scholarly journals Post- Modern elements in the novels of Chetan Bhagat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dr. Radha ◽  
Dr. Premalatha. C 
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Real Life ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Distant Observer ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
The Difference

Postmodernism is a Western philosophy, a late 20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power”.Post-Modernists are independent while expressing their ideas, they never drop their statements and theory. It is more personal than identify with some other categories. The post-modernism was started in America around 16th century later it extended to Europe and other countries.Post-modern civilization fails to accept the modification between high and low class. There is a little place for modernism, originality or individual thinking. Bhagat has concentrated on the preconceptions of toppers, however there is more to life than these things your family, your friends, your internal desires and goals and the grades you get in dealing with each of these areas will define you as a person.The post-modernism has defused the difference between good and bad, moral and immoral, right and wrong. If there is a choice to select modern generation would not hesitate to go for one which is traditionally named as bad. Bhagat imbibed all these qualities in his writing. His characters go against the traditional customs and values. Bhagat represents intricate, deeply engrained socio-cultural complications of multicultural India, light-heartedly. He wishes readers to giggle at themselves, at their stupidities, their partialities, and their wrong-actions; not as a member but as a distant observer. He doesn’t bout them directly, but through fiction he attempts to understand their errors and gives a chance to rectify in the real life. Bhagat’s linking story telling method and the funny situations appeal readers.

scholarly journals Place matters: geographical context, place belonging and the production of locality in Mediterranean Noirs

GeoJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Gabellieri
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Crime Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Geographical Discourse ◽  
Detective Stories ◽  
Narrative Medium ◽  
Geographical Context

AbstractScholars have been investigating detective stories and crime fiction mostly as literary works reflecting the societies that produced them and the movement from modernism to postmodernism. However, these genres have generally been neglected by literary geographers. In the attempt to fill such an epistemological vacuum, this paper examines and compare the function and importance of geography in both classic and late 20th century detective stories. Arthur Conan Doyle’s and Agatha Christie’s detective stories are compared to Mediterranean noir books by Manuel Montalbán, Andrea Camilleri and Jean Claude Izzo. While space is shown to be at the center of the investigations in the former two authors, the latter rather focus on place, that is space invested by the authors with meaning and feelings of identity and belonging. From this perspective, the article argues that detective investigations have become a narrative medium allowing the readership to explore the writer’s representation/construction of his own territorial context, or place-setting, which functions as a co-protagonist of the novel. In conclusion, the paper suggests that the emerging role of place in some of the later popular crime fiction can be interpreted as the result of writer’s sentiment of belonging and, according to Appadurai’s theory, as a literary and geographical discourse aimed at the production of locality.

scholarly journals PERANG BUBAT, REPRESENTASI SEJARAH ABAD 14 DAN RESEPSI SASTRANYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Yeni Mulyani Supriatin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap peristiwa Perang Bubat yang terjadi pada abad ke-14 atau tahun 1357 M dan resepsi sastranya. Masalah yang dibahas adalah bagaimana latar belakang terjadinya Perang Bubat, reaksi, dan tanggapannya. Teori yang digunakan adalah resepsi sastra. Metode untuk pengumpulan data adalah kualitatif dengan menerapkan prinsip resepsi sastra. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa terjadinya Perang Bubat adalah Raja Sunda tidak tunduk pada kehendak Gajah Mada dan Gajah Mada ingin menyatukan Nusantara. Resepsi sastra terhadap Perang Bubat dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3, yaitu resepsi dari aspek kesejarahannya, resepsi pengaruhnya terhadap penciptaan karya baru, dan resepsi terhadap struktur sastra.  Simpulan penelitian ini adalah peristiwa Bubat diresepsi setelah dua abad berlalu, yaitu pada abad ke-16  dan peristiwa tersebut diresepsi ulang pada abad ke-20-an. Hasil resepsi sastra  dari abad ke-18 sampai dengan abad ke-20 cukup beragam. Keberagaman resepsi itu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan horizon harapan pembaca.  This study aims to reveal the events of the Bubat War that occurred in the 14th century or the year 1357 AD and literary receptions that emerged after the incident occurred. The issue discussed is how the background of the Bubat War and the reactions and responses to the event through literary receptions. The theory used in analyzing data is literary receptions. The method used for data collection is qualitative by applying the principle of literary receptions. The results of this study illustrate that the background of the Bubat War have two versions and both controversial, the first version because the King of Sunda entourage do not obey to the will of Gajah Mada, on the other hand, the second version is that Gajah Mada tactics in unifying the archipelago while the Kingdom of Sunda is a state that has not been submitted. Literary receptions to the War of Bubat can be grouped into three, they are the reception of its historical aspect, the reception of its influence on the creation of new works, and the reception of the literary structure. The conclusion of this research is  Bubat event was perceived after two centuries passed, in the 16th century and the event was redrawn in the 20th century. Results of literary receptions in the 18th century until the 20th century quite diverse. The diversity of the receptions shows the difference in the horizon of readers' expectations.    

