scholarly journals Surface and subsurface water quality assessment in semi-arid region: a case study from Quetta and Sorange Intermontane Valleys, Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-954 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Hydrochemical Facies ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Sodium Percent ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Siwalik Group ◽  
Quetta Valley

<div> <p>Present investigation is an exertion to explore safe means of water for the community in the water scare region. In order to accomplish such goal origin of springs as well as chemical analyses of groundwater samples from different locations were carried out. Four zones are discovered on the basis of nature of water points, rock types and water chemistry. These zones are Hard Rocks Springs (HRS), Valley Springs (VS), Recharge Areas Aquifers (RAA) and Central Valley Aquifers (CVA). HRS are originated from thick successions of limestone (Kirthar Limestone) and thick packages of channelized sandstone and conglomerates of the Siwalik Group. It is recommended that Chiltan, Parh, Kirthar, Dhok Pathan and Soan formations may be focused for future needs of safe water supply in the Quetta valley. This study includes the analysis of different physico-chemical parameters such as Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, turbidity, Electrical conductivity (EC), hydrochemical facies, Sodium Adsorption Ration (SAR), Sodium Percent (Na%), Kelleys Index (KI), Permeability Index (PI), major cation and anions to assess the quality of groundwater sources. The outcomes of groundwater analyses were equated with various drinking water standards e.g., NSDWQ-Pak, USEPA, and EU. The results are plotted for determination of lateral variations and to empathize the reasons of these variations. The affects of rock types, geological structures as well as anthropogenic causes on origin and results are discussed systematically. The hydrochemical facies identified show that the alkaline earth exceeds alkalies, strong acids exceeds weak acids, mixed type (no cation, anion exceeds 50%), no dominant cation and anion types but water of VS is calcium chloride and sulfate type. The water is classified as C2-S1 (HRS), C3-S1 (CVA &amp; RAA) and C3-S2 (VS) based on SAR and EC values, which intend that most water samples can be used for irrigation safely except water samples collected from VS. Based on the Na% the water samples are categorized as excellent to good and good to permissible limits. The water is suitable for irrigation as all samples bear KI less than 1. The PI values in the water samples studied (less than 40) also contemplate that the water is desirable for irrigation use, although caution is needed of VS water.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Physico-chemical attributes of water of Hakaluki Haor, Sylhet, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Md Tajul Islam ◽  
M Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Hassan Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Attributes

Water quality assessment has been carried out in the Hakaluki Haor of greater Sylhet district during May, 2013 to February, 2014. Water samples were collected from 5 spots during 4 seasons and a total of 15 physico-chemical parameters were studied. Significant seasonal variation was observed in all seasons among physico-chemical parameters. pH values varied from 5.9 - 7.1, water temperature varied from 23.7 – 26.7OC, transference varied from 23-53 cm, TSS varied from 18.1-192 mg/l, TDS varied 25-193.5 mg/l, EC varied from 30-680 ?s/cm , DO content of water varied from 4.6 - 5.6mg/l, BOD varied from 0.2-2.614 mg/l, COD varied from 38-312 mg/l, NO3-N varied from 0.1-30.4 mg/l, NH3 varied from 0.9-2.18 mg/l, alkalinity varied from 12-42 mg/l and PO4 varied from 0.9 -13.4 (mg/l). Agricultural and inorganic pollutants have been observed as the main causes of the Haor water pollution.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 67-72, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Surface Waters and Wastewaters by Traditional and Ecotoxicological Indicators in Ogosta River, Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Galina Yotova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Lazarova ◽  
Veronika Mihaylova ◽  
Tony Venelinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effect ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Surface water samples in Ogosta River, Bulgaria and wastewater samples at the inlet and outlet of WWTP–Montana were tested for the traditional parameters and ecotoxicological effect. The river and Dam surface waters comply with category A1 of Directive 75/440/EEC for pH, EC, COD, TSS, NO3–, Cl–, SO42–, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn; with category A2 for BOD5, NH4+–N and Fe; and with category A3 for TNb and As. The average annual concentrations of Al, Cr (III), Cr (VI) and U are lower than the set limits in the Water Framework Directive. Arsenic concentration in all the samples exceeds the maximum allowed concentration, a results from natural processes. All the levels of the studied parameters in the outlet wastewater samples are lower than the limits, set in Directive 91/271/EEC and in the complex permit of the WWTP. The results of the biotest Phytotoxkit F™ show low ecotoxicity of the water samples. Optimization of the sample pretreatment prior to this ecotoxicological test is analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Sirsiya River

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Prasad Shah ◽  
Bhoj R Pant
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Industrial Corridor

The parameters such as temperature, PH, TSS, TDS, ammonia, phenol, cyanide, sulfide, oil and grease, chloride, DO, COD and BOD were taken to assess the water quality of Sirsiya river, central southern Nepal. Water samples were collected from upstream to downstream from the point receiving industrial effluent to Sirsiya river. It receives wastewater burden of more than 250 industries along Bara/Parsa industrial corridor. All the parameters except oil and grease were found within the generic standard. The study revealed that the physic-chemical characteristic of the river water was changing as a result of the discharge of untreated effluents from different industries. This may impact on water quality of Sirsiya river and also pose human health problems. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 141-146 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7727

