A Noise Based Medical Elites Silence Model and Public Health Opinion Distortion in Social Networks

Under the impact of internet populism, internet violence, and other noises on the internet, medical elites, who have a professional background, did not intend to share their opinions on the internet. Thus, misinformation about health is increasingly prevalent. We roughly divided the users in social networks into ordinary users, medical elites, and super-influencers. In this paper, we propose a communication model of health information based on the improved Hegselmann-Krause (H-K) model. By conducting MATLAB-based simulation, the experimental results showed that network noise was an important factor that interfered with opinion propagation regarding health. The louder the noise is, the harder it is for health opinions within a group to reach a consensus. But even in a noisy environment, super-influencers could influence the overall cognition on public health in the social network fundamentally. When the super-influencers held positive opinions in public health, the medical elite keeping silent had a noise-tolerant effect on opinion communication in public health, and vice versa. Thus, three factors concerning noise control, the free information release of medical elites, and the positive position of super-influence are very important to form a virtuous information environment for public health.

Developing a Manual for Implementing Group Guidance and Counseling Through Integrated Holistic Program

One of the services that should be provided by early childhood education (henceforth PAUD) teachers in the holistic integrative program is group guidance and counseling. Therefore, a manual which can assist them in providing these services is needed. This research aims to develop manual for implementing group guidance and counseling through holistic integrative program. The design of the study was research and development by following the CID development model which consists of 4 stages, namely 1) Define, 2) Design, 3) Develop, and 4) Disseminate. The design was validated by two experts, each of whom was with a professional background in guidance and counseling, and early childhood education respectively. The validation results showed that each aspect of the material, presentation, language and graphics are very valid (82%), valid (76.25), valid (70%) and very valid (85%) respectively. The dissemination stage was conducted through trying out the manual for the implementation of guidance and counseling in PAUD-to-PAUD teachers throughout to get an idea of whether there are still improvements so that the use of this manual can achieve the expected goals

A Corpus-based Comparative Study of Literary Translation Styles: Taking the C-E Translations of the 11th “The World of English Cup” Translation Contest as an Example

The paper makes a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the translation style differences between the reference translation (Lin’s Version) and the first prize-winning translation (Liu’s Version) of The Original Mission of Culture in the “11th Hangzhou Normal University-English World Cup Translation Contest” from lexical, syntactic and discourse features. The translation styles of the two translators are found to show similarities and differences. The differences are mainly reflected in the lexical and sentence dimensions. Lin’s Version shows higher lexical richness and complexity and sophisticated sentence patterns, while Liu’s Version is more reader-friendly, featured by changing narrative perspectives, adopting the explicit translation method, and reflecting the explanatory trend. The similarities are mainly embodied in discourse features. Both translation versions use conjunctions to achieve discourse cohesion with similar effects. But given lexicon, syntax, and other factors, Liu’s Version is better in readability. The main causes for the different translation styles of the two versions are related to the translator’s identity and professional background, as well as the translator’s emotional orientation towards the contest.

Leach Glover, ‘Dancing Master to the Royal Family’ Part One: The Professional Dancer in Context

Leach Glover (1697–1763) danced in London's theatres from 1717 until 1741 and was a leading dancer for nearly twenty years. In 1738, he was appointed as a dancing master to Britain's royal family, a post he retained following his retirement from the stage. This article looks at Glover's family and professional background and places his theatrical career within the wider context of dancing on the London stage. It looks in detail at his first and last seasons working for John Rich, manager of the Lincoln's Inn Fields and then Covent Garden theatres. It examines not only Glover's repertoire but also his changing status in the dance company that existed within the theatrical company. As part of this investigation, it discusses some of Glover's contemporaries alongside its appraisal of his own work and looks at the challenges as well as the opportunities he experienced within the commercial environment of the London stage.

An Automatic Approach for Combinational Problems on a Hybrid Quantum Architecture

Quantum computing has shown great potential and advantages in solving integer factorization and disordered database search. However, it is not easy to solve specific problems with quantum computing device efficiently and widely, because a lot of professional background knowledge is required. In order to solve this problem, we propose an optimization problem’s automatic hybird quantum framework (OpAQ) for solving user-specified problems on a hybrid computing architecture including both quantum and classical computing resources. Such a solver can allow nonprofessionals who are not familiar with quantum physics and quantum computing to use quantum computing device to solve some classically difficult problems easily. Combinatorial optimization problem is one of the most important problems in both academic and industry. In this paper, we mainly focus on these problems and solve them with OpAQ, which is based on quantum approximation optimization algorithm (QAOA). We evaluate the performance of our approach in solving Graph Coloring, Max-cut, Traveling Salesman and Knapsack Problem. The experimental results show that quantum solver can achieve almost the same optimal solutions with the classical.

Expert’s Heuristic Biases in Airport Predictive Risk Assessments

Expert perceptions have been increasingly used to perform risk assessments in airport predictive risk assessments in recent years. Although it is known that biases are less influential in groups of experts when compared to laypeople, they still can be residually present in such tasks with this specific group. Therefore, this article aims to propose (1) the pragmatic organization of knowledge about the biases that may affect airport risk assessments by groups of experts and (2) which of them most often arise in this type of analysis and at what intensity. For the development of the work, we carried out a dense bibliographic review of the theme. Later, we performed a predictive risk assessment and a survey, with the support of an experienced group of 30 experts from Brazilian regulatory agency and airport operators. After 1224 risk judgments, experts were able to clearly indicate regulations and their sections that are disproportionately more and less important in terms of risk, leading States to a better regulatory quality only by changing their logic of actions to a risk-based approach. Later the group answered a survey on a list of 12 heuristic biases created from the bibliographic review. Results showed that, in fact experts have a resistance to biases influence, mainly based in their academic and professional background, but also showed this influence is not exactly negligible. It was also possible to rank the heuristic biases in terms of importance and indicate that experts tend to concern with three hierarchical information characteristics when judging risk: at first, would be the form in which risk problems are presented; second, how they interpret information presented; and third, the amount of information presented.

