scholarly journals Muslim Wives’ Intention to Undertake an HIV test: A Conceptual Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Yeni L. N. Agnes ◽  
Sri Haryuni ◽  
Kun Ika Nur Rahayu ◽  
Ifana Anugraheni
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Tentative Model ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Concept Validation ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: The intention in the Theory of Planned Behavior is preceded by attitude, perceived control, and subjective norm. This theory had been applied to hundreds of studies from many disciplines.  However, when a nurse applies this theory, it requires a detail description related to Muslim wives’ intention to undertake an HIV test. This detailed concept development will help nurses in employing the nursing process accurately to achieve the target of Prevention from Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program. Purpose: The study aims to develop a model of Muslim wives’ intention to undertake an HIV test. Methods: Concept validation of Muslim wives’ intention to undertake an HIV test was traced by using keywords “intention”, “willingness”, “desire”, “HIV tests”, “readiness”, “commitment”, “woman and HIV/AIDS”, “awareness”, in EBSCO, CINAHL, and Proquest. Results: The concept of Muslim wives’ intention was developed from existing theories as deductive origin and literature reviews as an inductive origin. The concept consists of many antecedents that being categorized into two categories includes internal and external factors and six sub-categories as follows internal commitment, knowledge, ethical values, risk perception, demographic factor and subjective norms.  Both attribute and consequence key words each have one category. Conclusion:  The tentative model can be generalized for other settings or situations.  There is no specification that this model just for a specific gender or specific situation.

scholarly journals National-level effectiveness of ART to prevent early mother to child transmission of HIV in Namibia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0233341
Author(s):  
Andrew Agabu ◽  
Andrew L. Baughman ◽  
Christa Fischer-Walker ◽  
Michael de Klerk ◽  
Nicholus Mutenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
National Level ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Background Namibia introduced the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (MTCT) program in 2002 and lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant women (option B-plus) in 2013. We sought to quantify MTCT measured at 4–12 weeks post-delivery. Methods During Aug 2014-Feb 2015, we recruited a nationally representative sample of 1040 pairs of mother and infant aged 4–12 weeks at routine immunizations in 60 public health clinics using two stage sampling approach. Of these, 864 HIV exposed infants had DNA-PCR HIV test results available. We defined an HIV exposed infant if born to an HIV-positive mother with documented status or diagnosed at enrollment using rapid HIV tests. Dried Blood Spots samples from HIV exposed infants were tested for HIV. Interview data and laboratory results were collected on smartphones and uploaded to a central database. We measured MTCT prevalence at 4–12 weeks post-delivery and evaluated associations between infant HIV infection and maternal and infant characteristics including maternal treatment and infant prophylaxis. All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design. Results Based on the 864 HIV exposed infants with test results available, nationally weighted early MTCT measured at 4–12 weeks post-delivery was 1.74% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00%-3.01%). Overall, 62% of mothers started ART pre-conception, 33.6% during pregnancy, 1.2% post-delivery and 3.2% never received ART. Mothers who started ART before pregnancy and during pregnancy had low MTCT prevalence, 0.78% (95% CI: 0.31%-1.96%) and 0.98% (95% CI: 0.33%-2.91%), respectively. MTCT rose to 4.13% (95% CI: 0.54%-25.68%) when the mother started ART after delivery and to 11.62% (95% CI: 4.07%-28.96%) when she never received ART. The lowest MTCT of 0.76% (95% CI: 0.36% - 1.61%) was achieved when mother received ART and ARV prophylaxis within 72hrs for infant and highest 22.32% (95%CI: 2.78% -74.25%) when neither mother nor infant received ARVs. After adjusting for mother’s age, maternal ART (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.29) and infant ARV prophylaxis (PR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10–0.998) remained strong predictors of HIV transmission. Conclusion As of 2015, Namibia achieved MTCT of 1.74%, measured at 4–12 weeks post-delivery. Women already on ART pre-conception had the lowest prevalence of MTCT emphasizing the importance of early HIV diagnosis and treatment initiation before pregnancy. Studies are needed to measure MTCT and maternal HIV seroconversion during breastfeeding.