scholarly journals The process of Islamization of modern Turkish society in modern Turkish literature (on the example of Orhan Pamuk’s works)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-575
Author(s):  
Apollinaria S. Avrutina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
European Values ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Orhan Pamuk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Turkish Society

The article is an analysis of the work of the Turkish Nobel Laureate in Literature for 2006, Orhan Pamuk, in the context of the development of modern Turkish society. In recent decades, a process of moderate Islamization has been observed in Turkey, and if until the end of the 1990s the country aspired to Europe, the European community, and officially turned mainly to European values, now there is a reverse movement. European values to a certain extent dominated Turkish literature of the 20th century: various types of freedoms, equality and women’s rights, the secularization of society — the main themes of the leading Turkish novels of the 20th century. It is surprising that the current processes are rather poorly reflected in modern literature. Orhan Pamuk, one of the youngest Nobel laureates and the most famous Turkish writer of the 20th–21st centuries, is a liberal and supporter of Eurocentrism. At the beginning of his career, he played the role of the continuer of the work of a whole galaxy of Turkish authors, whose gaze, despite the difference in political convictions, was focused only on the West and its culture. However, now the diachronic analysis of all his novels shows a reflection of the current serious social changes. In recent novels, Orhan Pamuk, following Turkish society, demonstrates the inclination of his protagonists towards traditional Muslim values. It is obvious that what is happening is a general phenomenon, an example of a deep tendency in the Middle East Muslim culture in general.

Approaching the Invisible

2022 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
John Christopher Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Spiritual Emergency ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
The Invisible

In modern times, Western philosophy eschews any metaphysical or occult references to invisible reality as being culturally obsolete. Modern culture now privileges language that reflects our unshakeable allegiance to materialism in which the things of the world no longer have any depth of meaning. This chapter compares two modern cultural approaches to invisible reality emerging in the late 20th century in response to the growing world-wide crisis of meaninglessness. The first approach gathers many different methodologies under the umbrella term The New Materialism. The second approach focusses on initiatory experiences once known as Spiritual Emergency. Both approaches are moving us towards a new understanding of matter, based on the reality of the invisible. Throughout the chapter, the author will italicise words such as “invisible,” “life,” “alive,” “alien,” “ether,” “spatial,” “virtual,” “fluid,” and “absence” in order to refer to a new kind of fluid, living, invisible matter that we are bringing to language in modern times.

scholarly journals A new role of unruly product design based on “Transformed Objects” design approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Athanasios Manavis ◽  
Nikoleta Kapakiari ◽  
Gheorghe Oancea
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Basic Image ◽  
Modification Of Materials

Nowadays, the movement of Post-Modernism, which appeared in 20th century, influences the art and the design of products. It is considered that the investigation and the undermining, which construct the modern society, compel a traditional prioritization based on cultural values. Furthermore, today the main effect is the image as the users opt to purchase their products by the appearance that is more substantial than the usage. For that reason, the alteration of daily products is the cause of this paper so that the consumers feel confused by them. Namely the basic image of a product may be the same as or similar to an original object, but it may alter the use of it. The viewer should interpret the image differently such as his experience and his belief. In addition, the change of visual messages can be achieved by the complexity of geometry, the combination of objects and the modification of materials. This is defined by the movement of Unruly design that aims for offering a new aesthetic of products. Finally, the goal of this paper is to present a number of illustrative case studies, which ensure an appropriate interface relationship between the art and product design.

scholarly journals SPECIAL ISSUE INTRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
Dawn Chatty
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Salvage Operation ◽  
Memory Culture

Academic interest in the study of forced migration as a specific field developed only in the late 20th century. But its conceptual tools had a much earlier incarnation in the United States. In the early 20th century historical linguistic and ethnographic research was being conducted with Native American peoples who had been subjected to massive ethnic cleansings in the preceding two centuries. Much of that early work was with tribes who had been displaced, dispossessed, and involuntarily marched into resource-poor reservations. The scientists working with them thought they were engaging in a kind of salvage operation to record ways of life before they disappeared. These researchers largely ignored or failed to recognize the impacts of displacement—destroyed settlements, land occupation, nonviable reservations, inadequate welfare, and hostile administrations and lack of legal rights—and focused instead on trying to reconstruct memory culture of “what life was like in the old days.” Nevertheless, these studies gave us many of our basic concepts to describe and analyze the experience of uprootedness and dispossession. These fundamental concepts have become important in the discipline of forced migration studies. They include understandings of: role and identity, hierarchy, social networks, conflict mechanisms, reciprocity and trust, boundary creation, rites of passage, liminality, and the role of myths.

