scholarly journals Gut microbiota as a factor in epigenetic programming of the phenotypes of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
К. О. Shyshkan-Shyshova ◽  
O. V. Zinych
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype

Recent advances in molecular and genetic research have illuminated the mechanisms of interaction between genes and the environment, which are partially mediated by so-called epigenetic modifications. These changes do not affect the primary structure of genes’ DNA, but cause persistent changes in their expression, which can be inherited by subsequent generations and determine the formation of the corresponding metabolic phenotype. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus develop on the basis of insulin resistance in the presence of a genetic predisposition under the influence of external factors, including environmental influences and lifestyle characteristics, in particular dietary habits. Today it has been proven that changes in the profile of intestinal microbiota is an important modifiable factor in the development of dysmetabolic states. Gut microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of many metabolic processes, inflammation, the activity of the immune system and the general state of the body. Diets enriched with fats and carbohydrates have been found to result in the decreased diversity and changes in gut microbiota composition, such as decreased levels of Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes. The accumulated data of clinical and experimental studies indicate a link between disorders in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome (dysbiosis) and obesity, impaired glycemic control, and, consequently, the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. These induced epigenetic modifications are regulated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate), cysteine, mercaptans, which can influence epigenetic processes through their effects on DNA methylation, acetylation and histone modification. Moreover, the direct effects of the microbial environment on the secretion of incretins by intestinal enteroendocrine cells play an important role. The review discusses some of the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications through which the microbiota influences the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolic Profiling in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixi Zhou ◽  
Zheng Zheng ◽  
Xiaojing Xiong ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Jingying Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Recent evidence suggests there is a link between metabolic diseases and gut microbiota. To investigate the gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic phenotype in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. DNA was extracted from 50 fecal samples (21 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated retinopathy (DR), 14 with type 2 diabetes mellitus but without retinopathy (DM) and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls) and then sequenced by high-throughput 16S rDNA analysis. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics was simultaneously performed on the samples. A significant difference in the gut microbiota composition was observed between the DR and healthy groups and between the DR and DM groups. At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Lachnospira and Romboutsia were enriched in DR patients compared to healthy individuals, while Akkermansia was depleted. Compared to those in the DM patient group, five genera, including Prevotella, were enriched, and Bacillus, Veillonella, and Pantoea were depleted in DR patients. Fecal metabolites in DR patients significantly differed from those in the healthy population and DM patients. The levels of carnosine, succinate, nicotinic acid and niacinamide were significantly lower in DR patients than in healthy controls. Compared to those in DM patients, nine metabolites were enriched, and six were depleted in DR patients. KEGG annotation revealed 17 pathways with differentially abundant metabolites between DR patients and healthy controls, and only two pathways with differentially abundant metabolites were identified between DR and DM patients, namely, the arginine-proline and α-linolenic acid metabolic pathways. In a correlation analysis, armillaramide was found to be negatively associated with Prevotella and Subdoligranulum and positively associated with Bacillus. Traumatic acid was negatively correlated with Bacillus. Our study identified differential gut microbiota compositions and characteristic fecal metabolic phenotypes in DR patients compared with those in the healthy population and DM patients. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic phenotype were relevant. We speculated that the gut microbiota in DR patients may cause alterations in fecal metabolites, which may contribute to disease progression, providing a new direction for understanding DR.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota influence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Cunningham ◽  
J. W. Stephens ◽  
D. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Altered Glucose

AbstractA strong and expanding evidence base supports the influence of gut microbiota in human metabolism. Altered glucose homeostasis is associated with altered gut microbiota, and is clearly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications. Understanding the causal association between gut microbiota and metabolic risk has the potential role of identifying susceptible individuals to allow early targeted intervention.

An alcohol-free beer enriched with isomaltulose and a resistant dextrin modulates gut microbiome in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Mateo-Gallego ◽  
Isabel Moreno-Indias ◽  
Ana M. Bea ◽  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Antonio J. Fumanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Resistant Dextrin ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

An alcohol-free beer including the substitution of regular carbohydrates for low doses of isomaltulose and maltodextrin within meals significantly impacts gut microbiota in diabetic subjects with overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals STUDY OF HBA1C, LIPID PROFILE AND CYCLOPHILIN-A IN DIABETES MELLITUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Badade ZG ◽  
Sandeep Rai ◽  
Badade VZ
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cyclophilin A ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glucose Levels

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when not enough insulin is produced by the pancreas or the body does not use the insulin produced. Because of increased blood glucose levels in the body, serious heart, kidneys, blood vessels, nerves and eyes damage are caused. Report says about 400 million people suffer from diabetes. Therefore present study is aimed to assess levels of HbA1c, Lipid profile and Cyclophilin A in diabetic patient. Material and Methods: The present study includes total 126 subjects comprising of 66 type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and 60 healthy individual. Blood samples are collected from the all subjects were processed for HbA1c, Lipid Profile and Cyclophilin A estimation, from OPD and General Medicine Wards. HbA1c is estimated by HPLC, lipid Profile by AU480 and the Cyclophilin A by ELISA method using commercially available Qayee-bio ELISA kit. Conclusion: Present study showed significantly increased levels of HbA1c, Lipid Profile and Cyclophilin A in T2DM patients. The elevated lipid profile may be due to the complication of Diabetic mellitus. CyA is increased as an inflammation marker. Keywords: T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c: Glycosylated Hemoglobin, CyA: Cyclophilin-A

Gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo ◽  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
Safar Farajnia ◽  
Dariush Shanehbandi ◽  
Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

scholarly journals Gut microbiota imbalances in Tunisian participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriem Fassatoui ◽  
Mireia Lopez-Siles ◽  
Diana A. Díaz-Rizzolo ◽  
Haifa Jmel ◽  
Chokri Naouali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Abstract Gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and host’s metabolism. We aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of Tunisian participants with and without diabetes. We enrolled ten participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), ten patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 11 subjects without diabetes. Bacteria was quantified in fecal samples by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Statistical tests and multivariate analysis were performed using RStudio program. Results showed that the proportions of Firmicutes, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P≤0.041), as well as, the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes decreased in participants with T1DM compared with those without diabetes (p = 0.036). Participants with T2DM presented a reduction in the amounts of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii compared with those without diabetes (P≤0.036). Furthermore, A muciniphila is negatively correlated with glucose level (P=0.022) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P=0.035). Multivariate analysis revealed that participants with diabetes formed a cluster apart compared with those without diabetes. In conclusion the gut bacteria of Tunisian participants with diabetes was altered. The gut bacterial profile, especially the distribution of A muciniphila in participants with diabetes was affected by glycemic dysregulation. The investigation of the gut microbiota may help clinicians to improve diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and its complications.

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