scholarly journals Effect of Piper nigrum (Linn.) seeds extract and second line anti-tuberculosis drugs on a few Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
G. V. Zodape ◽  
S. N. Dharmashale ◽  
V. S. Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Amino Salicylic Acid ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Proportion Method

Piper nigrum (Linn.) belonging to the family Piperaceae have been reported for its multitudinous medicinal values. The present study was undertaken to examine the direct effect of Ethionamide (ETH), Para amino salicylic acid (PAS), ethanolic extracts of P. nigrum on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain H37Rv and Multi drug-resistant (MDR)-strains-12, 19 and 21. The proportion method was used to detect the anti-mycobacterial drug susceptibility testing for mycobacteria using Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium. It was found that P. nigrum does not interfere with single or in the combination of both ETH and PAS showing the bioenhancer activity. In vitro study of ethanolic extract of P. nigrum observed that the extract inhibited the growth of H37Rv strains and MDR strains-12, MDR strains 19, and MDR strains 21. The present results will pave new avenues to find a new medicine that possesses P. nigrum alone or in combination with drugs to combat MDR-strains controlling tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Occurrence ofrpoBMutations in Isoniazid-Resistant but Rifampin-Susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 590-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sönke Andres ◽  
Doris Hillemann ◽  
Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes ◽  
Elvira Richter
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indicator Tube ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
Rifampin Resistance ◽  
Growth Indicator

ABSTRACTFour out of 143 phenotypically isoniazid-resistant but rifampin-susceptibleMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains that were isolated from patients in Germany in 2011 had mutations in the rifampin resistance-determining region ofrpoB. After performing drug susceptibility testing (DST) with two methods, the proportion method on Löwenstein-Jensen medium and using the Bactec 960 Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube system, we conclude that the two methods are equally reliable for phenotypic DST and MIC determination.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Rifampicin Resistance Conferring Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 0444
Author(s):  
Fairuz Tawgozy et al.
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
Rpoa Gene ◽  
First Time

Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifampicin is mainly mediated through mutations in the rpoB gene. The effects of rpoB mutations are relieved by secondary mutations in rpoA or rpoC genes. This study aims to identify mutations in rpoB, rpoA, and rpoC genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and clarify their contribution to rifampicin resistance. Seventy isolates were identified by acid-fast bacilli smear, Genexpert assay, and growth on Lowenstein Jensen medium. Drug susceptibility, testing was performed by the proportional method.  DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing were accomplished for the entire rpoA, rpoB, and rpoC genes. Twenty-three isolates (32.85%) showed resistance to rifampicin by either proportion method or Genexpert assay. Sequence analysis of the rpoB gene revealed fourteen different mutation patterns. Inside the rifampicin resistance determining region (RRDR), codons: S531L, D516V were highly mutated with frequencies of (21.73%, 17.39%) respectively. Outside the RRDR, there were nine different types of mutations, and M479L was the most prevalent one. Out of 23 RIF resistant isolates, seven isolates (30.43%) carried mutations in the rpoA gene, and twelve isolates (52.17%) harbored a mutation in rpoC. Most of the mutations were identified for the first time in this study. The current study demonstrated that mutations in rpoB, rpoA, and rpoC contributed to RIF resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and this new finding may be relevant to realize how compensatory mutations in the rpoA and rpoC genes restore the fitness cost caused by rifampin resistance-conferring mutations in rpoB.

Comparison of MB/BacT system and agar proportion method in drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Wai Yew ◽  
Steena Ching Wa Tong ◽  
Kin Sang Lui ◽  
Simon Kwok Fai Leung ◽  
Chi Hung Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Proportion Method

scholarly journals Wild-Type and Non-Wild-Type Mycobacterium tuberculosis MIC Distributions for the Novel Fluoroquinolone Antofloxacin Compared with Those for Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 5232-5237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yu ◽  
Guirong Wang ◽  
Suting Chen ◽  
Guomei Wei ◽  
Yuanyuan Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