Promoting physics in action thru “Laro Ng Lahi-Based” physics activities

2015 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Marc Vener del Carmen ◽  
Ferdinand Diano ◽  
Marie Paz E. Morales ◽  
Abel Ole
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Science Curriculum ◽  
Introductory Physics ◽  
Physics Students ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Filipino Culture ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Expert Ratings ◽  
Classroom Use

Culture and game-based physics activities are anticipated to promote active and fun learning of physics concepts. The study features non-conventional design and development of physics activities using traditional Filipino games also known as “Laro ng Lahi”. These non-conventional processes in the development comprise literature reviews, document analyses, and interviews. The eight developed “Laro ng Lahi”-based physics activities are presented as activity pack intended for highschool physics and introductory physics students. Key features of these activities include standard and synchronized rules and game mechanics, aligned and matched competencies in the K+12 science curriculum, inclination to student conceptual development, penchant for the preservation of Filipino culture and traditions, comprehensible texts and procedures and use of locally-available or indigenous materials. Results of the development study show that the “Laro ng Lahi”-based physics activities are content valid based on expert ratings (4.74 out of 5) with moderate to substantial agreement for the inter-rater reliability and an excellent over-all reliability index (0.90) suggesting a good and standard supplementary and support material for classroom use and for a wider goal of promoting active physics learning – Physics in Action.Keywords: Laro ng Lahi, culture-based, game-based, physics activities, material development

scholarly journals BARRIERS TO PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV SERVICES IN UGANDA

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. MBONYE ◽  
K. S. HANSEN ◽  
F. WAMONO ◽  
P. MAGNUSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child

SummaryUnderstanding care-seeking practices and barriers to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is necessary in designing effective programmes to address the high disease burden due to HIV/AIDS in Uganda. This study explored perceptions, care-seeking practices and barriers to PMTCT among young and HIV-positive women. A household survey (10,706 women aged 14–49 years), twelve focus group discussions and 66 key informant interviews were carried out between January and April 2009 in Wakiso district, central Uganda. Results show that access to PMTCT services (family planning, HIV counselling and testing and delivery at health units) was poor. Decision making was an important factor in accessing PMTCT services. Socioeconomic factors (wealth quintile, age, education level) and institutional practices also influenced access to PMTCT. Overall, having had an HIV test was highest when both men and women made decisions together or when women were empowered to make their own decisions. This was significant across wealth quintiles (p=0.0001), age groups (p=0.0001) and education levels (p=0.0001). The least level of HIV testing was when men made decisions for their spouses; and this was the case with family planning and deliveries at health units. Other barriers to PMTCT were fear of women and male spouses to have an HIV test and the perception that HIV testing is compulsory in antenatal clinics. In conclusion, to increase access to PMTCT among women, especially the young, poor and least educated, there is a need to empower them to make decisions on health seeking, and also to empower men to support their spouses to make good decisions. Other barriers like fear of having an HIV test should be addressed through appropriate counselling of clients.

scholarly journals Progress towards Elimination of HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission in the Dominican Republic from 1999 to 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Lorenzo ◽  
Consuelo M. Beck-Sagué ◽  
Claudia Bautista-Soriano ◽  
Mina Halpern ◽  
José Roman-Poueriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Single Dose Nevirapine ◽  
Mother To Child

