(Bbs7emI8∆1) = 4.25 × 10–7; P(Bbs7emI8∆2) = 3.17 × 10–5). Consistent with previous findings, the recessive effect of the BFMI allele was also seen for the B6N Bbs7emI8∆1 and Bbs7emI8∆2 alleles. However, the effect size of the B6N Bbs7emI8∆1 and Bbs7emI8∆2 alleles was smaller than the BFMI allele, and thus showed only a partial complementation. Findings suggest additional variants near Bbs7 in addition to or interacting with the deletion in intron 8.

Effectiveness of educational program for prevention of juvenile obesity / Efetividade de programa educativo para prevenção de obesidade juvenil

Objetivo: avaliar efetividade do programa educativo voltado para prevenção da obesidade entre adolescentes escolares, ancorado no modelo transteórico de mudança de comportamento. Método: estudo quantitativo do tipo quase-experimental de grupo único realizado em escola pública de ensino médio, na cidade de Sobral-Ceará com 39 adolescentes por meio da implementação de programa educativo. Resultados: o programa educativo foi efetivo na redução de variáveis antropométricas: peso (58,85 para 58,31, p=0,005); circunferência abdominal (73,5 para 72,65 cm, p=0,000); circunferência do quadril (91,65 para 90,75 cm, p=0,000) e índice de massa corporal (22,89 para 22,67 kg/m2, p=0,012). No M-1, a maioria dos estudantes estavam no estágio de pré-contemplação (66,7%). Ao longo dos momentos de coleta, observou-se discreto aumento no percentual de contemplação. Conclusão: intervenções educativas para prevenção da obesidade juvenil são ferramentas válidas para serem utilizadas por profissionais da saúde em conjunto com a escola, favorecendo a promoção da saúde e empoderamento de adolescentes.

Hubungan Obesitas Remaja Dengan Gambaran Citra Tubuh Di MTSN 1 Bondowoso Desa Traktakan Kecamatan Wonosari

Obesity is a problem which is scared by all ages, including juvenile ages because it can affect the change in physical appearance.A change in physical appearance certainly can influence their body image in juvenile age. The objective of the study is correlation between juveniles obesity ang body image in student of MTsN I Bondowoso at Traktakan Village Wonosari districts.This study is kuantitatif research, the population is all of students from MTsN I BondowosoTraktakan village Wonosaridistricts.a sample 28 ( twentyeigh) people, sampling using proposive sampling, data analysis using the Spearman Rho. The score of correlation test showed from SPSS 17 that the Spearman Rho value p < 0,05 can to correlation value p = 0,040 value p = 0,040 is smaller than 0,05,and r = 0,391 which means the hypothsis is accepted.The result of this research found that there was significentcorrelation between juvenile obesity and body image in students of MTsN I Bondowoso. From the resultof this study,researchers are looking forward to a change in adolescent to diet and exercise activities that routine to maintain ideal body weight

Sex-Dependent Dyslipidemia and Neuro-Humoral Alterations Leading to Further Cardiovascular Risk in Juvenile Obesity

Objective: Childhood obesity is a growing concern as the World Health Organization (WHO) states that ~10% of adolescents worldwide are overweight or obese. This condition is the reflex of energy imbalance between the calories consumed and those expended. Sex-related responses associated with dyslipidemia, hormonal alterations, and neuro-humoral disruptions in childhood obesity are the focus of the present investigation.Methods: Ninety-two Brazilian adolescents were enrolled and divided between obese and eutrophic groups. Obesity was assessed using body mass index Z-score according to age and weight. Anthropometrical analyses, blood pressure, blood lipids, metabolism-regulating hormones, and neuropeptides were carried out.Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher in female and male patients with obesity. Obese females presented alterations in lipid profile and an augment of cardiovascular disease prediction ratios TC/HDL, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, and VLDL/HDL. The levels of leptin, GIP, and neuropeptide showed sex-dimorphism in obesity. The obese adolescents presented increased levels of circulating insulin, c-peptide, amylin, glucagon, and GLP-1. Correlation analysis showed significant linearity between body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, hormones, and neuropeptides content.Conclusions: Our data support an existing link associating hypertension, dyslipidemia, and neuro-hormonal imbalance in childhood obesity. We also described a sex-dependent pattern in childhood obesity-associated dyslipidemia and blood pressure in female patients with obesity solely.