ABSTRACTAntofloxacin (AFX) is a novel fluoroquinolone that has been approved in China for the treatment of infections caused by a variety of bacterial species. We investigated whether it could be repurposed for the treatment of tuberculosis by studying itsin vitroactivity. We determined the wild-type and non-wild-type MIC ranges for AFX as well as ofloxacin (OFX), levofloxacin (LFX), and moxifloxacin (MFX), using the microplate alamarBlue assay, of 126 clinicalMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains from Beijing, China, of which 48 were OFX resistant on the basis of drug susceptibility testing on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. The MIC distributions were correlated with mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions ofgyrA(Rv0006) andgyrB(Rv0005). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data for AFX were retrieved from the literature. AFX showed lower MIC levels than OFX but higher MIC levels than LFX and MFX on the basis of the tentative epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) determined in this study. All strains with non-wild-type MICs for AFX harbored known resistance mutations that also resulted in non-wild-type MICs for LFX and MFX. Moreover, our data suggested that the current critical concentration of OFX for Löwenstein-Jensen medium that was recently revised by the World Health Organization might be too high, resulting in the misclassification of phenotypically non-wild-type strains with known resistance mutations as wild type. On the basis of our exploratory PK/PD calculations, the current dose of AFX is unlikely to be optimal for the treatment of tuberculosis, but higher doses could be effective.

scholarly journals A chemiluminescent protease probe for rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive detection of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett M. Babin ◽  
Gabriela Fernandez-Cuervo ◽  
Jessica Sheng ◽  
Ori Green ◽  
Alvaro A. Ordonez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Tb Diagnostics

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a top-ten cause of death worldwide. Successful treatment is often limited by insufficient diagnostic capabilities, especially at the point of care in low-resource settings. The ideal diagnostic must be fast, cheap, and require minimal clinical resources while providing high sensitivity, selectivity, and the ability to differentiate live from dead bacteria. We describe here the development of a Fast, Luminescent, and Affordable Sensor of Hip1 (FLASH) for the diagnosis and monitoring of drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). FLASH is a selective chemiluminescent substrate for the Mtb protease Hip1 that when processed, produces visible light that can be measured with a high signal to noise ratio using inexpensive sensors. FLASH is sensitive to fmol of recombinant Hip1 enzyme in vitro and can detect as few as thousands of Mtb cells in culture or in human sputum samples within minutes. The probe is highly selective for Mtb compared to other non-tuberculous mycobacteria and can distinguish live from dead cells. Importantly, FLASH can be used to measure antibiotic killing of Mtb in culture with greatly accelerated timelines compared to traditional protocols. Overall, FLASH has the potential to enhance both TB diagnostics and drug resistance monitoring in resource-limited settings.One Sentence SummaryA luminescent probe enables sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and drug susceptibility testing.

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Different Leaf Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum Linn for Anti-tubercular Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Arti Gupta ◽  
Sonia Pandey ◽  
Bharat Variya ◽  
Shailesh Shah ◽  
Jitendra Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Vitro Model

Background: Tuberculosis is a greatest threat to human health. It requires urgent need to seek new devise alternate strategies and ant-tubercular compounds. In the present scenario, Nonmaterias, have opened new avenues in medicine, diagnosis and therapeutics. Objective: In view of this, the current study aims to synthesize gold nanoparticles and determine its efficacy to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) synthesized from medicinal plant, such as Ocimum gratissimum linn, were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV strain). Gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, SEM and TEM. TEM results revealed that the GNPs were found spherical in structure and around 10-25 nm in diameter. UV-Vis spectroscopy exhibited an absorption peak at 348 nm. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy showed the GNPs have coated with phytoconstituents (terpenoids) that indicate the role of bio-molecules responsible for efficient stabilization and capping of the gold nanoparticles. In vitro model was designed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each sample by Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) slope method. Results: The results showed that the presence of ursolic acid in ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts was found to be 2.89% and 1.97%, respectively. GNPs of ethanolic and hydroalcoholic exhibited anti-tubercular activity, with MIC 2.5 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml, respectively. While ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts showed such activity at concentrations 50 µg/ml and 75 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: GNPs synthesized from ethanolic extract showed profound efficiency to kill mycobacteria. As in this method no chemical reagents were used, the synthesized gold nanoparticles have potential for biological applications. There is an urgent need to further development of nano-antibiotic for tuberculosis.

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