In 1999, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pMTCT) using antiretrovirals was introduced in the Dominican Republic (DR). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced for immunosuppressed persons in 2004 and for pMTCT in 2008. To assess progress towards MTCT elimination, data from requisitions for HIV nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of HIV infection in perinatally exposed infants born in the DR from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed. The MTCT rate was 142/1,274 (11.1%) in 1999–2008 and 12/302 (4.0%) in 2009–2011 (P<.001), with a rate of 154/1,576 (9.8%) for both periods combined. This decline was associated with significant increases in the proportions of women who received prenatal HAART (from 12.3% to 67.9%) and infants who received exclusive formula feeding (from 76.3% to 86.1%) and declines in proportions of women who received no prenatal antiretrovirals (from 31.9% to 12.2%) or received only single-dose nevirapine (from 39.5% to 19.5%). In 2007, over 95% of DR pregnant women received prenatal care, HIV testing, and professionally attended delivery. However, only 58% of women in underserved sugarcane plantation communities (2007) and 76% in HIV sentinel surveillance hospitals (2003–2005) received their HIV test results. HIV-MTCT elimination is feasible but persistent lack of access to critical pMTCT measures must be addressed.

scholarly journals Site factors may be more important than participant factors in explaining HIV test acceptance in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in Kenya, 2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1215-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Anand ◽  
Ray W. Shiraishi ◽  
Abdullahi Ahmed Sheikh ◽  
Lawrence H. Marum ◽  
Omotayo Bolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals THE OUTCOME OF PMTCT GUIDELINE IMPLEMENTATION TOWARDS THE PROGRAM PERFORMANCE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF HIV TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER TO CHILD IN DENPASAR CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-143
Author(s):  
Lely Wahyuniar
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child

UNAIDS report on the level of HIV transmission from mother to child shows that Indonesia is in the highest rank in the world. This study aims to conduct rapid assessment about the full extent of PMTCT program and services in Denpasar City, Bali. This study located Denpasar City as a capital of Bali with high HIV cases and currently apply PMTCT services. The study conducted through FGDs, in-depth interview and observation in the primary health centers and hospitals. The data was validated by triangulating data from several sources. The results showed that the there is no specific local policy for PMTCT programs and services. There is no PMTCT program management guideline or SOP for PMTCT services at the Health Office and primary health centers. In Denpasar City there are already 5 primary health centers that provide comprehensive HIV and AIDS prevention and treatment services (LKB), and this includes providing PMTCT services consisting of HIV testing and ARV treatment for pregnant women. However, there is no ARV treatment for infant, this service must be obtained at general hospital through a referral mechanism. There is funding from local government (APBD) to buy diagnostic test for HIV and to capacity strengthening of human resources, but no support for further laboratory examinations. The empowerment for midwives to be involved in PMTCT program is limited, there has never been a comprehensive training on PMTCT and no empowerment of private practice midwives for PMTCT. The assistance’s activities to ensure ARV adherence is limited. There has been assistance for HIV positive mothers by NGOs in Denpasar City. Women with HIV still get stigma and discrimination from the community and health workers. There are also some challenges in data input, including error in inputting the data that need permission to edit it. It is recommended to improve: the HIV test coverage to 100% for pregnant women (for the first 90); the coverage and quality of ARV treatment (for the second 90); the capacity of PMTCT human resources; the commitment of local government; and data utilization.

scholarly journals Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Child: Challenges to the Successful Program Implementation and Practice in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 232595822110407
Author(s):  
Kemal Nazaruddin Siregar ◽  
Laily Hanifah ◽  
Rikawarastuti ◽  
Lely Wahyuniar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child

Introduction: The level of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from mother to child in Indonesia ranks first worldwide. Newborn babies in Indonesia are at greater risk of experiencing the burden of HIV infection than babies born in other countries. Objectives: To explore the full extent of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) in South Sulawesi Province in 2020 and to discuss program and policy implications for PMTCT. Methods: This is a health system analysis study with a qualitative approach using focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, and observations in primary health centers and hospitals. Results: There is no local policy and guidelines for PMTCT programs and services; the coverage of HIV testing in pregnant women has not achieved 100% according to the target. There are limitations to human resources in public and private services to conduct the program. The assistance’s activities to ensure antiretroviral (ARV) adherence are limited, and HIV-positive women faced stigma and discrimination, not only from the community but also from health workers. Recommendations: Some recommendations are to improve the HIV test coverage to 100% in pregnant women as well as the coverage and quality of ARV treatment.