Clinical, dietary, and psychosocial effectiveness of interdisciplinary care in child and juvenile obesity

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of interdisciplinary care in modifying anthropometric clinical parameters (BMI and waist circumference), psychosocial profile and eating behavior in a group of children and adolescents with obesity. This is a clinical study involving 200 children and adolescents with obesity who are participants of the “Serviço de Medicina Preventiva” program, and the “Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Crianças e Adolescentes” both in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. At the end of the interdisciplinary intervention, there was a decrease in the number of hours devoted to electronic games and television and an increase in physical activity, which was associated with a reduction in reports of dissatisfaction and symptoms of depression. In addition, the sadness and prejudice related to obesity suffered at school and in the family environment were also attenuated, despite the percentage increase in the anxiety indicator. Regarding the anthropometric measurement, there was a reduction in body mass index, waist circumference, in caloric consumption. It is concluded that interdisciplinary programs are an effective strategy to reduce the negative repercussions of obesity in the daily lives of obese children and adolescents, as there were improvements in anthropometric parameters, in addition to psychosocial and dietary aspects.RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia do atendimento interdisciplinar na modificação de parâmetros clínicos antropométricos (IMC e circunferência da cintura), perfil psicossocial e comportamento alimentar em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes com obesidade. Trata-se de um estudo clínico envolvendo 200 crianças e adolescentes com obesidade participantes do programa “Serviço de Medicina Preventiva” e do “Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Crianças e Adolescentes”, ambos em Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil. Ao final da intervenção interdisciplinar, houve uma diminuição no número de horas dedicadas a jogos eletrônicos e televisão e um aumento na atividade física, o que foi associado à redução nos relatos de insatisfação e sintomas de depressão. Além disso, a tristeza e o preconceito relacionados à obesidade sofrida na escola e no ambiente familiar também foram atenuados, apesar do aumento percentual no indicador de ansiedade. Em relação à medida antropométrica, houve redução do índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e consumo calórico. Conclui-se que os programas interdisciplinares são uma estratégia eficaz para reduzir as repercussões negativas da obesidade no cotidiano de crianças e adolescentes obesos, pois houve melhorias nos parâmetros antropométricos, além de aspectos psicossociais e alimentares.

Microbial Reconstitution Reverses Early Female Puberty Induced by Maternal High-fat Diet During Lactation

Recent work shows that gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the risk of obesity in children whose mothers consume a high-fat diet (HFD) during both gestation and lactation or during gestation alone. Obesity predisposes children to developing precocious puberty. However, to date, no study has examined how maternal HFD (MHFD) during lactation regulates the gut microbiota (GM), pubertal timing, and fertility of offspring. Here, we found that MHFD during lactation markedly altered the GM of offspring. The pups developed juvenile obesity, early puberty, irregular estrous cycles, and signs of disrupted glucose metabolism. Remarkably, permitting coprophagia between MHFD and maternal normal chow offspring successfully reversed the GM changes as well as early puberty and insulin insensitivity. Our data suggest that microbial reconstitution may prevent or treat early puberty associated with insulin resistance.

Sex-Specific Differences in Fat Storage, Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Brain Structure in Juvenile HFD-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice

Background: Sex-specific differences play a role in metabolism, fat storage in adipose tissue, and brain structure. At juvenile age, brain function is susceptible to the effects of obesity; little is known about sex-specific differences in juvenile obesity. Therefore, this study examined sex-specific differences in adipose tissue and liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and putative alterations between male and female mice in brain structure in relation to behavioral changes during the development of juvenile obesity. Methods: In six-week-old male and female Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice (n = 48), the impact of 18 weeks of HFD-feeding was examined. Fat distribution, liver pathology and brain structure and function were analyzed imunohisto- and biochemically, in cognitive tasks and with MRI. Results: HFD-fed female mice were characterized by an increased perigonadal fat mass, pronounced macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. Male mice on HFD displayed an increased mesenteric fat mass, pronounced adipose tissue inflammation and microvesicular hepatic steatosis. Only male HFD-fed mice showed decreased cerebral blood flow and reduced white matter integrity. Conclusions: At young age, male mice are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of HFD than female mice. This study emphasizes the importance of sex-specific differences in obesity, liver pathology, and brain function.