Water quality assessment of groundwater in some rock types in parts of the eastern region of Ghana

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Y. Ganyaglo ◽  
Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo ◽  
Shiloh Osae ◽  
Samuel B. Dampare ◽  
Joseph R. Fianko
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Rock Types

Development, verification and validation of a three-dimensional groundwater flow model for ESM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Miura ◽  
Kei Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Groundwater Flow Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160; Groundwater is one of the important water resources in the world and Groundwater flow is linked with surface water strongly. Many studies on groundwater are conducted in a local scale or focused on affect-ing surface water in a global scale. In current Earth System Model, fixed and constant one-dimensional vertical grid is used in unsaturated zone. In real world, the thickness of unsatu-rated zone depends on the climate and it is considered that there are limitations of runoff process expression especially in humid mountainous area. In this study, we developed three-dimensional groundwater flow model as ESM which can represent the variably saturated flow and groundwa-ter storativity. Since, this model is eventually coupled with Land Surface Model, it is possible to track the underground water flow using boundary conditions of recharge and surface water level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160; We verified accuracy of the code using one &amp; two-dimensional infiltration problem, three-dimensional groundwater pumping problem, and hillslope problem. Our model was com-pared with other researchers results, experimental data, analytical solutions. In consequence, our model was able to get accurate results. Subsequently, we conducted validation in Central valley, California, USA. The reason of chose this region is that this region is a semi-arid region, ground-water is used for irrigation and well pumping data is accessible. Over the world, groundwater use is more important in arid or semi-arid region than in humid area, and also highly utilized as agri-cultural water. Central valley has representativeness of groundwater use. In addition, the famous groundwater model, MODFLOW, was used to evaluate water resource management in this region. As well as MODFLOW, we calibrated hydraulic conductivity with 24 observation sites during 1961 - 2003 to validate. 156 observation points excluded 24 calibration points were used as vali-dation in same period. In the near future, we will confirm the difference between one-dimension and three dimensions setting of the unsaturated zone with respect to runoff process.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Review of groundwater potentials and groundwater hydrochemistry of semi-arid Hadejia-Yobe Basin, North-eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadu Umar Wali ◽  
Ibrahim Mustapha Dankani ◽  
Sheikh Danjuma Abubakar ◽  
Murtala Abubakar Gada ◽  
Abdulqadir Abubakar Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Metal Pollution Index ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Hydrochemical Composition ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Understanding the hydrochemical and hydrogeological physiognomies of subsurface water in a semi-arid region is important for the effective management of water resources. This paper presents a thorough review of the hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the Hadejia-Yobe basin. The hydrochemical and hydrogeological configurations as reviewed indicated that the Chad Formation is the prolific aquifer in the basin.  Boreholes piercing the Gundumi formation have a depth ranging from 20-85 meters.  The hydrochemical composition of groundwater revealed water of excellent quality, as all the studied parameters were found to have concentrations within WHO and  Nigeria’s standard for drinking water quality.  However,  further studies are required for further evaluation of water quality index, heavy metal pollution index, and irrigation water quality. Also, geochemical, and stable isotope analysis is required for understanding the provenance of salinity and hydrogeochemical controls on groundwater in the basin.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration and Runoff Patterns Across California's Sierra Nevada

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Rungee ◽  
Qin Ma ◽  
Michael L. Goulden ◽  
Roger Bales
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Leave One Out

Spatially resolved annual evapotranspiration was calculated across the 14 main river basins draining into California's Central Valley, USA, using a statistical model that combined satellite greenness, gridded precipitation, and flux-tower measurements. Annual evapotranspiration across the study area averaged 529 mm. Average basin-scale annual precipitation minus evapotranspiration was in good agreement with annual runoff, with deviations in wet and dry years suggesting withdrawal or recharge of subsurface water storage. Evapotranspiration peaked at lower elevations in the colder, northern basins, and at higher elevations in the southern high-Sierra basins, closely tracking the 12.3°C mean temperature isocline. Precipitation and evapotranspiration are closely balanced across much of the study region, and small shifts in either will cause disproportionate changes in water storage and runoff. The majority of runoff was generated below the rain-snow transition in northern basins, and originated in snow-dominated elevations in the southern basins. Climate warming that increases growing season length will increase evapotranspiration and reduce runoff across all elevations in the north, but only at higher elevations in the south. Feedback mechanisms in these steep mountain basins, plus over-year subsurface storage, with their steep precipitation and temperature gradients, provide important buffering of the water balance to change. Leave-one-out cross validation revealed that the statistical model for annual evapotranspiration is sensitive to the number and distribution of measurement sites, implying that additional strategically located flux towers would improve evapotranspiration predictions. Leave-one-out with individual years was less sensitive, implying that longer records are less important. This statistical top-down modeling of evapotranspiration provides an important complement to constraining water-balance measurements with gridded precipitation and unimpaired runoff, with applications such as quantifying water balance following forest die-off, management or wildfire.

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