scholarly journals Private Midwives’ Perceptions on Barriers and Enabling Factors to Voluntary Counselling and HIV Test (VCT) in Bali, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinar Saurmauli Lubis ◽  
LPL Wulandari ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Suariyani ◽  
Kadek Tresna Adhi ◽  
Sari Andajani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Depth Interviews

In Indonesia, more than half of pregnant women seek antenatal care (ANC) at private midwifery clinics. The midwives play an important role in advocating for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) uptake among pregnant women during ANC. This study examined midwives’ perception of barriers and enabling factors with regards to refer pregnant women for HIV testing. The study was conducted in Denpasar City and Badung District, two localities in Bali with high HIV prevalence. Two focus groups discussions with 15 private midwives and five in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis methods were used to examine patterns emerging from the data. Results showed that private midwives face personal barriers in the form of stigma as well as institutional barriers such as VCT operational hours that limit how and when they refer women for VCT. Barriers are strengthened by lack of support or reward from the health office. However, opportunities for integrated and comprehensive support systems within the health system and supportive social environment which would make it easy and rewarding for midwives to refer women to VCT clinics were seen as enabling factors. Increasing uptake of VCT is a necessity for eliminating mother to child HIV transmission. 

scholarly journals HIV Retesting of HIV-Negative Pregnant Women in the Context of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Primary Health Centers in Rural Zambia: What Did We Learn?

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821882353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Mandala ◽  
Prisca Kasonde ◽  
Titilope Badru ◽  
Rebecca Dirks ◽  
Kwasi Torpey
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: This observational study describes implementation of HIV retesting of HIV-negative women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Zambia. Methods: Uptake of retesting and PMTCT services were compared across age, parity, and weeks of gestation at the time of the first HIV test, antiretrovirals regime, and HIV early diagnosis results from infants born to HIV-positive mothers. Results: A total of 19 090 pregnant women were tested for HIV at their first antenatal visit, 16 838 tested HIV-negative and were offered retesting 3 months later: 11 339 (67.3%) were retested; of those, 55 (0.5%) were HIV positive. Uptake of the PMTCT package by women HIV positive at retest was not different but HIV-exposed infants born to women who retested HIV positive were infected at a higher rate (11.1%) compared to those born to women who tested HIV positive at their initial test (3.2%). Conclusion: We suggest rigorously (1) measuring the proportion of MTCT attributable to women who seroconvert during pregnancy and possibly adjust PMTCT approaches and (2) addressing the substantial loss to follow-up of HIV-negative pregnant women before HIV retesting.

The effect of the COVID-19 crisis on the perception of digitisation in the purchasing process: customers and retailers perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Dvorak ◽  
Lenka Komarkova ◽  
Lukas Stehlik
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Purpose The market for goods and services is a continually changing environment influenced by many internal and external factors. The majority of economies in the World were deeply hit by the coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) in the first half of 2020. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the role of a crisis, COVID-19 in this case, in moderating the market environment and its ability to accelerate or slow down ongoing processes. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was used to obtain the opinions of 100 customers and 100 local retailers on the digitisation of the shopping process in a medium-sized Czech town. After the first wave of crisis faded away, the respondents reflected on their opinions before, during and after the crisis. The data were processed using linear mixed models respecting repeated measures. Findings The crisis seems to have shifted the interest of both groups towards e-commerce but it did not change the disproportion in opinions between them. The interest of customers was significantly higher, even after the crisis. Research limitations/implications The credibility of the results is limited mainly by the one-time gathering of the data after the crisis. However, the results indicate a persistent challenge to which small retailers are exposed. Originality/value The originality of the results comes from the specific situation brought about by the COVID-19 crisis and the structure of respondents, enabling us to catch an immediate shift of opinions caused by the crisis and to compare the changes in both groups of respondents.

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