scholarly journals Presence, flow, and narrative absorption: an interdisciplinary theoretical exploration with a new spatiotemporal integrated model based on predictive processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Federico Pianzola ◽  
Giuseppe Riva ◽  
Karin Kukkonen ◽  
Fabrizia Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Media Design ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
The Difference

Presence, flow, narrative absorption, immersion, transportation, and similar subjective phenomena are studied in many different disciplines, mostly in relation to mediated experiences (books, film, VR, games). Moreover, since real, virtual, or fictional agents are often involved, concepts like identification and state empathy are often linked to engaging media use. Based on a scoping review that identified similarities in the wording of various questionnaire items conceived to measure different phenomena, we categorize items into the most relevant psychological aspects and use this categorization to propose an interdisciplinary systematization. Then, based on a framework of embodied predictive processing, we present a new cognitive model of presence-related phenomena for mediated and non-mediated experiences, integrating spatial and temporal aspects and also considering the role of fiction and media design. Key processes described within the model are: selective attention, enactment of intentions, and interoception. We claim that presence is the state of perceived successful agency of an embodied mind able to correctly enact its predictions. The difference between real-life and simulated experiences (“book problem,” “paradox of fiction”) lays in the different precision weighting of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals.

scholarly journals Art in the Age of Globalisation: Dialogue of Cultures (Ural Opera Ballet Theatre’s Production of the Opera Tri Sestry)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Andrey G. Shishkin ◽  
Olga O. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Great Time ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Artistic Director ◽  
Three Sisters

The article explores the dialogics of art and the role of art as a tool of dialogue between cultures on the example of the Ural Opera Ballet Theatre’s recent stage production of the opera Tri Sestry (Three Sisters), which demonstrates a successful interaction between different cultural traditions.Interpreting Chekhov’s play from a late 20th century perspective, Hungarian composer Peter Eötvös presented new responses to the questions that tormented the play’s characters one hundred years ago. In his work, which blends French and German avant-garde techniques with structural elements drawn from film narrative and the Japanese Noh theatre tradition, he added a radically new dimension to Chekhov’s play. As a result, he was able to open up latent meanings the play within the great time space proposed by the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin. In turn, Christopher Alden (USA), the Artistic Director of the Ural Opera Ballet production, merged voices from different artistic traditions into a new contemporary musical image.

scholarly journals SUKUK AND BONDS IN INDONESIA: AN OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Doli Witro ◽  
Iwan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
The Difference

From the early 1920s to the late 20th century, there were at least 25 financial crises globally. In 2018, the Global Islamic Finance Report reported that Indonesia has tremendous potential to develop Islamic finance. Some of the Islamic financial products that can be developed in Indonesia are bonds and sukuk. Bonds are a product of the capital market. In its development, bonds have undergone relatively rapid innovation, which provides room for issuing Islamic bonds known as sukuk. This paper discusses the difference between sukuk and bonds. This paper aims to look at the differences between sukuk and bonds and the opportunities for issuance, application, and development of sukuk in Indonesia. This research is qualitative research that is literature. As for obtaining comprehensive results, this study uses two approaches consisting of a socio-historical approach and content analysis. The analysis results show that sukuk are in principle the same as bonds, with the main differences, among others, in the use of the concept of return and profit-sharing as a substitute for interest. Keywords: Sukuk; Bond; Sharia Bonds; Capital market; Indonesia

scholarly journals William Golding's Free Fall as a Künstlerroman

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Noura Al-Madi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Art School

Psychoanalysis has been a research field for authors a long time ago. The human psyche is complicated; it is a mix of emotions, instincts, actions ad reactions. The 20th century is revolutionary, new inventions and discoveries were trending, with the new way of living people started to lose faith. William Golding's Free Fall as Künstlerroman is tracing the development of the artist Sammy Mountjoy's character from childhood until he matures. The things he faced and the factors that reshaped his life. He was chastened by suffering as he learned from the school of life. In this non-thesis paper, a study of the character of Sammy as he grows up is explored with examining the factors that affected his personality. The introduction illustrates Künstlerroman as a subgenre of Bildungsroman and explains them as a theoretical framework, the difference between them and their characteristics. Also, it discusses psychoanalysis definition. Chapter I will focus on Sammy's childhood living in Rotten Row and his friends, the role of his parents and moving to the art school where he met Beatrice. Chapter II will discuss Sammy the man when he was investigated in prison. It deals with mature Sammy who wants to fix his mistakes and feels free from guilt.

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