An Egyptian Medical Officer and Qurʾān Commentator in Ottoman Syria

This article pays a particular attention to an Arab army physician and scholar from the mid-19th century who placed empirical science at the center of Islamic thought and situated it within Qurʾānic exegetical debates. He is the Egyptian Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Iskandarānī, a medical officer who ended up working in Ottoman Syria, and whose works were copied and printed (in)directly by the Ottomans. Apart from the limited information contained in previous scholarly literature, which, on the basis of his first commentary alone, repeatedly presents this commentator as one of the first people to have produced a “scientific interpretation of the Qurʾān”, little is known about his personal and professional background and the production of his commentaries. This study also sheds light on exegetical and intellectual directions produced outside Egypt in the 19th century.

Managing post-stroke fatigue: A qualitative study to explore multifaceted clinical perspectives

Introduction Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is common and debilitating. However, while its effective management is a priority for clinicians and stroke survivors, there remains little evidence to provide guidance or underpin practice. Our aim, therefore, was to gain insights into the experiences of clinicians who routinely manage patients with fatigue. Method Qualitative interview study. The target was to recruit a purposeful sample of approximately 20 participants with expertise in managing PSF and fatigue arising from other conditions. Maximum variation sampling was used to ensure a balance of participants across different settings. Data were analysed using a framework approach, iteratively developed and refined by including emergent themes. Results We recruited 20 participants: nine occupational therapists (OTs), five physiotherapists, three nurses and three psychologists, which included three ‘fatigue experts’ from Europe and Australia. Analysis generated core themes around management and strategies used; these were similar regardless of professional background, clinical or geographical setting or condition treated. OTs felt a particular responsibility for fatigue management, although multidisciplinary teamwork was stressed by all. Conclusion There are clear similarities in clinicians’ experiences of managing PSF and fatigue across different conditions and also across professional groups. Clinicians rely predominantly on their own clinical knowledge for guidance.

Role of Dutch internal policy advisors in a hospital quality improvement programme and their influence on nurses’ role development: a qualitative study

ObjectiveNurses are vital in providing and improving quality of care. To enhance the quality improvement (QI) competencies of nurses, hospitals in the Netherlands run developmental programmes generally led by internal policy advisors (IPAs). In this study, we identify the roles IPAs play during these programmes to enhance the development of nurses’ QI competencies and studied how these roles influenced nurses and management.DesignAn exploratory ethnographical study comprising observations, informal conversations, semistructured interviews, focus groups and a strategy evaluation meeting.SettingA teaching hospital in an urban region in the Netherlands.ParticipantsIPAs (n=7) in collaboration with four teams of nurses (n=131), team managers (n=4), senior managers (n=4) and the hospital director (n=1).ResultsWe identified five distinct advisory roles that IPAs perform in the hospital programme: gatekeeper, connector, converter, reflector and implementer. In describing these roles, we provide insights into how IPAs help nurses to develop QI competencies. The IPA’s professional background was a driving force for nurses’ QI role development. However, QI development was threatened if IPAs lost sight of different stakeholders’ interests and consequently lost their credibility. QI role development among nurses was also threatened if the IPA took on all responsibility instead of delegating it timely to managers and nurses.ConclusionsWe have shown how IPAs’ professional background and advisory knowledge connect organisational, managerial and professional aims and interests to enhance professionalisation of nurses.

Attitudes of nurses, physiotherapy assistants and masseurs towards low back pain treatment

PURPOSE: We evaluated the attitudes of nurses compared to physiotherapy assistants and medical masseurs (PAMs) regarding various treatment modalities used in the treatment of low-back pain (LBP) as their opinions might influence the patients’ attitudes to therapy. DESIGN: Cross sectional self-reported questionnaire survey. METHODS: 175 Hungarian health care providers completed questionnaires evaluating their opinions on the importance of various therapeutic interventions and the need for initiation of LBP treatment. Their personal LBP history and fear-avoidance beliefs (FABQ) were also investigated. FINDINGS: The importance of exercise therapy (p = 0.024) and massage (p < 0.01) was evaluated higher by the PAMs, while medication (p = 0.04) was scored higher by the nurses. Those who experienced moderate or severe LBP were more positive about pain medication than to those with mild pain (p = 0.048). Years in health care work had only a weak association with opinions. The nurses reported more fear-avoidance beliefs than the PAMs about both physical activity (p = 0.024) and work (p = 0.021). Those who experienced moderate or severe LBP had higher FABQ scores (p = 0,076), however the difference was significant only for FABQ activity (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that professional background and years of experience can influence the attitudes towards the importance of certain therapies, although these differences were small. Experiencing moderate or severe LBP increased the fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity independently of the professional background. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study draws the attention to the importance of standardization of the information to be passed to the patients and to the need of discussing personal experiences and beliefs during professional training.